SPELLING RULES A silent "e" on the end of a word makes the vowel in front say its own alphabetic name. e.g. hate, ride, cube, bake, shire, mare, lobe. Exceptions: done, come, some, give and have.Drop the final "e" from a root word before adding an ending beginning with a vowel, but keep it before a consonant. e.g. love, loving, lovely. drive, driving, driver. settle, settled, settling. grace, graceful.

SPELLING RULESWords of one syllable ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double the final consonant before adding ed and ing (trim - trimmed - trimming). Words of two or more syllables double the final consonant before adding ed and ing when these conditions are met: the last syllable ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, and the accent is on the last syllable (refer - referred - referring).

SPELLING RULESRegular plurals are made by adding "s". e.g. animals, horses, monkeys, and cliffs.To form plurals of words with a hissing ending, add "es". i.e.after "s, x, z, sh, and ch". e.g. buses, foxes, buzzes, wishes and churches.Words ending in an "o" preceded by a consonant usually add "es" to form the plural. e.g. potatoes, volcanoes. Exceptions: pianos, solos, EskimosNouns ending in a single "f" change the "f" to a "v" before adding "es" to form the plural. e.g. leaf leaves; wolf wolves. Exceptions: dwarfs, roofs, chiefs.

SPELLING RULESIf a word ends in a consonant plus "y", change the "y" to and "i", before adding any ending. Except: "ing". e.g. party parties; heavy heaviness marry married; funny funnily carry carriage; pretty prettier but; cry crying; hurry hurryingWords ending in both a single vowel and a single consonant always double the last consonant before adding an ending. e.g. stop, stopped, stopping. flat, flatter, flattest. swim, swimmer, swimming. Exceptions: fix, box, fox, mix. "x" is the same as "ck"; that is it counts as a double consonant ending.

SPELLING RULESWhen "g" is followed by "i", "e" or "y", it says "j". Otherwise it says "g" as in gold. e.g. gentle, giant, gymnastic. gallon, gold, guide, glass, grow. Exceptions: get, got, begin, girl, give, gear, geese, gift, girth, geyser, giddy.If a word of more than one syllable ends in a "t", preceded by a single vowel, and has the accent on the last syllable, then double the final consonant. e.g. permit; permitted. admit; admitted. regret; regretted. But, if the accent is on the first syllable, dont double the "t". e.g. visit; visited. benefit; benefited

SPELLING RULES"able" or "ible" endings. Use "able": After root words. e.g. available, dependable. After root words ending in "e". e.g. desirable, believable, usable (drop the "e"). After "i". e.g. reliable, sociable. When other forms of the root word have a dominant "a" vowel. e.g. irritable, durable, abominable. After a hard "c" or "g". e.g. educable, practicable, navigable. Exceptions: formidable, inevitable, memorable, probable, portable, indomitable, insuperable.Use "ible" After non-root words. e.g. audible, horrible, possible. When the root has an immediate "ion"form. e.g. digestible, suggestible, convertible. After a root ending in "ns" or "miss". e.g. responsible, comprehensible, permissible. After a soft "c" or "g". e.g. legible, negligible, forcible, invincible. Exceptions: contemptible, resistible, collapsible, flexible.

SPELLING RULESFor words ending in a single "l" after a single vowel, double the "l" before adding a suffix, regardless of accent. e.g. cancelled, traveller, signalling, metallic."q" is always written as "qu". It never stands by itself. e.g. quick, queen, quarrel.

SPELLING RULESKeep the e in order to keep the soft sound of c or g before suffixes beginning with a, e, or o.Charge + -able = chargeableNotice + -able = noticeableCourage + -ous = courageous