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UNIT 7: WORLD WAR II & THE COLD WAR
WORLD WAR II:ON THE HOMEFRONT
Entering the War
Neutrality Acts
No weapons bought or sold to nations at war. Only civilian goods sold on cash and carry basis.
Neutrality Act of 1939
All types of
goods sold
as cash and
carry basis.
Lend-Lease Act
Give aid and support to any nation vital to our security interests.
Preparing for war
Like during WWI, the government stepped in to coordinate production.
- Office of Price Administration: prevented inflation from shortages
- War Production Board: converted industries to make war goods
- Office of War Mobilization: a superagency that ran the country while Roosevelt ran the war
Financing the War
Government was willing to spend whatever was necessary to fight the war.
• Higher taxes paid about 41% of the costs.• Revenue Act of 1942 increased the # of
Americans paying income taxes & introduced “pay-as-you-go”
• War Bonds: as in WWI• Deficit Spending: spending borrowed
money and creating huge national debt.
War Bonds
DAILY LIFE
Shortages and controls– Wartime shortages were common– Metal for zippers & typewriters was used to make
guns– Fashion changed to save cloth– Sugar was in short supply when the Philippines fell
to Japan– Office of Price Administration (OPA): froze rents
and prices & rationing scarce goods through the use of coupon books
WOMEN AND THE WAR
• New Jobs for Women: Like WWI, women moved into factory jobs when men went to war.
• Problems for Working Women: – Worried about leaving their children alone– Laws regulating equal pay for equal work
were ignored– Women were still responsible for taking care
of home and family while working
WWII & Children
DISCRIMINATION• African Americans:
– Soldiers were segregated – Double “V” campaign: victory in the war & for
equal rights
• Native Americans: had to adapt to life off the reservations
• Japanese Americans: – Hostility turned to hatred after Pearl Harbor– Internment Camps: remote inland areas
where Japanese Americans were relocated to live during the war