Unit 7 World Conflict - Interwar

03/12/2020 Do Now

• Tsar Nicholas II is facing a number of challenges

• You are his trusted advisor and he is looking to you for answers to his problems

• Analyze the problems facing Nicholas and give him your best advice to save Russia

Essential Question and Objective

Why and how did Nationalism increase after WWI?

By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

describe the causes of the Russian Revolution

Activity #1 – Act it Out

• For this activity, you I will need 7 groups with 3 actors each

• Natasha Fedorov

• Evgeni Fedorov

• Kiril Kabanov

• Quickly look over your lines

• Go over the skit

• Answer the follow up questions

• You will have 15 minutes

Activity #3• Examine the following documents on Russia in 1917

that demonstrate the causes of the Russian Revolution

• Answer the questions that accompany them

Activity #4 – Our Notes

1st – let’s look at your resources and study guides

https://youtu.be/9N8hsXQapjY

Do Now 03/13/19

Take a look at the Interwar Year Intro handout I passed out at the door.

In your Social Studies Notebook, write down 3-5 things you find interesting or that jump out at you. Why does it strike you? What do you think it will mean?

https://youtu.be/jCDpTCQ8SeU

Essential Question and Objective

• Why and how did Nationalism increase after WWI?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• recall the terms of the Treaty of Versailles to understand its impact on the global economical, societal and political conditions in the next 20 years

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

But 1st

• We are moving towards improved digital technology skills

• In Google Classroom, you have a new activity DUE BY 8am on MONDAY, 03/16/2020!• Graded assignment

• Can you follow directions?• Any issues or questions, contact me

on Google Hangouts, email, or hang tight until Monday morning (just don’t forget)

Activity #1 –Our Notes on Interwar

• Changes in government• Totalitarian governments take over Europe!!!

• When leaders control every aspect of your life

• Fascism – a form of government that is nationalistic to the extreme• War is glorified

• The government has total control of your life, and is led by a dictator or a small group of people

• Fascism allows individuals to have private property and allows for class system (lower, middle, upper)

• Ex. Italy, Germany

• Communism – a form of government where a dictator or small group of people control every aspect of your life• No social classes (everyone is equal)

• Now ownership of private property

• Ex. Soviet Union, China

• https://youtu.be/pXXtOAohY_4

Totalitarian leaders are dictators who control all aspects of the government & the lives of the citizens

Totalitarian leaders gained

support by promising jobs,

promoting nationalism, &

using propaganda Dictators held on to their power by using censorship,

secret police, denying liberties,

& eliminating opposing rivals or

political parties

A Look Back at the Treaty of Versailles

• Adopted League of Nations

• Germany’s punishments

• L.A.M.B.

• Lamb

• Army

• Money

• Blame

• Territorial losses from Germany in Europe

• Germany must surrender all oversees colonies

• Limits German military

• Germany prohibited from importing/exporting weapons

• Forbidden to build/buy submarines or have an air force

• Sole responsibility of war placed on Germany

• Reparations of $33 billion to be paid to Allies over a 30 year period

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Problems in the world after WWI

• Only Japan and USA in better shape after WWI

• New democracies formed after WWI not in good shape

• France has 40 government changes between 1919 -1939

• People dissatisfied with their governments

• People are suffering

• People are ready for a change

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Why Problems?

• European nations are faced with the massive expenses of rebuilding after WW1

• Soldiers returning for war were looking for work (high unemployment rate)

• Germany is in heavy debt – war reparations payments

• Weimar Republic formed in Germany

• Blamed for defeat in WWI (Jews) and signing of Treaty of Versailles

• Germany owes $33 Billion in war reparations

• To pay for it Germany didn’t raise taxes, they printed more $.

• Loses its territory in the Ruhr Valley to France

• Held most of Germany’s industries there

• US bails Germany out with the Dawes Plan – US loans to Germany

• Europeans stop buying from Americans

• Germany begins printing money which devalues money all through Europe

• People’s life savings are now worthless

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

The Weimar Republic• Kaiser Wilhelm I

• WW1 – leader of Germany

• Responsible for government and military

• Decisions made by the Chancellors – did as the Kaiser wanted

• Picked by the Kaiser

• The people could vote, but the people and military police didn’t have any power

• Kaiser Wilhelm I OBSESSED with the military

• Spent millions on building up a strong military

• Borrowed millions trying to win the war

• How about the people?

• Liked this type of government and strong military traditions

• Felt – if they were being told what to do, the government was strong

• After WW1

• 2 days before the end of the war - The Kaiser runs away into exile

• New German government – the Weimar Republic

• Named after a town outside Berlin

• Started in 1918 – two days before Germany surrender in WWI

• 1st President – Friedrich Ebert

• Passed their constitution in 1919

• But something ELSE happened in 1919

The Weimar Republic (cont’d)

• 1923 – Key year

• #1 – The French invade Ruhr

• Germany couldn’t keep up its Reparations payments to France

• France decided to teach Germany a lesson by invading its most important industrial area, the Ruhr (80% of Germany’s steel production)

• Weimar Republic outraged

• Workers refused to work for the French and went on strike

• Hurt the economy MORE

• Weimar government’s fix – print more money…that they did not have the resources to back

• #2 – Crisis of Hyperinflation

• After government prints more money, the value dropped

• Money became worthless

• Prices soared

• Eventually – a billion marks barely enough to by a loaf of bread

• Hitler’s Munich Putsch – Hitler’s attempt to seize power

• 1923 – Gustav Stresemann named chancellor – but a lot of problems

• November 1923 – Hitler believed he would be supported by the people if he led a coup (military takeover)

• Put on trial for treason BUT caught the attention of the world

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Ineffectiveness of League of Nations

• No control of major conflicts.

• No progress in disarmament.

• No effective military force.

Activity #2

• The Weimar Republic - The Rise of Hitler DBQ Stations

• The years after World War I were tumultuous years

• Countries around the world struggled economically, socially and politically

• Within Germany, various factors combined to lead to the rise of a ruthless dictator

• Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of social studies, answer the questions that follow each document

Activity #3

• Storyboard Illustration

• Create a 6-panel storyboard to show the changes in the Weimar Republic and how they went from bad to worse

• Include dialogue

• Summarize your storyboard on the backside of the page

03/16/2020 Do Now

• Log into your Quizlet account for the Interwar vocabulary words https://quizlet.com/_69wx81?x=1jqt&i=1gbbbt . In your own words (no copying and pasting), re-define the following words in the box below or on paper (send a picture to neukisha.motsinger@capitolencoreacademy.org :

• Economic depression

• The Five-Year Plan

• Tariff

• Black Tuesday

• Inflation

Essential Question and Objective

• How can a country’s economic problems affect the global economy?

• By the end of the lesson, you should be able to

• explain how the economic crisis contributed to the growth of various political and economic movements

Activity #1 – Our Notes on the Interwar Worldwide Great DepressionHow did we go from here…

To here?

How did it change?

• Many countries have formed new democracies

• Coalition government

• No more absolute rulers

• Late 1920s – Europe was rebuilding its war-torn countries

• WWI left many countries bankrupt

• US helped by giving out loans

• Germany• Became a democracy- Weimar

Republic

• Lacked democratic tradition

• Many political parties

• Germans blamed the Weimar government for the loss in WW1

• Visit the website https://mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/US/US32-00.html and use the interactive graph/chart to see how the economy changed drastically in a short amount of time

US Financial Collapse• After years of prosperity, the US markets quickly

drop • Overproduction of goods – no one buying them• Factories lay off workers = unemployment• October 29, 1929 – Black Tuesday

• Stock market crash!• Banks close, people lose their savings• Great Depression

• 1933 – 25% of Americans unemployed

• Effects• Global depression• Americans demand to have their loans paid

back – ASAP!• World trade stopped- Import taxes• Every country hurt• Franklin Delano Roosevelt – New Deal

• Creates jobs for the unemployed

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Stock market Crash of 1929

a.k.a. Black Tuesday: October

29, 1929

Stocks started to drop, and brokers

panic.

They make calls for people to pay their market loss, but no

one can pay.

Instead, investors began selling all of

their stocks.

Stocks lost between $10-15 billion in value that day.

How did the world try to solve the economic crisis?

• Worldwide Depression – creates breeding ground for dictators

• US banks could no longer loan Europe money

• Jobless could not consume products

• Factories therefore laid off workers

• Unemployed lost homes & stood in bread lines and ate in soup kitchens

• US passed highest tariff in its history (Smoot-Hawley tariff)

• Kept European goods out of US

• Europe retaliated and kept US goods out

• Germany hit the hardest – dependence on US Loans

• 1923 first time Germany went through it – US bailed it out

• Germany doesn’t want to do this again

• People of around the world look for anyone to help

• Democracy – not providing immediate needs of the people

• People lose faith in their governments

• Enlightenment beliefs no longer key to solving issues between reason and technology

• Totalitarian and Militaristic dictatorships take over

• Not all nationalist groups satisfied

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Activity #2

• The Origins of the Great Depression (GRADED)

• Click on the Actively Learn link in your Google Classroom /Activities

• Sign in with the quick click Google

• Read the “Origins of the Great Depression” article

• Annotate

• Highlight unfamiliar terms

• Answer the comprehension questions

Activity #3

• Digital Escape Room

• How well do you remember the information you learned today

• Explore the https://sites.google.com/view/loqlrngreatdepression/home?authuser=0

03/17/2020 Do Now

• In your own words, type your understanding of the definitions for the following words:

• Totalitarianism

• Fascism

• Purge

• Nazism

• Axis Powers

• Appeasement

• It is important you reword the definition in your voice without changing the meaning or copying/ pasting from the internet

• Each person’s definitions should be unique

Essential Question and Objective

• What motivated the nations of Europe to form alliances?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to• compare the political and economic

differences between fascism and communism on a t-chart

Rise of Stalin

• 1928 – Became the Russian Communist Party Leader

• “The Great Purge”

• Stalin - extremely paranoid

• Between 1936 – 1938 –killed approximately 750,000 fellow communists if he felt they were against him

• More than 1 million sent to The Gulag (hard labor prison camp)

• Approximately 20 million killed under his rule

The Rise of Stalin

• Under Stalin’s Dictatorship

• Country began to industrialize again

• Created a secret police to monitor everything said or written (terrorized the people)

• Censored all sources of information

• Used propaganda to keep power

• Killed religious leader

• Outlawed religion

• People had no rights

• Anyone who disagreed would be killed

• The Five-Year Plans – change the country from agricultural to industrial

• Focused on iron and steel production, so there was a shortage of regular household goods

• Started collectivization of farms

• Government took over all of the farms – forced the people to work them

• Increased food production

• Improved the economy and education, banned religion

• https://youtu.be/cOI8wKFCEIA

Stalin’s Five Year Plans & collective farms improved the Soviet Union’s industrial & agricultural output

Rise of Stalin – Life in Communist Russia• Ordered:

• People to produce more goods in order to strengthen the country in preparation for war

• Farmers – forced to give up their land and to join collective farms

• Millions of farmers that resisted were either killed or sent to labor camps called GULAGs

• Operated the Soviet system of forced labor camps in the Stalin era

• “The arrival at the corrective labor camp turned out to be the culmination of the humiliation. First we were made to strip naked and were shoved into some roofless enclosures made out of planks. Above our heads the stars twinkled; below our bare feet lay frozen excrement. An enclosure measured 3 square feet. Each held three to four naked, shivering, and frightened men & women. Then these ‘kennel cages’ were opened one after the other and the naked people were led across a courtyard, the camp version of a foyer into a special building where our documents were ‘formulated’ and our things were searched. The goal of the search was to leave us with rags, and to take the good things; sweaters, mittens, socks, scarves, vests, and good shoes for themselves. Ten thieves shamelessly fleeced these destitute and barely alive people. “ ‘Corrective’ is something that should make you better, and ‘labor’ ennobles you. But ‘camp’? A camp wasn‘t a jail. So then what on earth was going on?” -courtesy of the Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia Foundation, Moscow

A drawing by Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia, a former GULAG prisoner. Courtesy of EvfrosiniiaKersnovskaia Foundation, Moscow.

Rise of Stalin –Life in Russia

Trying to feed her four hungry children during the massive 1932-1933 famine, the peasant mother allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former field—confiscated by the state as part of collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to ten years in the GULAG. When her sentence expired in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the war in 1945. After her release, she was required to live in exile near her GULAG camp north of the Arctic Circle, and she was not able to return home until 1956, 3 years after the death of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never found her children after her release.

Rise of Stalin –Life in Russia

Seeking the appearance of democracy, the Soviet Union held elections, but only one Communist Party candidate appeared on the ballot for each office. Fear of punishment ensured that nearly all Soviet citizens “voted” by taking their ballot and ceremoniously placing it into a ballot box.

In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a beekeeper, protested this absurd ritual by writing the word “Comedy” on his “secret” ballot. Soviet authorities linked the ballot to Burylov and sentenced him to eight years in camps for this “crime.”

Activity #2

• Read the Stalin section of The Rise of Dictators and Militarist

• Answer the two questions under the Activity #2 section of your daily agenda

Fascism• What is it and why?

• A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule

• Promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for the hard times (JEWS), and restore national pride

• Attracted those who felt angered and betrayed by the results of WWI treaties and the Depression

• Ultra-nationalism – the weak should be conquered, loyalty to a single, strong leader (uniforms, salutes, etc.)

• Opposite of Communism

• Characteristics

• The STATE is more important than the INDIVIDUAL

• Cultural – censorship, indoctrination,

• Economic – controlled by state

• Political –Racist, one-party rule,

• Social – supported by middle class, military

• Examples

• Italy – Mussolini

• Japan – Tojo

• Germany – Hitler

Examples of Non-Fascist Governments

France

Great Britain

The United States

• Communism is NOT fascism

• Communism has no classes –fascism does

• Communism is international

Russia

COMMUNISM VS. FASCISM

No gov’t control of laws Total gov’t control of laws

Total gov’t control of economy

No gov’t control of economy

Not all totalitarian dictators were Communists

In Italy, Germany, & Spain, people turned to an extremely nationalist gov’t called fascism

Fascist gov’ts were controlled by dictators who

demanded loyalty from citizens

Fascists did not offer democracy & used one party to

rule the nation Unlike Communists,

fascists believed people could keep

their property

TOTALITARIAN REGIMES IN EUROPE & ASIAMussolini & Hitler believed in fascism: the idea that nations need strong dictators, total authority by one

party, but that people can keep private property

Stalin was a Communist believed that the government should control all property & business

In Italy, Benito Mussolini

formed the Fascist Party

Mussolini gained popularity by promising to revive the economy,

rebuild the military, & expand Italy to create a new Roman Empire

Mussolini named his Fascist Party after the fasces, a Roman symbol of authority & power

General Hideki Tojo - Japan

• Reason for his rise to power• Japan is a major manufacturing center after WWI• Population increases cause food shortages, on top

of the effects of the depression (job loss, low wages)• Depression hits Japan like the rest of the world• The military blames the government for

becoming too “Western”

• Emperor Hirohito has no real power – General Tojo takes over the government (militarism), invades Manchuria in 1931, attack China in 1937

• Japan lacks raw materials and farmland to support it’s growing population• No room to grow• Japan began an aggressive empire building in the

early 1930’s• 1931 – invades Manchuria• 1941 – establishes neutrality agreement with

Soviet Union.• 1941 – Starts to push into SE Asia and

Indonesia.• No one reacts

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

General Benito Mussolini – Italy

• Remember the Treaty of Versailles?

• Italy angry – didn’t get the land it was promised at the end of WWI

• Interwar period – economy in the dumps

• 1919 – Benito Mussolini starts the Fascist

• Followers called The Black Shirts

• Use violence to force people to follow them

• King Victor Emmanuel III named Mussolini the Prime Minister

• Rise to power

• After a corrupt election – Mussolini names himself Il Duce, “The Leader”

• Banned all other political parties

• Decreased unemployment by increasing the military

• Jailed or killed anyone who disagreed with Fascism

• Feared communism spreading towards Italy

• Formed an alliance with Hitler

• Actions

• Inspired by Japan’s attack on Manchuria because League of Nations has no power

• 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia

• League of Nations condemned the attack but does nothing

• Britain and France try to keep the peace by appeasing the Italians

• No one reacts

General Francisco Franco – Spain

• Rise to power

• 1936 – led a military revolt against the government

• Caused a bloody civil war

• Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco (Germany gave him new weapons to test)

• The U.S. and other countries tried to help the government

• 1939 – Franco became dictator when the civil war ended

• The Spanish Civil War became known as practice for World War II This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Activity #2

• Newsela - Rise of Totalitarian Dictators

• Click on the link in your Google Classroom

• Read the article

• Answer the comprehension questions

Activity #3

• Watch the Flocabulary video “Between the Wars” https://youtu.be/c0Lo33jm7NI

• Then answer the read and response questions on the Google Form in your located in Google Classroom

03/18/2020 Do Now

• Statement: Have you ever had a big fight with your siblings, friends or parents and after that, you thought you would never fight like that again but later you did and it was worse than before? I have a brother and when we were your age, we fought a lot. We would fight over who got to watch what they wanted because we only had one TV back then. Whenever we fought, my mom or dad would step in and make us say sorry. We would promise not to fight again, and we wouldn’t, but later on, it would happen again, but the fight would be bigger because we didn’t forget about the first one! That’s kind of what happened in World War II. The Great War was supposed to be the “war to end all wars”, but it obviously didn’t.

• Activity:

• Come up with reasons why war keeps happening

• Go to https://padlet.com/neukisha_motsinger/hxjod9zlels6

• Select “Post” to add your name and your comments

• List 2-3 reasons (with evidence)

• Comment to at least 2 other people (which means you may have to come back later in the day)

Essential Question and Objective

• What motivated the nations of Europe to form alliances?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• identify and describe the series of events that led to the evolution of Adolf Hitler as leader of the Nazi Party and Fuhrer of Germany

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Activity #1

• Read the CommonLitarticle “Adolf Hitler”

• Answer the end of reading assessment questions (GRADED)

Activity #2 –Our Notes

• How did Hitler rise to power?• Why did the German people decide to follow

this “Man Without a Country” when he wasn’t a citizen of any country from 1925 - 1932?

• How was Hitler able to stir the youth of German to create his Hitler Youth?

• What decisions do you think you’d choose if placed in the same predicament as the German citizens?• Could we fall for another Hitler and what would

we do to prevent it?

• TedEd “How did Hitler Rise to Power” https://youtu.be/jFICRFKtAc4

Rise of Hitler and MeinKampf beliefs

• 1925 Book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)• blames Jews and Communists for the loss of WWI• Calls Germans (Aryans) the “master race” –

especially those with blonde hair and blue eyes• All Non-Aryans were inferior and need to be

exterminated• Outraged by the Treaty of Versailles – Germany

would get back all lands that were taken and restore national pride

• Germany needed Lebensraum (living space) –achieved by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia

• Under his leadership• Called “Fuehrer” and introduced “Heil Hitler,” Nazi

salute, Flag, and Swastika• Banned freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and

the press• Encouraged anti-Semitism (anti-Jewish feelings)

• Passed the Nuremburg Laws• barred Jews from schools, owning

businesses, holding government office, and force the Jews to wear the yellow stars

• Policies bring Germany out of the depression –motivates people to follow him• Massive Public works• Creation of the Autobahn • Establishes Volkswagen • Unemployment down from 6 Million to 1.5

Million by ’36

How did he get so far?

• 1935 – announced Germany will no longer following Treaty of Versailles

• Was already secretly building an army

• League of Nations condemns him –powerless

• March 7, 1936 – German troops reoccupy the Rhineland (border area with France that Germany has lost in the Treaty of Versailles)

• Allies resort to appeasement- policy of giving in to an aggressor to maintain peace

• Balance of power has shifted to Germany

• Now Belgium and France are open to attack

• Result – Hitler sped up his plans for world domination

Hitler’s Rise to Power –The German Reich Expands• 1937 – Hitler announces that he wants to add Austria and parts

of Czechoslovakia to the German Empire (14 pts… like US President Wilson)

• 1938 – invasion of Austria

• France and Great Britain do nothing

• 1938 – Invasion of Czechoslovakia

• Sudetenland – Western Czechoslovakia

• Home of 3 million ethnic Germans

• Czechoslovakia refuses and asks for help

• Sep 29, 1938 – Munich Conference

• Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy meet to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia

• Hitler given Sudetenland

• Condition – he had to promise not to ask for anything else (known as appeasement

• He agreed – but lied

• France and Great Britain look to Russia for help

• Russia not interested

• Russia feels betrayed after Treaty of Versailles

• Russia can get a better deal

• Stalin and Hitler sign a non-aggression pact stating that they would never attack each other

• Poland is secretly divided into a buffer zone

• Hitler now has all of his ducks in a row

Hitler continues to add territory

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939

The AXIS Powers, 1940

• September 1, 1939 – Germany Invades Poland

• Hitler unleashes the Blitzkrieg

• Britain and France declare war on Germany

• Russia Remains Neutral

• America did nothing

• Hitler and Mussolini form an alliance, September 1940 – named after a comment in a 1936 Mussolini speech

• Japan joins a month later on September 27, 1940

Activity #3

• Inside Hitler’s Head• After reading

CommonLit’s “Adolf Hitler,” create a sensory figure’s head to show what he may have been thinking during his rise to power

• Your head must include at least 5 thought bubbles

• You can use digital tools (like Google Drawing, Google Slides, Canva, VennGage, Piktochart) or manually draw it and attach a photo

• See an example to the left

Activity #4

• Watch the interactive map for an introduction to Hitler’s attack on the Jewish population and start of WWII

• https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/animated-map/the-holocaust