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Unit 7: Festivals______________________________________________________________________

แผนการสอน

หวเรอง7.1 Songkran Festival

7.2 The Festival of Tenth Lunar Month

7.3 Yi – Peng Festival

7.4 The Rocket Festival

7.5 The Illuminated Boat Procession

7.6 The Ghost Festival (Phi Taa Khon)

วตถประสงค- เลอกใชคำ�ศพท สำ�นวน และโครงสร�งประโยคเกยวกบเทศก�ลและประเพณได

- อธบ�ยและใหร�ยละเอยดเกยวกบเทศก�ล หรอประเพณสำ�คญของไทยได

- สรปขอมลเกยวกบเทศก�ล หรอประเพณของแตละภมภ�คได

กจกรรมการเรยน- เรยนรคำ�ศพท และสำ�นวนเกยวกบเทศก�ล หรอประเพณสำ�คญของไทย

- ก�รตอบคำ�ถ�ม และเล�ประวตคว�มเปนม�ของประเพณ- จดทำ�แผนพบแนะนำ�ก�รทองเทยวต�มเทศก�ล หรอประเพณของทองถน

สอการสอน- เอกส�รสอน

- แผนพบ- ขอมลจ�กเวบไซด

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การประเมนผล- แบบฝกหด- กจกรรมก�รสร�งบทสนทน�- ก�รจดทำ�แผนพบ- ก�รอธบ�ย และใหขอมล

7.1 The Songkran Festival

(Source: http://www.relaxzy.com/place/songkran.html)

The songkran or Water Festival is the traditional Thai New Year’s celebration.

Generally, it is held for a period of 3 days, from April 13 to 15 - the hottest time of the

year. The word “Songkran” is from Sanskrit, meaning the beginning of a new solar year.

In the traditional Thai calendar, this falls in April, when the sun enters Aries. Thus, the

Songkran Festival is held to mark the beginning of a new solar year.

Songkran is celebrated all over Thailand, especially in the northern province of

Chiang Mai and at Paklat, a riverside area of Pra Pradaeng in Samut Prakarn Province,

where the occasion is celebrated to the fullest and processions are exceptionally colorful

and joyful. Songkran is celebrated not only in Thailand, but also in neighboring countries,

such as Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia.

Exercise 1Answer the following questions.

1. What is the Songkran Festival? __________________________________________

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2. When is it celebrated and how long does it last? _____________________________

3. What does “SongKran” mean? ___________________________________________

4. Why is the Songkran Festival celebrated? __________________________________

5. Where is the Songkran Festival celebrated? _________________________________

Vocabulary

1. celebrate - เฉลมฉลอง2. Sanskrit - ภ�ษ�สนสกฤต3. solar year - ปท�งสรยะคต4. Aries - ร�ศเมษ5. procession - รวขบวน

Language Focus: Asking for and Giving Information

ในก�รตงคำ�ถ�มเกยวกบประเพณหรอเทศก�ลต�ง ๆ นน นกศกษ�ควรตงคำ�ถ�มประเภท Wh-question ลกษณะของคำ�ถ�มอ�จเปนดงน

Question InformationWhat is the Songkran Festival? It is the tradition Thai New Year’s

celebration.When is it celebrated? From April 13 to April 15.

How long does it last? It lasts for 3 days – from April 13 to April 15.Where is it celebrated? In every province of Thailand.

Why is it important? To mark the beginning of a new solar year.

What is the significance of Songkran?

It marks the beginning of a new solar year.

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Exercise 2Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.

The Songkran Celebration

The Songkran celebration begins early on the morning of April 13, when the public

offers food to Buddhist (1) ______________. A customary practice during the festival is

for people (2) _____________________ birds and fish. Thais believe that they will gain

(3) ______________ through such acts of kindness.

Besides offering food to monks and releasing birds and fish, another essential part

of Songkran is the bathing of Buddha (4) _____________________ with scented water.

On Songkran day younger relatives and friends will also gather at the houses of their

respected elders and (5) ______________ scented water into the hands of the elders as a

sign of respect and veneration. The real fun starts after the water-pouring, as the young

people begin splashing water on one another.

The practice of building sand (6) ______________ at temples is another fascinating

tradition. This practice (7)______________ in the Dhavaravati period (500-1000 A.D.).

People bring in small amounts of sand to temples and build small stupas on the temple

grounds. There are two (8) ______________ why people do this. Firstly, it is believed

that each grain of sand represents atonement for (9) ______________. Secondly, the sand

will be piled up in the temple grounds later for use as a land fill or for mixing concrete

when (10) ______________ the temple buildings. Therefore, it is interesting that

something traditional has been turned into something functional as well.

(Source: http://sunsite.au.ac.th)

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Exercise 3Answer the following questions.

1. Why do some people release birds and fish on Songkran day? __________________

2. Why do Thai people pour scented water into the hands of their elders?

___________________________________________________________________

3. Where do people build sand stupas and why? _______________________________

4. When did the idea of building sand stupas originate? _________________________

Vocabulary

1. to offer food to monks - ใสบ�ตร, ถว�ยอ�ห�รแดพระภกษสงฆ2. to release birds and fish - ปลอยนกปลอยปล�3. to bathe Buddha images - สรงนำ�พระพทธรป4. to build sand stupas - กอเจดยทร�ย5. to make merit - ทำ�บญ6. to gain merit - ไดบญ7. to accumulate merit - สะสมบญ

Language Focus: Noun derived from Verbs or Adjectives

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คำ�น�มบ�งคำ�เกดจ�กร�กคำ� (root) ของคำ�กรย� หรอ คำ�คณศพท โดยก�รคงรปคำ�เดม หรอเตมปจจย (suffixes) เพอเปลยนชนดของคำ� ทงน คำ�น�มดงกล�วจะคงคว�มหม�ยใกลเคยงกบร�กคำ�เดม เชน

Verb Noun Adjective Nounrespect respect kind kindness

celebrate celebration traditional traditionoriginate original Interesting interest

Task 1: Students talk with friends about their favorite festival focusing on activities at that time.

7.2 The Festival of the Tenth Lunar Month

Tourist: I’m thinking of going down South to somewhere which is not too touristy What

do you think about Nakhon Si Thammarat?

Guide: It’s an interesting province, and you’ll like it because there are not many tourists

there.

Tourist: Besides the places discussed in some guide books, is there anything I should see

while in the province? I mean, culturally?

Guide: Yes, of course. Have you heard about the Festival of the Tenth Lunar Month?

It’s a traditional merit-making occasion celebrated in the southern region,

especially in Nakhon Si Thammarat. The people will make merit on the last

three days of the waning moon in the tenth lunar month of the traditional Thai

calendar.

Tourist: Ah…really.

Guide: This festival is a ten-day celebration, scheduled on certain days from mid-

September to mid-October.

Tourist: It sounds great. But what is the idea behind this celebration?

Guide: Well, it’s a widely held belief in southern Thailand that during the fifteen nights

of the waning moon period in the tenth lunar month, the souls of the ancestors

are permitted to visit their relatives.

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Tourist: I see.

Guide: During this period, the living make merit for the dead. For example, various

kinds of foods and sweets are offered to monks.

Tourist: That’s very interesting.

Exercise 4Answer the following questions.

1. Where does the festival take place? _________________________________________

2. When is this festivals held? ________________________________________________

3. How long does it take? ___________________________________________________

4. What is the objective of the festival? ________________________________________

5. What activity do the people do in the festival? _________________________________

Vocabulary

1. traditional - แบบดงเดม เปนประเพณ2. merit-making - ก�รทำ�บญ3. waning moon - ข�งแรม4. lunar month - เดอนต�มจนทรคต5. the souls of the ancestors - วญญ�ณของบรรพบรษ6. living - คนทมชวตอย

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Exercise 5Read the passage and check true or false.

‘Confections’

Religious festival at the tenth lunar month, Sart Duen Sib is one of essential

Southern people festival, has continuously done since ancient time to present day.

According to Buddhist belief that in the end of month tenth there are parents, grandparents

and relatives whom passed away, especially sinners in hell called “Pred” are temporary

permitted by the King of Hell to leave there, to reunion or meet their children or relative on

the earth in Thai lunar calendar waning moon 15 evening, month 10 and return to hell.

The tenth lunar month festival beyond make merit for passed away family,

relatives or other, there is an essential part of the offering set, the 5 confections. These 5

confections are the symbolic of the tenth lunar month festival, each of it have its belief

significations, besides these confections are proper provisions for monks through the

rain season.

Khanom Pawng (ขนมพอง) or Pawng confection symbolizes the raft or float to

cross the ocean between hell and earth.

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Khanom La (ขนมล�) or La confection symbolizes clothes or costumes.

Khanom Dee Sam (ขนมดซำ�) or Dee Sam confection symbolizes money.

Khanom Bah (ขนมบ�) or Bah confection symbolizes Sa-ba, Thai recreation, for

the deaths play in Songkhran day (Thai New Year).

Khanom Gong (ขนมกง) Gong confection symbolizes the ornaments.

(Source: http://southernfolklore.blogspot.com)

Write (T) if the statement is true and (F) if it is false.

_______ 1. ‘Sart Duan Sib’ festival is held in the South of Thailand.

_______ 2. ‘Pred’ are sinners in hell.

_______ 3. The purpose of this festival is to make merit to the sinner.

_______ 4. There are 6 confections in the offering set.

_______ 5. ‘Khanom La’ symbolizes costumes.

Vocabulary

1. relatives - ญ�ตพนอง2. temporary - ชวคร�ว3. passed away - ทเสยชวต4. offering set - ชดของเซนไหว บช�5. provisions - เสบยงอ�ห�ร

Language Focus: Adjective

Adjective คอ คำ�ทใชประกอบคำ�น�ม หรอคำ�สรรพน�ม เพอบอกลกษณะบงช หรอกำ�หนดอย�งใดอย�งหนงเกยวกบน�มหรอสรรพน�มนน ๆ

มตำ�แหนงก�รว�ง ดงน

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1. ว�งไวหน�น�ม เชนReligious festival is at the tenth lunar month

There is an essential part of the offering set

These confections are proper provisions for monks.

 

2. ว�งไวหลง Verb to be เชนThe tenth lunar month is essential for Southern people.

These confections are proper for monks through the rain season.

Task 2: Students give some information about the festivals in their region to their friends in class based on wh-questions: what , where, when, why, etc.

7.3 Yi-Peng Festival

(Source: http://www.ezytrip.com/webboard/show.php?id=529)

102

In the Northern Thai provinces that were once part of the ancient Lanna Thai

kingdom, the Yi-peng Northern Lantern Festival is still being celebrated. Tubular lanterns,

resembling hot air balloons, are lit and released into the night sky as an offering the Lord

Buddha.As hundreds of illuminated lanterns drift into infinity, this conjures the same sense

of wistful closure as the krathong float down-stream. The lighting of fireworks is

undertaken in the same spirit as when lighting candles in an act of worship so fireworks

displays are very much an integral element of the secular and

religious rituals performed.

The unusual ritual of launching Lanna-style floating lanterns (khome loi or khome

yipeng) is a unique aspect of the Chiang Mai Loi Krathong festival. Traditional belief has

it that when these huge lanterns are set adrift and float away, so do the troubles of the

residents in the community. 'Yi-peng' literally means the full moon night of the twelfth

lunar month and the Chiang Mai 'Yi-peng' and 'Loi Krathong', the Festival of Lights is

organized annually by the Chiang Mai Municipality. During the festival, the entire city of

Chiang Mai, its houses, streets, canals, moats and the river are decorated with lights and

beautiful lanterns, making these festivities, a most beautiful and memorable experience for

visitors. The practice of setting adrift traditional krathong floats in rivers, canals,

waterways, lakes and ponds is also observed by the residents of Northern Thailand. While

traditional krathong were made exclusively from banana leaves, today the krathong come

in all shapes and sizes and are made from a broad range of materials. Following the

contest, the krathong are set afloat on the Mae Ping River. The final night of the

celebration is the most important. A procession of spectacular "Krathong Yai" or giant

krathong floats will wing their way through the streets of the northern capital. The giant

krathong feature elaborate decorations depicting the story of the life of the Lord Buddha,

Thai literature, history and Thai art. Many other activities of interest will also be organized

ranging from krathong contests, Lanna Thai cultural presentations and folk performances,

bamboo raft races and boat races on the Mae Ping River and fireworks.

(Source: http://thailand-travelling.blogspot.com)

Exercise 6Answer the questions.

1. What is a Yi-Peng Festival? _____________________________________________

2. What is the importance of tubular lanterns? _________________________________

3. Why do people release the lanterns? _______________________________________

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4. Are Yi-Peng festival and Loi Krathong festival held in the same month? __________

5. What activities are there in Yi-Peng festival? ________________________________

6. Is ‘ krathong’ always made from banana leave? _____________________________

Vocabulary

1. tubular lanterns - โคมไฟทมลกษณะคล�ยทอ2. illuminate - สองสว�ง3. fireworks - ดอกไมไฟ4. worship - สกก�ระ บช�5. secular - เกยวกบท�งโลก6. adrift - ลอยไป7. municipality - เทศบ�ล8. broad – กว�ง ไมจำ�กด9. spectacular - น�ตนเตน10. depict - บรรย�ยใหเหนภ�พ

7.4 The Rocket Festival

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(Source: http://thai.tourismthailand.org)

Bun Bung Fai or the Rocket festival is celebrated throughout the Northeast, but the

most important place for the celebration is the province of Yasothon. The festival

combines elements of Buddhism, Brahminism and animism.

The Rocket Festival is held to request seasonal rainfall for farming from Phaya

Thean, the God of Rain. It takes place on the second weekend of May, which marks the

beginning of he planting season.

“Bang Fais” are bamboo rockets. They come in different lengths, ranging from a

foot to the height of a 2-story building. In the old days the rocket bodies were made of

bamboo, but today they can be made of either bamboo or iron pipe. They are decorated

with Thai designs, usually in the shape of a naga.

The first day of the celebration begins with merry-making, including traditional

dances and processions of rocket floats. On the second day is the actual shooting of the

rockets. Early in the morning the rockets are paraded around the town. Each procession

consists of clowns, dancers and musicians playing drums, gongs, cymbals and reed pipes.

The procession then moves to Phaya Thaen field, where hundreds of rockets will be

launched. The first rocket is fired to predict the amount of rainfall for that growing season.

That is, if it goes high up in the sky, there will be plenty of rain and a good crop.

The rest are set off to ask for rain. The owner of a rocket which does not rise after

firing will be thrown into the water as punishment for making a dud rocket –all in good

fun.

Exercise 7Match the question in Column A with the responses in Column B.

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Column A Column B

______ 1. What is Boon Bung Fai?______ 2. When and how long is it

celebrated?______ 3. Why is it celebrated?______ 4. What are Bung Fais made

of?______ 5. How big is a Bung Fai?______ 6. When are Bung Fais

actually launched?______ 7. What is the significance of

launching each Bung Fai?______ 8. What is predicted when the

first rocket goes high up in the sky?

a. On the second day of the celebration.b. There will be abundant rain and a good crop.c. It’s the Rocket Festival held in the northeastern provinces of Thailand, especially in Yasothon.d. To predict the amount of annual rainfall and to request rain.e. The first rocket is fired to predict the amount of rain and the others are launched to ask for rain.f. Either bamboo or iron pipe, with gunpowder inside.g. For two day-Saturday and Sunday-on the second weekend of May.h. Size vary. A rocket may contain from 1 to 120 kilograms of gunpowder.

Vocabulary

1. animism - คว�มเชอ หรอลทธเกยวกบผส�งวญญ�ณ

2. iron pipe – ทอเหลก3. merry-making - คว�มสนกรนเรง4. reed pipes - แคน5. a dud rocket - บงไฟทใชก�รไมได

Language Focus: Relatives Clauses with ‘Which’/ ‘That’

106

คอขอคว�มททำ�หน�ทคล�ยคำ�คณศพท (adjective) เพอขย�ยคำ�น�มทอยข�งหน�ใหชดเจนยงขน โดยอ�จทำ�หน�เปนประธ�น กรรม ตวอย�ง เชน

1. Where is the cheese? It was in the fridge.

Where is the cheese which/ that was in the fridge?

2. It takes place on the second weekend of May, which/ that marks the beginning of

the planting season.

3. The owner of a rocket which/ that does not rise after firing will be thrown

into the water.

Exercise 8Match the suitable ending in Column B to make it into a relative clause.

Column A Column A

___1. Ann works for a company a. that cannot be explain.

___2. The machine b. that was destroyed has now been rebuilt.

___3. What was the name of the horse c. that makes washing machines.

___4. A mystery is something d. which won the race?

___5. A building e. that broke down has been repaired.

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7.5 The Illuminated Boat Procession

(Source: http://www.baanmaha.com)

Tourist: Are there any festivals held in the Northeast of Thailand?

Guide: Yes, there are many, such as the Rocket Festival, the Wax Candle Festival and

the Illuminated Boat Procession.

Tourist: The Illuminated Boat Procession! What’s that?

Guide: Well, it’s the traditional Loy Krathong Festival of the Northeasterners living

along the bank of the Maekhong River. It’s held on the full moon night of the

eleventh lunar month in the traditional Thai calendar, which is October, to give

thanks to the Water Goddess. It’s also a tribute to the holy footprint of the Lord

Buddha, when he came down from Heaven at the end of the Rains Retreat.

Tourist: Is it celebrated in the same way as the Loy Krathong Festival?

Guide: Well, sort of. But we launch illuminated boats into the river, instead krathongs.

The boars are made of the bark of the banana tree, bamboo, and so on, with a

length of approximately six meters. The boats are elaborately decorated and

made in the shape of mythical animals, such as Nagas, Garudas and Swans, or

the That Phanom Chedi.

Tourist: Is it a big celebration?

Guide: Yes, it is, particularly in Nakhon Phanom. When the illuminated boats are lit up

and launched into the Maekhong River under the full moon. It’s really a

beautiful sight.

Tourist: That’s very interesting.

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Exercise 9Give the information about the Illuminated Boat Procession.

What: 1.

When: 2.

Where: 3.

Why: 4. a)

b)

How: 5. a)

b)

Boats: 6. Materials:

Shape:

Length:

Vocabulary

1. illuminated - ประดบประทปโคมไฟหรอแสงสว�ง2. a tribute to the holy footprint of the Lord Buddha - ถว�ยเปนพทธบช�3. launch - ปลอยเรอไฟลงในนำ�4. lit up (pp.) light up - จดไฟ5. sort of - ทำ�นองนน6. the holy footprint - รอยพระพทธบ�ท7. Garudas - ครฑ

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Language Focus: Yes-No Question

เปนประเภทคำ�ภ�มทตองก�รคำ�ตอบว� ใช หรอไมใช (เสยงลงท�ยประโยคจะเปนเสยงสง)ก�รตอบทำ�ไดโดยทวนรปคำ�ถ�ม เชน

- Are there any festivals held in the Northeast of Thailand? Yes, there are many.

- Is it celebrated in the same way as the Loy Krathong Festival? Yes, it is.

- Is it a big celebration? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

-Do you enjoy the festival? Yes. I do. / No. I don’t.

Exercise 10Rewrite the following sentences to ‘Yes -No question’.

1. The Illuminated Boat Procession is held on the full moon night.

____________________________________________________________________

2. The boats are made of the bark of the banana tree.

____________________________________________________________________

3. The length of boat is approximately 6 meters.

____________________________________________________________________

4. The boats are decorated in the shape of mythical animals.

____________________________________________________________________

5. The Illuminated Boat Procession is interesting.

____________________________________________________________________

Task 3: Students introduce a local festival to friends in class.

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7.6 Ghost Festival (Phi Taa Khon)

(Source: http://www.ezytrip.com)

Phi Ta Khon is a type of masked procession celebrated on the first day of a three-

day Buddhist merit-making holyday known in Thai as "Boon Pra Wate". The annual

festival takes place in May, June or July at a small town of Dan Sai in the northeastern

province of Loei.

Participants of the festival dress up like ghosts and monsters wearing huge masks

made carved coconut-tree trunks, topped with a wicker-work sticky-rice steamer. The

procession is marked by a lot of music and dancing.

The precise origin of the Phi Ta Khon is unclear. However, it can be traced back to

a traditional Buddhist folklore. In the Buddha's next to last life, he was the beloved Prince

Vessandorn. The prince was said to go on a long trip for such a long time that his subjects

forgot him and even thought that he was already dead. When he suddenly returned, his

people were overjoyed. They welcomed him back with a celebration so loud that it even

awoke the dead who then joined in all the fun.

From that time onward the faithful came to commemorate the event with

ceremonies, celebrations and the donning of ghostly spirit masks. The reason behind all the

111

events is probably due to the fact that it was held to evoke the annual rains from the

heavens by farmers and to bless crops.

On the second day, the villagers dance their way to the temple and fire off the usual

bamboo rockets to signal the end of the procession. The festival organizers also hold

contests for the best masks, costumes and dancers, and brass plaques are awarded to the

winners in each age group.

Then comes the last day of the event, the villagers then gather at the local temple,

Wat Ponchai, to listen to the message of the thirteen sermons of the Lord Buddha recited

by the local monks.

Then it is time for the revelers to put away their ghostly masks and costumes for

another year. From now on, they must again return to the paddy fields to eke out their

living through as their forefathers did.

(Source: http://sunsite.au.ac.th)

Exercise 11Answer the following questions.

1. How long does the festival last? __________________________________________

2. How do the participants dress up? ________________________________________

3. Who is Prince Vessandorn? _____________________________________________

4. What is the reason behind the festival? _____________________________________

5. What joyful activities are there in this festival? ______________________________

Vocabulary

1. holyday - วนพระ2. participant - ผเข�รวม3. a wicker-work sticky-rice steamer - หวดนงข�วเหนยว4. folklore - คตชน ประเพณและคว�มเชอของผคน5. subjects - พสกนกร6. the faithful - ผจงรกภกด7. commemorate - ฉลองเพอเปนก�รระลกถง

112

8. to listen to the message of the thirteen sermons - ฟงเทศน 13 กณฑ9. paddy fields - น�ข�ว10. forefathers - บรรพบรษ

Language Focus: Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs หรอ two-word verbs นยมใชกนม�กในภ�ษ�องกฤษ ทงในภ�ษ�พดและภ�ษ�เขยน โครงสร�งของ Phrasal verbs ประกอบดวยสองสวน คอ คำ�กรย�และสวนประกอบ

เมอใชในรปประโยคและมกรรม ถ�กรรมนนเปนสรรพน�มจะว�งอย

ระหว�ง verb กบ particle

-Yesterday a fire broke out at the new market. The firemen were able to put it out.

เมอว�นนเกดไฟไหมทตล�ดใหม พนกง�นดบเพลงดบไดทน

ถ�กรรมนนเปนคำ�น�มจะว�งไวหลง preposition

-The firemen were able to put out the fire at the new market.

หรอว�งไวระหว�ง verb + particle

-The firemen were able to put the fire out at the new market.

พนกง�นดบเพลงดบไฟทตล�ดใหมได

สงทเปนปญห�ในก�รแปล คอ เมอคำ�กรย�และสวนประกอบม�รวมกนเปน Phrasal verbs แลว จะทำ�ใหเกดคว�มหม�ยใหมขนม� ซงอ�จจะไมมเค�คว�มหม�ยของ คำ�กรย�เดมเลย ก�รเรยนรค ำ�เหล�นจงนบว�ม ประโยชนม�กในก�รแปล

verb + preposition or particle

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Example: Phrasal verbs

1.  break down 1.1   stop functioning

This machine will break down if you don’t take care of it.

เครองยนตจะพงถ�คณไมเอ�ใจใสมน

1.2     lose control of one’s emotions She broke down when she heard of her friend’s accident.

เธอควบคมอ�รมณไมอยเมอไดยนข�วอบตเหตของเพอน 1.3     to break something down (trans v.)

The survey breaks down the population of Thailand region by region.

ก�รสำ�รวจประช�กรของประเทศไทยแบงไปต�มภ�ค

2.  give up 2.1    to stop doing something

He tried to give up smoking since it can cause lung cancer.

เข�พย�ย�มเลกสบบหรเพร�ะบหรทำ�ใหเกดมะเรงปอด 2.2    to admit defeat

I finally gave up gave up trying to use a computer.

ในทสดฉนกลมเลกคว�มพย�ย�มทจะใชคอมพวเตอร   3. go over

3.1   to examine or consider carefully We went over the accounts very thoroughly but couldn’t find any mistakes.

เร�ตรวจสอบบญชอย�งละเอยดละออแตห�ทผดไมพบ  3.2    to repeat

I asked the boy to go over his story again.

ฉนขอใหเดกผช�ยเล�เรองซำ�ใหม

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  4. keep up

4.1     to maintain or to continue Thai children abroad are taught to keep up Thai traditions.

เดกไทยในต�งประเทศไดรบก�รสงสอนใหรกษ�ประเพณไทย 4.2    to look after and keep in good condition

He spent a lot of money to keep up his castle.

เข�ใชเงนจำ�นวนม�กเพอดแลปร�ส�ทของเข� 4.3    prevent from going to bed

I hope our partly next door didn’t keep you up all night.

ฉนหวงว�ง�นเลยงของเร�ไมทำ�ใหคณตนตลอดทงคน 4.4     remain level

Slow down. I can’t keep up with you.

ช� ๆ หนอย ฉนต�มเธอไมทน

(Source: http://e-book.ram.edu)Exercise 12Complete the chart by using the information from the various festivals.

Major Festivals in Thailand

Festival Date/ Month of

Celebration

Duration Importance

Songkran 3 days 1.

Loy Krathong 1 night 1.2. To ask for forgiveness for polluting the water

Tenth Lunar Month

10 days 1.

Vegetarian Festival

1. To pay respect to gods and ancestors.2. To purify the body and mind.

Rocket Festival(Boon Bung Fai)

Second weekend of May

1. To predict the amount of annual rainfall.2.

Ghost Festival (Phii Taa Khon)

Around June 2 days 1.To welcome Prince Vessantara.2.

Procession of the Buddha Image (Chak Phra)

Eleventh lunar month (mid October)

1. To mark the Lord Buddha’s return from Heaven.2.

Illuminated Boat 5 days 1. To give thank to the Water

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Procession Goddess.2.