UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT

LESSON 7.1: THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR- PBS THE WAR

THAT MADE AMERICA

Unit Overview

• Students will understand the impact of war on American politics, economics, society and culture.

French and Indian War

The War that Made America part 1

AP 1: Learning Log

• Today I learned……..• What role did Washington play in the development of the French

and Indian War?• How did the Half King dupe GW?• Explain the difficult situation the Natives find themselves in as the

French and the English encroach on the Ohio River Valley.• What was Braddock’s big blunder?

The War that made America Part 2

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The War that Made America Part 3

AP 3

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The War that Made America Part 4

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AP 4

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Activity

Learning Log

• Summarize what you have learned about the French and Indian War.

• Who fought in the French and Indian War?• What was the French and Indian War fought over?• What did the Albany Plan of Union demonstrate?• What impact did the French and Indian War have on

Native Americans?• Who won the war?• What impact did the French and Indian war have on

colonists?

Focus

• What have you already learned about the French and Indian War? What are causes and effects?

French and Indian War

Introduction

• In the mid-1700’s, England and France fought a war for control of North America. Britain emerged from the conflict victorious. After the war, however, Parliaments attempts to raise revenue from the colonies met with resistance and protests.

British-French Rivalry

• Two strongest European nations with long history of competition

• Bitter feelings between French and British colonists

• British land companies wanted to explore Ohio River Valley, but French traders regarded this as their territory

• French did not want to share valuable fur trade

Early Colonial Conflict

• British built a fort in Ohio country in the 1740’s, in area of Miami tribe, in area called Pickawillany

• French quickly attacked and drove British out of Ohio

• French then built forts along rivers of upper Ohio River Valley near the British colonies

Native American involvement

• Native Americans would make a difference in battle for North America

• French mainly interested in trading for furs, and often married Native women and followed Native customs

• British interested in taking over land

• Natives often helped French raid British settlements

Washington

• 21 year old farmer and surveyor sent to Ohio to tell French they were trespassing on British territory and demand they leave

• Washington delivered message, but French said no and that would take possession of Ohio

• Virginia governor sent Washing back to Ohio with new orders

Washington’s First Command

• Sent with militia of 150 men to build fort where Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers meet (modern day Pittsburgh)

• Arrived to find French building Fort Duquesne on that spot

• Built small fort nearby called Fort Necessity

Washington’s First Command• Greatly outnumbered,

Washington attacked a French scouting party

• French surrounded Washington’s soldiers and forced them to surrender, but then later released them

• Washington had his story published and his fame spread through the colonies and was considered a hero who struck the first blow to the French

Albany Plan of Union• Colonial representatives met

in Albany, NY to create a plan to defend themselves against French

• Ben Franklin suggested plan for one general government for 11 of the colonies

• Elected legislature would have power to collect taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade

• None of colonies approved the plan

Beginnings of War

• French and Indian alliances allowed French access and control of St. Lawrence River all the way to New Orleans

• Only colonists were fighting initially

• Britain was shocked at amount of French forts after Washington’s mission

• British appointed General Edward Braddock to drive French out

March on Duquesne- Braddock’s Blunder

• June 1755, Braddock and 1400 red-coats (British soldiers) and small amount of blue-coats (colonist militia)to Fort Duquesne

• Washington was an aide for Braddock

• Washington told Braddock his military style would not work

• July 9, ambushed by French and Indians who were hidden

• Panic• Braddock ordered an orderly

retreat, but was chaos• Braddock killed and lost over

1000 British soldiers• Washington led survivors back

Britain Declares war

• Fight in America caused a war in Europe (Seven Years’ War)

• Alliance with Prussia, declares war on France in 1756

• Prussia fought France in Europe

• Britain fought France in Americas

• Disastrous for British and colonies at first

• Colonies invaded, forts captured, settlers killed, farms burned, forced families to move

William Pitt

• Prime minister• Great military planner• Oversaw war from

London• Decided England would

pay for war instead of trying to get colonists to

• Ran up a huge debt, which colonists would end up paying

Pitt’s war• Wanted more than western

territories• Intended to conquer French

Canada• Sent British troops under

command of Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe

• 1758, troops recaptured British forts

• New England colonists led by British officers captured forts

• Another British force went across Pennsylvania and forced French to abandon Fort Duquesne(main fort) and renamed it Fort Pitt

Fall of New France

• 1759 brought success to the British

• Captured many French islands in the Caribbean, city of Havana in Cuba, a French fleet on way to Canada

• Biggest Victory happened in capital of New France, Quebec

Battle of Quebec

• Quebec sat on a cliff overlooking St. Lawrence River

• Thought to be impossible to attack, James Wolfe found a way

• British found a poorly guarded path to the city and went on this path at night

• Gathered outside the fort at Quebec and in the morning surprised the French army

• James Wolfe died in battle, and the French commander was wounded and died

Treaty of Paris

• After capture of Quebec and Montreal, fighting in America stopped

• Treaty changed political boundaries of America as well as power of Europe in America

• Split North America between Spanish and English

• Native Americans still lived on all this land

France• Some sugar-producing

islands in West IndiesGreat Britain• Canada• All lands east of the

Mississippi

Spain• French lands west of

Mississippi, including Louisiana Terriotory and port of New Orleans

Treaty of Paris

Conflicts with Natives

• British continued to trade with Natives like the French

• Refused to pay the Natives for using the land

• British raised prices on goods being traded to Natives

• Settlers started moving onto the land

Conflicts with Natives Americans

• Pontiac’s War, an organized group of many tribes capturing forts and killing settlers in the frontier of Virginia and Penn.

• Failed to capture major forts and eventually defeated by British

• Peace treaty signed in 1766• Proclamation of 1763 by King

George III stated that land west of App. Mountains was for Indians

• Investors of this land, colonists, grew upset towards England for this

ACTIVITY

• Primary Source Document on “Braddock’s Blunder”

REFLECTION

• Summarize what you have learned about the French and Indian War.

• Who fought in the French and Indian War?• What was the French and Indian War fought over?• What did the Albany Plan of Union demonstrate?• What impact did the French and Indian War have on

Native Americans?• Who won the war?• What impact did the French and Indian war have on

colonists?