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Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functionssoln.notebook 1 April 04, 2017 Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions Section 7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Function with Base 10 and Base e

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Page 1: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions­soln.notebook

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April 04, 2017

Unit 7 Logarithmic FunctionsSection 7.1 ­   Characteristics of Logarithmic Function 

with Base 10 and Base e

Page 2: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions­soln.notebook

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Inverse of a Function: We can determine an inverse by switching the x­ and y in the equation and then solving for y in 

the new equation.  

Note: When we switch the x and the y we essentially switch the domain and range. This results in the graphs being symmetrical with respect to the line y = x

Given the equation, y = x+2, determine its inverse. Graph both equations

Page 3: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Complete the table of values for the exponential function y = 10x, and its inverse x = 10y. Then graph both function and the reflection line y = x.

Original Function: y = 10x  Inverse: x = 10y

State the domain and range of each function. What do you notice?

Page 4: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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The inverse of an exponential function is known as a LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION, which can be written in either form. 

has inverse:

OR                    

(exponential form)

(logarithmic form)

Note: > An exponential function has an x in the exponent while a 

logarithmic function has a y in the exponent.>                      is read "log base b of x"

Page 5: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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y = log10 x

This reads "y equals log base 10 of x", and it means: "what exponent would we have to raise 10 to in order to get x?” or “10 to what exponent will give you x?”

NOTE:  The base of a logarithmic function can be some value other than 10, but 10 is the most common value. When we use the log button on a calculator, it automatically assumes a base of 10. Also, if we write a log equation without writing the base value in (ie. y = log x), then it is automatically assumed that the base is 10. 

That is, log10 x means the same thing as log x.

In general, the inverse of the exponential function y = a(b)x can be written as x = a(b)y, or in logarithmic form as...

y = a log b x 

where b > 0, b ≠1, a ≠ 0, and a and b are real numbers.

Most common type!

Page 6: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Complete the chart comparing exponential function and the logarithmic function

Use the log button on your calculator to try ad find log(­3) and log(0). Can you explain the results?

Page 7: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Recall from last unit: For exponential functions of the form 

• When b > 1, the graph is increasing

• When 0 < b < 1, the graph is decreasing

• a = initial value or the y­intercept 

Page 8: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Examining the Impact of the "a" value on a Logarithmic Function of the form y = a log10 x

When a > 0, the y­ values _________ as the x­values _____________. 

This is an increasing function from Quadrant ____ to Quadrant _____.

Look at the graphs of the following logarithmic functions:

1. y = log x 2. y = 3 log x 3. y = 5 log x

Page 9: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Look at the graphs of the following logarithmic functions:

4. y = log x 5. y = ­ 4 log x 6. y = ­ 6 log x

When a < 0, y­values ____________ as the x­values ______________ 

This is a decreasing function from Quadrant ____ to Quadrant _____

NOTE: Logarithmic functions do not have a y­intercept but do have a restricted domain (i.e., x > 0) and hence a vertical asymptote at x = 0.

Page 10: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Natural Logarithms

Natural logarithms are special case of logs in which the base is "e", where e is a constant, irrational number... e = 2.718281828... (It stands for Euler.)

The constant "e" can be used as the base in an exponential function to give y = a(e)x. The inverse would be x = a(e)y. We can write this in logarithmic form as y = a loge x, or as y = a ln x (this format is the standard one for writing a logarithm with base "e"). A base "e" logarithm is called a natural logarithm.

Thus, when the base of an exponential is "e", the inverse will be the natural logarithm...y = a ln x.

Consider the graphs of       y = ex        and       y = ln x

Page 11: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Comparing the Graphs of y = log10 x and y = ln x

Notice that changing the base of the logarithm from 10 to "e" slightly changes some of the y­values. However, the properties of the graphs are the same. 

Page 12: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Examples

Page 13: Unit 7 Logarithmic Functions - Weeblymsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/55918287/...Section7.1 Characteristics of Logarithmic Functions soln.notebook 7 April 04, 2017 Recall

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Summary: Characteristics of the Graph of the Logarithm function                 

• The x intercept is 1.

• There is no y intercept.

• The y­axis is a vertical asymptote with equation x=0.

• Domain: {x|x > 0, x   R}

• Range: {y|y   R}

•               is equivalent to           , where x > 0 and b > 0, b =1

• b is the base of both the logarithmic exponential functions. 

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