Unit 6: Universe

Lesson 1

Lesson 1 – Earth, Sun and Moon

• Our Sun

Is a star

Made of hot gases called

plasmaLife couldn’t

exist on Earth without the

sun.

Seems bigger because it is

closer to us than other stars

Has no solid

surface

Huge loops of gases=

prominences

Intense, temporary releases of

energy from the sun’s surface =

solar flares

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fusion

• Process by which sun produces heat and light• Major source of energy for Earth

HeliumFusio

n

Hydrogen

An Exothermic Reaction

Earth’s Moon• Has no light of its own

– The light we see is the sunlight reflected off the moon’s surface

• a giant rock in space with almost no atmosphere• rotates, or spins, on its axis while it revolves

(move on a path around an object) around Earth.• Same side of moon always faces Earth.• 1 rotation and 1 revolution are same as Earth

days- each time the Moon revolves around Earth, it also rotates 1 time.

Moon Phases

New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous

Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter Waning Crescent

•Fact: It takes about ___________________ to go through all the phases of the moon.

one month

Tides

• A tide is the or _ in water near the ocean’s shore. Most

coastal areas around the world have two ______ tides and two

____ tides.

• The gravitational force of the ___pulls on everything on

earth, including

• The pull is more noticeable in than in

because the particles in a can move more easily than

the particles in a ____.

rise fall

high

low

moon

its water

liquids solids

liquid

solid

Tides• This causes ocean water to be pulled slightly

from the Earth. But on the side facing opposite the moon, the Earth is pulled slightly away from the so you get high tides in the line of the moon and low tides in between.

away

water

Effects of the Movements of the Earth and Moon

A. Earth on its Axis1. Sun is the center of the

a. Earth and other planets __ around the sun2. Earth rotates on its

a. Axis is an __between the two poles3. 1 rotation = 1 day ( hours)

a. The sun seems to move around the ____________ but it’s actually the Earth that is moving (rotating).

b. When your part of the Earth moves into the _____, you get day then when your part is facing you get night.

c. “a day” (24 hours) and “daytime” (amount of sunlight in a 24 hour period) aren’t the same thing – be careful of confusion.

d. Amount of changes with the

solar system

revolve

axis

imaginary line

24

Earth

Sun’s lightaway

daylight seasons

East West

rise set

toward away

Six (6)

opposite

Earth

ellipseyear

365

seasonstoward

summerwinter

spring fall

http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html

http://www.suntrek.org/earth-beyond/spinning-orbiting-earth/what-causes-seasons/watch-tilt.shtml

http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a63-4-seasons-2

D. Solar Eclipses

1. Happens when the moon blocks the sun’s light from getting to earth

2. Sun is completely blocked from view (total eclipse)

3. Visible to only a small area of Earth4. Happens in the daytime.

Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipses

• Happens when the Earth blocks moon (moon is in Earth’s shadow)

• Moon is completely blocked from view• Visible to a larger area of Earth• Happens at night

Lunar Eclipses