Unit 6 Immunities From National Jurisdiction.pptx

8/17/2019 Unit 6 Immunities From National Jurisdiction.pptx

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Miss E.

Siang’andu

UNIT 6: IMMUNITIES

FROM NATIONAL JURISDICTION


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A) Sovereign (State) Immunity

Origins of t! do"trin! of stat!

i##unit$%ar in &ar!# non a'!t i#&!riu# (

An !)ua* do!s not &oss!ss

autorit$ o+!r an !)ua*,At an Int!r’* *!+!* a** so+!r!igns ar!"onsid!r!d !)ua* - ind!&!nd!nt.

INTRODUCTION


3/35

A Fr!n" na+a* !ss!* &ut into%i*ad!*&ia for r!&airs aft!r a stor#.

T! *i'!**ants sougt &oss!ssion of t!

+!ss!*

C*ai#ing it /as in r!a*it$ t! schoonerExchange0 an A#!ri"an si& /i" t!$

o/n!d - /i" ad '!!n s!i1!d '$Fran"! on ig s!as in 2324 fo**o/ingNa&o*!oni" ord!rs.

Crt ru*!d tat +!ss!* in )u!stion /as

!5"!&t!d fro# Unit!d Stat!s

SCHOONER EXCHANGE VMCFADDEN 7 CRANC8 226 9232,

U.S SU%REME COURT


4/35

Jurisdi"tion of a nation /itin its o/nt!rritor$ is !5"*usi+! and a'so*ut!

;!n +!ss!* ad &ut into %i*ad!*&ia

!ss!*< Fran"! =n!/ tat it ad!nt!r!d for!ign t!rritor$.

%!r#ission to !nt!r for!ign t!rritor$

/as r!)u!st!d - grant!d 9!5&r!ss*i"!n"!,

ESSEL IN >UESTION ;ASE?CE%TED FROM UNITED STATES

JURISDICTION@


5/35

Fr!n" na+a* /as "ond!nt tat t!i##uniti!s '!*onging to Fran"! as anind!&!nd!nt so+!r!ign nation /ou*d '!

!5t!nd!d to t! +!ss!* t!r!for! US"ou*d not and !5!r"is! urisdi"tion o+!rit.

Tis /ou*d "onstitut! an i#&ing!#!nton t! do"trin! of stat! i##unit$.


6/35

T! #uni"i&a* "ourt in)u!stion &oss!ss urisdi"tion

'ut it is 'arr!d fro#!5!r"ising it.

IMMUNITB AS A AR TO JURISDICTION


7/35

Traditiona* do"trin! of stat! i##unit$ /asabsolute in tat i##unit$ atta"!d to a**a"tions of for!ign stat!s.

During 2t

"!ntur$ rais! of industria*isation (stat!s '!"o#! in+o*+!d in #or! "o##!r"ia*a"ti+iti!s *!ading to t! d!+!*o!nt ofr!stri"ti+! i##unit$.

Toda$ do"trin! of a'so*ut! i##unit$ on*$a&&*i!s to !ads of stat!

- !5t!nd!d #!#'!rs of t!ir fa#i*$ tat for#&art of t! ous!o*d.

ASOLUTE - RESTRICTIE T8EORIES OF IMMUNITB


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%rin"i&*! 'asis for urisdi"tion ist!rritoria*.

stat! as autorit$ o+!r &!o&*!0 tings -

a"ti+iti!s /itin o/n t!rritor$.8o/!+!r Int!r’* *a/ r!"ognis!s tat t!r!

ar! "!rtain &!o&*!0 tings - a"ti+iti!s!ntit*!d to i##unit$ fro# t!

!nfor"!#!nt of *o"a* *a/.I##unit$ fro# !nfor"!#!nt

I##unit$ is not fro# t! *a/ its!*f.

ENERAL RULE


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For!ign stat!s - !ads of for!ign stat!s

- di&*o#ats

Ar#!d for"!s of for!ign stat!s

Di&*o#ati" r!&r!s!ntati+!s - "onsu*s offor!ign stat!s

Int!rnationa* Organisations

ENEFICIARIES OF IMMUNITIESFROM NATIONAL JURISDICTION I


10/35

Tatchell v. Mugae 944G, unr!&ort!d "as!

A&&*i"ation for t! arr!st /arrant of&r!sid!nt Muga'!0 !ad of stat! of

Hi#'a'/! /as r!fus!d. Judg! /or=#an !*d:

Int!rnationa* "usto#ar$ *a/ &ro+id!sa'so*ut! i##unit$ to an$ 8!ad of stat!

Not! tis is in r!*ation to &ros!"ution innationa* "ourts.

8EADS OF FOREIN STATES


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Curr!nt 8!ad of stat!s #a$ not a+!i##unit$ fro# &ros!"ution '!for!int!rnationa* tri'una*s i.!. ICC.

An int!rnationa* arr!st /arrant /as issu!d inasent!a '$ a !*gian Judg! for A'du*a$!Ndo#'asi of DRC

A "arg!d /it o!n"!s a#ounting to gra+!

'r!a"!s of s&!!"!s /i" in"it!d ra"ia*atr!d - *!d to #urd!r - !5!"utions.

A /as not in !*giu# /!n /arrant /asissu!d.

ARREST ;ARRANT CASE ( DEMOCRATICRE"#$%&C OF THE CONGO V $E%GM ICJ

RE% 44 %.


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;arrant /as "ir"u*at!d in #ost stat!s in"*ud!dDRC

;!n arr!st /as issu!d /!n A /as DRC for!ignAairs #inist!r

DRA #ad! an a&&*i"ation against "*ai#ing!*giu# *a"=!d urisdi"tion in int!r’* *a/ to issu!a /arrant '!"aus! A ad di&*o#ati" i##unit$ '$

+irtu! of '!ing a for!ign Aairs #inist!rCrt u&!*d DRC i##unit$ "*ai# '$ 2 +ot!s to .

ARREST ;ARRANT CASE


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It is !sta'*is!d in IL - di&*o#ati" - "onsu*arag!nts tat oK "!rs o*ding "!rtain &ostssu" as 8!ad of Stat!s0 8!ad of go+!rn#!nt

- Minist!r of For!ign aairs sa** !no$i##uniti!s fro# urisdi"tion in ot!r stat!s'ot for "i+i* - "ri#ina*.

I##uniti!s is not grant!d for &!rsona* '!n!t

ut to !nsur! !!"ti+! &!rfor#an"! of t!irfun"tions of '!a*f of t! stat!.

Cas! "on"!rn!d a "urr!nt For!ign Aairs#inist!r "ontrast to "!nochet.

COURT’S REASONIN


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;i*st "urr!nt - for#!r 8!ads of stat!s 98OS, ors!nior go+t. oK "!rs su" as for!ign Aairs#inist!r #a$ a+! &!rsona* or fun"tiona*i##unit$ fro# &ros!"ution in do#!sti" Crts

Su" &!rson do not a+! i##unit$ fro#&ros!"ution '!for! t! ICC or ot!r int!r’*tri'una*s

i.! &ros!"ution of %r!sid!nt Mi*os!+i" '!for! ICTB

s!! Mi*os!+i" 9IT42G, oso+o0 Croatia - osniaICC issu!d an arr!st /arrant against "urr!nt

Sudan!s! %r!sid!nt A*asir for "ri#!s in Darfur.


15/35

%ino"!t o+!rtr!/ Ci*!an &r!sid!ntA**!nd!

%ino"!t '!"o#! 8OS of Ci*! unti*

24 /!n ! r!sign!d.

23 /i*st +isiting U for #!di"a*tr!at#!nt

S&ain r!)u!st!d for !5tradition of%ino"!t so ! "ou*d fa"! "arg!s oftortur! - "ons&ira"$ to tortur!.

R O; STREET METRO%OLITANSTI%ENDIARB MAISTRATES0 E? %ARTE

%INOC8ET 2 ALL ER 7.


16/35

For#!r 8OS as *i#it!dfun"tiona* i##unit$ 9ration!

#at!ria!, fro# &ros!"ution.Cas! a*so "onr#!d tat"urr!nt 8OS a+! "o#&*!t!

i##unit$ fro# "ri#ina*&ros!"ution.PR!ad t! %ino"!t d!"ision.

%INOC8ET COURT


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i!nna Con+!"tion on Di&*o#ati"R!*ations 262 9CDR,

O*d!st &rin"i&*! of Int!rnationa* *a/.

Mi5tur! of "odi"ation of "usto#ar$int!r’* *a/ - &rogr!ssi+! d!+!*o!nt.

Ent!r!d into for"! A&ri* 26G.

No rigt to di&*o#ati" r!*ationsR!*ations !5ist 'as!d on "ons!nt.

. DI%LOMATIC IMMUNITB


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Extra – Territorial Justi"ation (di&*o#ats ar! an !5tin"tion of astat! /!r! t!$ "o#! fro#.

Tus 8o#!s - oK"!s of di&*o#ati"sta "onsid!r!d as outsid! t!"ountr$.

T8EORIES OF DI%LOMATICIMMUNITB


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Di&*o#ats &!rsoni!s t!&!rson tat as so+!r!ign

i##unit$ s&i** o+!r i##unit$ fro#

so+!r!ign stat! to &!rson

RE%RESENTATIONAL


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Fun"tiona* #od!* is in"or&orat!d in t! &r!a#'*!to t! i!nna Con+!ntion 262.

Real!s!ng that the 'ur'ose o( such 'r!v!leges an)!**un!t!es !s not to ene+ t !n)!v!)uals ut toensure the e, c!ent 'er(or*ance o( the (unct!onso( )!'lo*at!c *!ss!ons as re'resent!ng states.

I##unit$ is r!)uir!d to a**o/ di&*o#ats to&!rfor# duti!s tat a+! to '! &!rfor#!d on

'!a*f of stat!s &ri+i*!g!s - i##uniti!s atta"!d to di&*o#ats

ar! n!"!ssar$ to !na'*! t!# &!rfor# t!irdi&*o#ati" fun"tions.

FUNCTIONAL


21/35

Esta'*is#!nt of di&*o#ati" r!*ations /i" as to '!don! '$ #utua* "ons!nt Arti"*! CDR

Fun"tions of di&*o#ati" #ission arti"*!

1. Representation r!&r!s!nting t! s!nding stat!@

. %rot!"tion ( s!nding stat!’s int!r!sts - its nationa*sin t! r!"!i+ing stat!.

. N!gotiation ( n!gotiating /it t! r!"!i+ing stat!@

G. Int!**ig!n"! gat!ring ( in t! r!"!i+ing stat!0 so*ong as tis is don! in a""ordan"! /it t! *a/ -@

. %ro#oting fri!nd*$ r!*ations ( '!t/!!n t! s!ndingand t! r!"!i+ing stat! and d!+!*o&ing t!ir!"ono#i"0 "u*tura* and s"i!nti" r!*ations.

CDR 262


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• Art 3 #!#'!rs of di&*o#ati" sta #ust'! t! nationa*it$ of s!nding stat!

• %!rsons of t! r!"!i+ing stat!’s

nationa*it$ #a$ not '! a&&oint!d!5"!&t /it "ons!nt.

• R!"!i+ing stat! #a$ a #!#'!r

•

Or #a$ d!"id! to r!"a** t!#• No n!!d for !5&*anation ( arti"*! .

CDR 262


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• Li#its to si1! of a di&*o#ati" #ission i#&os!d'$ r!"!i+ing stat! ( art 22 C

•

In+io*a'i*it$ of di&*o#ati" #ission ( arti"*! C

• %r!#is!s is Sa"r!d0 ag!nts of r!"!i+ing stat!s#a$ not !nt!r !5"!&t /it "ons!nt.

•

R!"!i+ing stat! und!r a dut$ to &rot!"t t!&r!#is!s of t! #ission.

• In+io*a'i*it$ of furnisings0 do"u#!nts0 !t".art G C


24/35

• %ro+isions of fa"i*iti!s ( art C

• R!"!i+ing stat! #ust a""ord fu**

fa"i*iti!s for t! &!rfor#an"! of t!&ur&os!s of t! #ission.

• U.S. di&*o#ati" and "onsu*ar stain T!ran 9Iran 8ostag!s Cas!,234 ICJ R!&

U S DI%LOMATIC AND CONSULAR


25/35

No+ G0 27 undr!ds of Iranian stud!nts -ot!r d!#onstrators too= &oss!ssion of t!US E#'ass$ in T!ran '$ for"!.

;!r! &rot!sting against U.S Qs a"tion ingranting ad#ission for #!di"a* tr!at#!nt toU.S of a oust!d sa of Iran

Iranian s!"urit$ n!+!r o&&os!d t!d!#onstrators

D!#onstrators o""u&i!d t! &r!#is!s

S!i1!d ar"i+!s - do"u#!nts

Continu!d to o*d U.S. nationa*s.

U.S. DI%LOMATIC AND CONSULARSTAFF IN TE8RAN 9IRAN 8OSTAES,

CASE 234 ICJ RE%


26/35

Crt ru*!d Iran ad +io*at!d o'*igations o/!d toU.S und!r int!rnationa* tr!ati!s

Iran /as ord!r!d to r!*!as! t! ostag!s

- r!turn t! &r!#is!s0 do"u#!nts !t" to U.SIran /as und!r an o'*igation to #a=!r!&arations.

Iran d!"*in!d to &arti"i&at! in &ro"!!ding

T!r!for! did not "o#&*$ /it "rt’s udg!#!nt8ostag!s /!r! na**$ r!*!as!d in Januar$232 as a r!su*t of a s!tt*!#!nt /it U.S.

IRAN 8OSTAES CASE


27/35

In+io*a'i*it$ of Di&*o#ati" ag: art 7 C

R!"!i+ing stat! und!r an o'*igation to a**o/ -&rot!"t fr!!do# of "o##uni"ation for #ission

- stat!s tat t! oK"ia* "orr!s&ond!n"! oft! #ission sa** '! in+io*a'*!.

Di&*o#ati" 'ag sa** not '! o&!n!d or

d!tain!d 9%aragra& ,.

IENNA CONENTION ONDI%LOMATIC RELATIONS


28/35

No indi"ation as to /at "onstitut!s adi&*o#ati" 'ag

%ra"ti"! it rang!s s#a** &a"=ag!s to

"o**!"tion of "rat!s.A**!gations of us! of Di& ags to s#ugg*!

drugs - /!a&ons.

In 26G a "rat! "*ai#ing to '! an Eg$&tian

Di& ag /as o&!n!d at Ro#! air&ort - insid!/as found a 'ound - drugg!d Isra!*i.

INIOLAILITB OF DI%LOMATIC A:ART 7 C CONT.


29/35

In 23G for#!r Nig!rian #inist!r /as =idna&&!d inLondon - &*a"!d in a "rat!.

Crat! /as ta=!n to Stanst!d air&ort '$ a Nig!riandi&*o#at

ut sin"! "rat! did not "ontain an$ !5t!rna*di&*o#ati" #ar=ings

It /as o&!n!d - Mr Di==o /as r!*!as!d.

!n!ra* ru*!


30/35

In+io*a'i*it$ of di&*o#ati" ag!nts ( art C

Cannot '! arr!st!d or d!tain!d

- ar! to '! tr!at!d /it r!s&!"t.

Art 2 Di&*o#ati" ag!nts !no$ "ri#ina*0"i+i* - ad#inistrati+! i##unit$ !5"!&t ifag!nt is a"ting in &ri+at! "a&a"it$

M!aning of di&*o#ati" ag!nt ( arti"*! 29, C

( !no$ a'so*ut! i##unit$ /i" a&&*i!s tofa#i*$ 9ous!o*d,.

I##unit$ "an '! /ai+!d '$ s!nding stat! (art C

Lo"a* *a/ /i** a&&*$.

IENNA CONENTION 262 CONT

ART 7 %RIILEES AND IMMUNITB ENJOBED


31/35

On*$ a+! i##unit$ in r!*ation to t!ir dut$.

Not! di!r!n"!s '!t/!!n i##unit$ of di&*o#ati"ag!nts - s!r+i"! sta .

Fa#i*$ #!#'!r - s!r+i"! sta sa** !no$ i##uniti!s

if t!$ ar! not nationa*s or &!r#an!nt r!sid!nts inr!"!i+ing stat!

I##unit$ fro# "i+i* - ad#inistrati+! urisdi"tion ofr!"!i+ing stat! do!s not !5t!nd to a"ts &!rfor#!doutsid! t! s"o&! of t!ir duti!s.

I#&*i!s tat &ossi'*! t! t!# to '! d!tain!d or arr!st!d un*i=!

di&*o#ati" ag!nts.

Not! arts a&&*i!s to di&*o#ati" ag!nts to

ART 7 %RIILEES AND IMMUNITB ENJOBEDB FAMILB MEMERS

SERICE STAFF


32/35

A"t /i" gi+!s !!"t to t! i!nnaCon+!ntion on Di&*o#ati" R!*ations@

to &ro+id! for t! i##uniti!s0 &ri+i*!g!s

and "a&a"iti!s of "!rtain int!rnationa*organisations and &!rsons0

r!&r!s!ntati+!s of ot!r Stat!s att!ndingint!rnationa* "onf!r!n"!s

and of "onsu*ar oK"!rs and "!rtain ot!r&!rsons

Gt Jun!0 26

HAMIA QS A%%ROAC8: DIP!"ATI#I""$%ITIES A%D PRI&IE'ES A#T

(#AP )


33/35

S2 9a, i##uniti!s !5t!nds to "i*dr!n und!r t! ag!of !igt!!n $!ars of a &!rson so !ntit*!d

Ist SC8EDULE 9S!"tion ,

ARTICLES OF T8E IENNA CONENTION 8AIN T8E

FORCE OF LA; IN HAMIAArti"*! 20 220 00G0 7030 ( .

Ist SC8EDULE

nd SC8EDULE INTERNATIONAL ORANISATIONS AND%ERSONS ( a** sorts of organisations in"*ud!d.

DIP!"ATI# I""$%ITIES A%DPRI&IE'ES A#T (#AP )


34/35

R!ad@

Arr!st /arrant Cas! ( D!#o"rati" re'ul!c o( theCongo v $elg!u* I.C.J R!& 44 &.

E5 %art! %ino"!t 2 A** ER 7

8arris Ca&t!r 6ro/n*i! Ca&t!rs 260 27.

T! i!nna "on+!ntion on Di&*o#ati" r!*ations 262.

READINS


35/35

Ma"o i11aro is t! for#!r &r!sid!nt of Fa'*a=istan.During is &r!sid!n"$ it is a**!g!d ! dir!"t!d iss!"urit$ for"!s to d!tain0 tortur! and for"!d todisa&&!ar #or! tan +! undr!d &o*iti"a* o&&on!nts.

Aft!r anding o+!r t! &r!sid!n"$ to is son0 i11arod!"id!s to ta=! a o*ida$ in Li+ingston!0 in Ha#'ia. Agrou& of Fa'*a=istani r!fug!!s in Ha#'ia *!arn ofi11aro’s int!nd!d +isit and s!!= $our ad+i"! on/!t!r ! "ou*d '! &ros!"ut!d und!r Ha#'ia *a/.

Ad+is! t! r!fug!!s

TUTORIAL

Documents

Unit 6 Immunities From National Jurisdiction.pptx