Unit 6- ClassificationUnit 6- Classification Taxonomy-Taxonomy-

The science of The science of describing, naming, & describing, naming, & classifying organismsclassifying organisms

Classification-Classification- Arrangement of Arrangement of

objects into groupsobjects into groups Taxon- Taxon-

Groups into which Groups into which organisms are organisms are classifiedclassified

Why Classify?Why Classify? We classify things We classify things

in everyday lifein everyday life StoresStores SchoolSchool LibraryLibrary

Why Classify?Why Classify? 1. Organization1. Organization 2. Make comparisons2. Make comparisons 3. Name3. Name

Single universally Single universally accepted name accepted name (Latin/Greek)(Latin/Greek)

Common names can Common names can be misleadingbe misleading

Worm? Earthworm, Worm? Earthworm, tapeworm, ringwormtapeworm, ringworm

Sea Horse Sea Horse

AristotleAristotle Plants- Plants-

Based on structureBased on structure 3 groups3 groups

Herbs Herbs Shrubs Shrubs TreesTrees

Animals- Animals- Based on habitatBased on habitat 3 groups3 groups

Land dwellersLand dwellers Water dwellersWater dwellers Air dwellersAir dwellers

Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus Devised system of Devised system of

grouping grouping organisms into organisms into categories categories according to form according to form and structure.and structure.

Had 7 LevelsHad 7 Levels

Levels of ClassificationLevels of Classification DomainDomain KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies

NamingNaming Binomial Nomenclature-Binomial Nomenclature-

Two word scientific nameTwo word scientific name 1st word- genus name, 1st 1st word- genus name, 1st

letter capitalized- letter capitalized- HomoHomo 2nd word- species name, 1st 2nd word- species name, 1st

letter lower case- letter lower case- sapienssapiens Latin/Greek-Latin/Greek-

Human- Human- Homo sapiensHomo sapiens Lion- Lion- Panthera leoPanthera leo House cat- House cat- Felis domesticusFelis domesticus

Human Taxa- groupsHuman Taxa- groups Domain- EukaryaDomain- Eukarya Kingdom- AnimalKingdom- Animal Phylum- ChordataPhylum- Chordata Class- MammaliaClass- Mammalia Order- PrimateOrder- Primate Family- HominidaeFamily- Hominidae Genus- HomoGenus- Homo Species- sapiensSpecies- sapiens

Basis for ClassificationBasis for Classification 1. Homologous 1. Homologous

Structures (p305)Structures (p305) Structures that are Structures that are

similar due to similar due to evolutionary relationships

Common ancestors Penguin flipper & Penguin flipper &

alligator legalligator leg Human arm & bats Human arm & bats

wingwing

Basis For ClassificationBasis For Classification 2. Biochemistry2. Biochemistry

Organisms with Organisms with similar chemical similar chemical make up are make up are classified classified together.together.

Basis For ClassificationBasis For Classification 3. Genetics3. Genetics

Organisms that Organisms that show similarities show similarities in genetic make in genetic make up (DNA) are up (DNA) are grouped together.grouped together.

NoNo Basis for Classification Basis for Classification Analogous Analogous

StructuresStructures Structures that Structures that

are similar due to are similar due to functionfunction

Wing of insect & Wing of insect & wing of birdwing of bird

Leg of grasshopper Leg of grasshopper & leg of cat& leg of cat