Unit 6 a Helathy Life

7/24/2019 Unit 6 a Helathy Life

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Name: …………………………………………………………………………….………….

Class: ………..

School: ………………………………………………………..……………………………..



Bilingual material 6th

level of Primary Education

By MBLS and MACS 1

2. COMPLETE AND BALANCED DIET

Food gives us carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamins.

A diet refers to the food that we eat over a period of time. A

diet must be complete and balanced.

Complete means that we have to eat food from all the

food groups and balanced means that we have to eat the

right uantity of each type of food.

1. HOW TO BE HEALTHY

!t is very important to be healthy. "hen we are

healthy we are very happy because we feel good. #o

be healthy we must:

- eat well

- $eep ourselves clean

- rest at night

- do e%ercise and play sports

2. WHAT IS HEALTH"hen we feel good it means that we are healthy.

#o be healthy, our body should not only function well

physically but also mentally. &oreover, we should have a

good relationship with the people around us.

"e define health as a complete p!"#$cal% mental and

#oc$al de&elopment.

"hen we do not feel well diseases occur. Fever, irritation,

di''iness or pain are symptoms of disease. #hey appear

when we are sic$.





By MBLS and MACS 2

2.1. THE IMPO'TANCE O( P'E)ENTION

"hen we are sic$ we &$#$t t!e docto*, but we

should also have !ealt!" !ab$t#.

#o anticipate disease, we must have healthy habits

such as +ood !"+$ene% *e#t% pla"$n+ #po*t# and

eat$n+ complete and balanced d$et.

(ven if we are healthy we should visit the doctorand be &acc$nated.

Good hygiene

At least 8

hours of rest

Play sports

Have a

complete and

balanced diet

HEALTHY HABITS





By MBLS and MACS 3

2.2. TYPES O( DISEASES"e can classify diseases in different ways:

). #he way diseases manifest themselves and duration:• Ac,te d$#ea#e#: #hey appear uic$ly and last a short time. #he flu and

pharyngitis are acute diseases.

• C!*on$c d$#ea#e#: #hey present little by little and last a long time.

Sometimes they don*t go away.

Flu is anacutedisease

Allergiesare chronicdiseases

+."hy do diseases occur:

• In-ect$o,# d$#ea#e#: #hey are caused by viruses or microbes. #he most

common viruses are bacteria.

• Non$n-ect$o,# d$#ea#e#: #hey are caused by other causes such as

poisoning, accidents, poor nutrition,etc…

Chicken-poxis aninfectiousdisease

Poisoning is anon-infectiousdisease





By MBLS and MACS 4

• #o be healthy, our body should not only function well physically but also

mentally. &oreover, we should have a good relationship with the people

around us.

• "e define health as a complete p!"#$cal% mental and #oc$al

de&elopment.

•

#o anticipate disease, we must have healthy habits as +ood !"+$ene% atlea#t / !o,*# o- *e#t% pla" #po*t# and eat a complete and balanced

d$et.

• "e can classify diseases in different ways:

). #he way diseases manifest themselves

+. #he reason why they appear

-. #he number of people who are affected

-. epending on the number of people who are affected, infectious diseases can be:

• Spo*ad$c d$#ea#e#: #hey affect a few people.

• Ep$dem$c d$#ea#e#: #hey affect a large number of people such as cholera or

the plague.

• Endem$c d$#ea#e#: #hey affect an area or region.







By MBLS and MACS 6

1 .2isten, read, complete and learn

T$p# to P*e&ent c!$ld*en -*om catc!$n+ t!e (l,.

). ………………. your hands freuently

+. 3eep your ………………… out of your nose, eyes and mouth, as …………………

are freuently spread in this manner.

-. ………………… into a tissue, and discard it immediately after each use.

1. 3eep out of ………………… environments whenever possible.

4. Avoid ………………… people.

5. 6eriodically ………………… windows in the home during………………… season to

allow fresh air to circulate.

.1. ALCOHOL

Alcohol consumption is widespread in our society. !t is a *$#3 to o,* !ealt!.

6eople consume alco!ol b" d*$n3$n+ alcoholic beverages.

Alcohol enters the blood through the digestive system and then *eac!e# t!e

blood.

epending on the amount of alcohol people consume, they lo#e *e-le4e# o*

&$#$on, t!e cont*ol o- t!e$* act$on# or can even d$e.

Alcohol abuse leads to a c!*on$c d$#ea#e called alco!ol$#m. #his can cause

dama+e in our l$&e*% o,* ne*&o,# #"#tem and can !,*t pe*#onal*elat$on#!$p#.

Parts of our body thatcan be damaged byalcohol





By MBLS and MACS 7

.2. TOBACCO

T!e mo#t !a*m-,l !ab$t to our health is the

consumption of tobacco.

!t leads to a c!*on$c !ab$t called #mo3$n+.

Smo$ing dama+e# t!e *e#p$*ato*" and c$*c,lato*"

#"#tem#. &oreover, it causes l,n+ cance*.

Pa##$&e #mo3e*# are people who inhale tobacco when

they are around people who smo$e. #hey may suffer from

the same diseases as smo$ers.

.. D'05S

rugs are substances that alte* t!e b*a$n -,nct$on%

mood and be!a&$o,* of people.#here are numerous types of drugs that cause various

effects. Alcohol and tobacco are drugs. 7thers are cocaine,

heroine, mari8uana, pills,...All of them are !a*m-,l to

!ealt!. #hey can even cause death. Also they affect

personal relationships in a negative way.

People who ta$e drugs are dependant on t!em.





By MBLS and MACS 8

ACTI)ITIES

4. 0ead and write true or false9# or F:

a. Alcohol is not a ris$ for our health.

b. Alcohol abuse leads to a chronic disease called alcoholism.

c. Smo$ing damages the respiratory and digestive systems.

People must respect traffic policeand traffic rules.

• Consuming alcohol, tobacco and drugs can damage our bodies.

• #raffic accidents are the cause of numerous $n6,*$e# and deat!. #o avoid

these, drivers and pedestrians must obe" t!e *,le# o- t!e *oad.

.7. T'A((IC ACCIDENTS

#raffic accidents are the cause ofnumerous $n6,*$e# and deat!. #o avoid

these, drivers must obe" t!e *,le# o-

t!e *oad.

D*$&e*# must:

- 0espect speed limits.

- 0espect the safety distance

between other cars.

- "ear seatbelts.

- ;se a car seat for children.

Pede#t*$an# must also obey traffic

rules.





By MBLS and MACS 9

d. 6assive smo$ers do not inhale tobacco.

e. Smo$ing causes lung cancer.

f. rugs alter brain function.

g. 6eople who ta$e drugs aren*t dependant on them.

h. #raffic accidents are the cause of numerous in8uries and death.

i. 7nly drivers must obey the rules of traffic.

5. Now, correct the false sentences from the previous activity.

<. #o avoid accidents, people should respect traffic rules. &atch the picture

with the rule.

="(A0 A >(2&(#=

=7N*# 0!N3 AN 0!?(=

=0(S6(C# 672!C(&AN=

=C07SS #>( 07A ">(N #>( 6((S#0!AN2!@>#S A0( @0((N=

=0(S6(C# #>( SAF(# !S#ANC(=

="(A0 A S(A#B(2# AN ;S(CA0 S(A#S F70 C>!20(N=

/. rugs, alcohol and tobacco can damage some organs in our bodies.

Complete the chart:

1

2

8

7

9

BRA!" #$%R" &%AR'" #(!)* !%R$+(* *,*'%" R%*PRA'+R, *,*'%"

CRC(#A'+R, *,*'% A! )%*'$% *,*'%





By MBLS and MACS 10

. "atch this video and comment on the ris$s to your health if you drin$

alcohol.&a$e notes.

http/00111.youtube.com01atch234PA5go6+7p6

)D. 2isten and say true or false.

). …………………….

+. …………………….

-. …………………….

1. …………………….

4. …………………….

5. …………………….

<. …………………….

/. …………………….

0NHEALTHY HABITS DAMA5ED O'5ANS DAMA5ED SYSTEMS

'+BACC+

R()*

A#C+&+#





By MBLS and MACS 11

)). 0ead and answer.

"hatEs in acigarette

Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 4,000chemicals in the form of gases, particles or both. When youinhale cigarette smoke, dozens of harmful substances enter

your lungs and spread through your body. They can reachyour brain, heart and other organs within 10 seconds of thefirst puff. They includeNICOTINE ! an addicti"e drug and a toxin that narrowsyour "eins and arteries. #icotine raises your blood pressureand damages your heart by forcing it to pump faster andwork harder. $t also affects your appetite. CARBON MONOXIDE ! a gas that robs your heart of theoxygen it needs as fuel to pump blood around your body.%"er time, your airways swell up and let less air into yourlungs.TAR ! clogs your lungs and contains many dangerouschemicals that can cause cancer.FINE PARTICLES ! can irritate your throat and lungs,cause &smoker's cough', make you produce more mucusand damage lung tissue.

>ow else cansmo$ing harmyour health

CANCER ! smoking is widely recognised as causing lung cancer, but it also increases the risk of cancer of the lips, tongue,mouth, nose, oesophagus, pharynx, larynx, pancreas, bladder, cer"ix, "ul"a, penis and anus. %ther cancers (of the stomach,kidney, li"er and blood) ha"e also been linked to smoking.DIABETES ! smoking worsens some of the health complications caused by type 1, or insulin*dependent diabetes. +mokingraises the blood sugar le"el, making it harder to control the high blood sugar le"els caused by diabetes.INFECTIONS ! bacteria and "iruses can more easily enter and take hold in your body because smoking damages the lining ofyour throat and lungs and weakens your immune system.

BREATHING PROBLEMS ! in the long term, you are more likely to ha"e some degree of emphysema,a disease that causes progressi"e shortness of breath, as smoking cuts the amount of oxygen able tobe carried from the air into your blood. s a smoker you will be more prone to asthma attacks becausesmoking narrows your airways.AGEING ! you will look prematurely aged, as wrinkles appear around your eyes and mouth sooner anddeeper than in non*smokers. woman who smokes tends to reach menopause one or two years earlierthan a non*smoker because smoking reduces the amount of estrogen in her body. +he is also morelikely to de"elop osteoporosis ! the weakening of the bones that accompanies ageing.

Text from http--www.health.go".au-





By MBLS and MACS 12

7.1. TYPES O( IN(ECTIO0S DISEASES!nfectious diseases or infections have different names

depending on the infectious agent:

• Bacte*$al $n-ect$on#: #hey are caused by bacteria.

6neumonia, tetanus or salmonerosis are bacterialinfections.

• M"co#$#: #hey are caused by fungus such as athlete*s

foot.

• Pa*a#$to#$#: #hey are diseases caused by proto'oa such

as malaria, intestinal worms or fleas.

• )$*al $n-ect$on#: #hey are caused by viruses such as the

flu, chic$enpo% or Aids.





By MBLS and MACS 13

7.2. T'ANSMISSION O( IN(ECTIONS

A person acuires an infectious disease by be$n+ $n

contact :$t! t!e $n-ect$o,# a+ent. Sometimes the person

infected transmits the infection to others. !n this case, we are

tal$ing about contagious diseases.

@erms can enter our body in various ways:

• From wounds that are not properly disinfected.

• From contaminated water.

• From contaminated food.

• From the air we breathe.

•

From the bites of insects.

!F%C'+!* CA!B% 'RA!*''%

'&R+()&...

Wounds that are not

properly desinfected

Contaminated water

Contaminated food

The air we breathe

The bites of insects





By MBLS and MACS 14

7.. P'E)ENTION O( IN(ECTIONS

#o prevent infectious diseases, the most effective is to

p*e&ent t*an#m$##$on.#o do this we must adopt !"+$en$c !ab$t#:

• "ash our hands and food before eating.

• Coo$ food properly to avoid eating it raw.

• rin$ only drin$ing=water.

• Be careful with pets. #a$e them to the vet regularly.

• Clean and disinfect wounds.

• 3eep our homes clean.

• Avoid sharing cups, spoons, for$s,…

• on*t wal$ barefoot in damp places such as around

swimming=pools.

• !nfectious diseases or infections have different names depending on the

infectious agent: bacterial infections, mycosis, parasitosis and viral

infections.

• A person acuires an infectious disease by com$n+ to contact :$t! t!e

$n-ect$o,# a+ent. @erms can enter our body in various ways: #hrough

wounds that are not properly disinfected, contaminated water, contaminated

food, the air we breathe and the bites of insects.

• #o prevent infectious diseases, the most effective way is to p*e&ent

t*an#m$#$on. #o do this we must adopt !"+$en$c !ab$t#.





By MBLS and MACS 15

ACTI)ITIES

)+. "rite the hygienic habits to prevent infections under each picture.

)-. "hat about you. o you prevent transmission

DO YO0... YES% I DO NO% I DONT SOMETIMES

wash your hands and foodbefore eating

coo$ food properly toavoid eating it raw

drin$ only drin$ing=water

2oo$ after your pets. #a$ethem to the vet

clean and disinfectwounds

$eep your homes clean

avoid sharing cups,spoons, for$s,…

)1. Answer these uestions.

a. >ow can germs enter our body

b. "rite at least three hygienic habits to prevent the transmission ofinfections

c. Can a person transmit the infections to others

1 2 3 4

5 6 7





By MBLS and MACS 16

d. "hat type of infectious disease is caused by...

- a virus

- a proto'oa

- a fungus

- a bacteria

)4. Find infectious diseases and agents.

9.1. MEDICINE

"hen we get sic$ we are helped by medicine.

MEDICINE

&edicines are substances that p*e&ent% m$t$+ate and

c,*e d$#ea#e#.

&any of them have been derived -*om plant# and

an$mal#. Ot!e*# have been c*eated $n labo*ato*$e#.

#he doctor advises us which medicine is the best for us.





By MBLS and MACS 17

9.2. )ACCINES?accines are d*,+# that are given to people to p*otect

t!em -*om $n-ect$o,# d$#ea#e#.

From birth through adolescence, all children should be

vaccinated following the &acc$ne #c!ed,le.

9.. ANTIBIOTICSAnt$b$ot$c# are effective against infectious diseases

because they are to4$c to bacte*$a.

Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, fungi and

proto'oa.

#hey are not effective if we abuse them.

9.7. S0'5E'YSome diseases, such as apendicitis or a bro$en bone

do not respond well to medication. Surgery is necessary.

Nowadays #,*+e*$e# are pe*-o*med :$t! ad&anced

came*a# and $n#t*,ment# which are inserted through small

holes that heal easily. #his is called $eyhole surgery.

#hus patients recover more easily and need to stay for less

time in hospital.

9.9. O'5ANS T'ANSPLANTS

An organ transplant consists of *eplac$n+ o*+an#

t!at a*e dama+ed :$t! ot!e* !ealt!" o*+an#.

Currently organs such as the heart, liver or $idney can be

transplanted. &ost organs come from people who have died

and have donated their organs. #hey are called dono*#.

Spain is the country with the highest number

of donors, but we need more of them.





By MBLS and MACS 18

ACTI)ITIES

)5. 0ead and match.

• &edicines are substances that p*e&ent% m$t$+ate and c,*e d$#ea#e#.

• &any of them have been derived -*om plant# and an$mal#. Ot!e*# have

been c*eated $n labo*ato*$e#.

• ?accines are d*,+# that are given to people to p*otect t!em -*om

$n-ect$o,# d$#ea#e#.

• Ant$b$ot$c# are effective against infectious diseases because they are to4$c

to bacte*$a.

• Some diseases, such as apendicitis or a bro$en bone do not respond well to

medication. Surgery is necessary. Nowadays #,*+e*$e# are pe*-o*med

:$t! ad&enced came*a# and $n#t*,ment#.

&(!C!N(

?ACC!N(S

AN#!B!7#!CS

S;0@(0

70@AN#0ANS62AN#S

Are d*,+# that are given to people top*otect t!em -*om $n-ect$o,# d$#ea#e#.

Consists of *eplac$n+ o*+an# t!at a*edama+ed :$t! ot!e* !ealt!" o*+an#.

!s pe*-o*med :$t! ad&enced came*a# and

$n#t*,ment#

Are effective against infectious diseasesbecause they are to4$c to bacte*$a.

Are substances that p*e&ent% m$t$+ate andc,*e d$#ea#e.





By MBLS and MACS 19

)<. 0ead and write the treatment.

= octors advise us about what is best for us:

= #hey are to%ic to bacteria:

= Spain is the country with the highest number

them:

= From birth through adolescence, all children should follow the

schedule:

= #hey are not effective against viruses:

= #han$s to it patients recover more easily and need to stay for less time in

hospital:

)/. 0ead and order the following sentences.

). Solve this crossword.

1

2

3 4

5

6

7 8

9

10 11

12

EclipseCrossword.com





By MBLS and MACS 20

Ac*o##

-. A disease that affects a large number of people such as cholera or plague.5. A person who donates organs

. "hen we feel good we feel...)D. A diet where we eat the right uantity of echa type of food)+. Some people are dependant on them

Do:n

). an infectious disease+. A chronic disease that causes damage in our liver, nervous system and personal relationships1. Substances that prevent, mitigate and cure diseases.4. a person who drives<. #he most harmful habit to our health

/. An infectious disease causes by fungus)). #ype of disease that appears uic$ly and lasts a short time.

+D. o a pro8ect. "A22C>A0#

Ma3$n+ "o,* o:n :allc!a*t% #tep# to be -ollo:ed;

). "or$ in groups of +, - or 1 students

+. &a$e a wallchart about the unit

-. Choose a topic: Alcohol, tobacco, diseases, healthy habits…

1. Find images, pictures and draw

4. "rite the main facts

5. ecorate your wallchart

<. 6resent your pro8ect to the class in (nglish





By MBLS and MACS 21

+)."hat can you do &ar$ .

>ealth: !nfectious diseases: Safety distance:isease: Non= infectious diseases: Seatbelt:

6hysical development: Sporadic diseases: rivers:&ental development: (pidemic diseases: 6edestrian:Social development: (ndemic diseases: Bacterial infections:

Fever: (ndemic diseases: "ounds:!rritation: Alcoholism: Bites of insects:i''iness: amages: #reatment:

6ain: liver &edicine:Symptoms: Smo$er: #o 6revent:

Sic$: 6assive smo$er:>ealthy habits: &edicine: &itigate:@ood hygiene: rugs: Cure:

#o rest: !n8ury: ?accines:6laying sports: eath: Antibiotics:Be vaccinated: #raffic rules: Surgery:Acute diseases: >armful habits: 7rgan transplants:

Chronic diseases: Speed limits:

Do you recognize and understand soe ora! e"#ressions$te"ts and %ords re!ated to t&e di''erent &ea!t&y &a(itsand diseases) G0econoces algunas palabras y e%presionesorales relacionadas con los diferentes hHbitos saludables yenfermedades

Can you read in'oration a(out &ea!t& and diseases andunderstand t&e ost i#ortant in'oration)G6uedes leer informaciIn sobre la salud y las enfermedades ycomprender la informaciIn mHs relevante Can you ta!* a(out diseases and t&e (est %ays to #re+ent

t&e)G6uedes hablar sobre las enfermedades y las me8ores formaspara prevenirlas Do you ta!* to your c!assates a(out diseases and&ea!t&y &a(its)G>ablas con tus compaJerosKas acerca de enfermedades yhHbitos saludables Can you do #ro,ects a(out diseases or &ea!t&y &a(its)G6uedes escribir y reali'ar proyectos sobre enfermedades yhHbitos alimenticios

>ello, my friendsLL 0eadand write a cross.





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Unit 6 a Helathy Life