Unit 5: Part A Prison Studies 21st Century College English: Book 4

Unit 5: Part AUnit 5: Part AUnit 5: Part AUnit 5: Part A

Prison Studies

21st Century College English: Book 421st Century College English: Book 4

• Pre-Reading Activities

• Text A: Language Points

• Exercises

• AssignmentAssignment

Unit 5: Part AUnit 5: Part A

Prison studiesPrison studies

Pre-Reading ActivitiesPre-Reading Activities

• Preview

• Pre-Reading Listening

Reading can be so many things:work or joy, reality or escape, Reading can be so many things:work or joy, reality or escape, obligation or opportunity. In this unit, three very different autobligation or opportunity. In this unit, three very different authors reflect on how the act of reading has profoundly changed hors reflect on how the act of reading has profoundly changed their lives for the better. In Text A, political activist Malcolm their lives for the better. In Text A, political activist Malcolm X remembers how his “Prison Studies”gave him a truly deep lX remembers how his “Prison Studies”gave him a truly deep love of learning and a better opportunity to develop intellectualove of learning and a better opportunity to develop intellectually than any school could have. Text B, “reading for life”, disculy than any school could have. Text B, “reading for life”, discuss the many benefits of reading, from simple pleasure to helpinss the many benefits of reading, from simple pleasure to helping one make the most of one’s career opportunities. Finally, in g one make the most of one’s career opportunities. Finally, in “Moon on a Silver Spoon “, Eudora Welty describes the intens“Moon on a Silver Spoon “, Eudora Welty describes the intense childhood love of books, language, storytelling that would leae childhood love of books, language, storytelling that would lead her to become one of the most noted writers of America soutd her to become one of the most noted writers of America south.h.

Pre-Reading ActivitiesPre-Reading Activities

PreviewPreview

Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following wBefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words. Then listen to the tape again and answer the following quesords. Then listen to the tape again and answer the following questions.tions.

dropout 退学生 deal 待遇

Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading Activities

Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

1.1. Which of the following is true of Malcolm X’s education? Which of the following is true of Malcolm X’s education?

A)A) He had a degree from a good college. He had a degree from a good college.

B)B) He left school at an early age. He left school at an early age.

C)C) He did not attend school because he was He did not attend school because he was criminal. criminal.

D)D) He wishes he could have gone to college He wishes he could have gone to college instead of instead of prison.prison.

1.1. Which of the following is true of Malcolm X’s education? Which of the following is true of Malcolm X’s education?

A)A) He had a degree from a good college. He had a degree from a good college.

B)B) He left school at an early age. He left school at an early age.

C)C) He did not attend school because he was He did not attend school because he was criminal. criminal.

D)D) He wishes he could have gone to college He wishes he could have gone to college instead of instead of prison.prison.


2.2. What was Malcolm X’s motivation to educate himself in What was Malcolm X’s motivation to educate himself in prison? prison?

A)A) To be able to converse and debate well. To be able to converse and debate well.

B)B) To impress the prison authorities. To impress the prison authorities.

C)C) To help other black Americans. To help other black Americans.

D)D) To get a better job when he got out.To get a better job when he got out.

2.2. What was Malcolm X’s motivation to educate himself in What was Malcolm X’s motivation to educate himself in prison? prison?

A)A) To be able to converse and debate well.To be able to converse and debate well.

B)B) To impress the prison authorities. To impress the prison authorities.

C)C) To help other black Americans. To help other black Americans.

D)D) To get a better job when he got out.To get a better job when he got out.


3.3. How did Malcolm X begin to study? How did Malcolm X begin to study?

A)A) By reading books he knew from high schoolBy reading books he knew from high school

B)B) By talking and debating with other prisonersBy talking and debating with other prisoners

C)C) By copying the dictionary manuallyBy copying the dictionary manually

D)D) By taking a course called “Prison Studies.”By taking a course called “Prison Studies.”


3.3. How did Malcolm X begin to study? How did Malcolm X begin to study?

A)A) By reading books he knew from high schoolBy reading books he knew from high school

B)B) By talking and debating with other prisonersBy talking and debating with other prisoners

C)C) By copying the dictionary manuallyBy copying the dictionary manually

D)D) By taking a course called “Prison Studies.”By taking a course called “Prison Studies.”

4.4. Which of the following best expresses Malcolm X’s Which of the following best expresses Malcolm X’s attitude towards reading? attitude towards reading?

A)A) He liked it because he learned many He liked it because he learned many important important facts. facts.

B)B) He loved it because it made him more He loved it because it made him more knowledgeable and mentally alive. knowledgeable and mentally alive.

C)C) He saw it as a tool to advance himself in He saw it as a tool to advance himself in society. society.

D)D) He found it difficult because his language He found it difficult because his language skills skills “were a mess.”“were a mess.” ..


4.4. Which of the following best expresses Malcolm X’s Which of the following best expresses Malcolm X’s attitude towards reading? attitude towards reading?

A)A) He liked it because he learned many He liked it because he learned many important important facts. facts.

B)B) He loved it because it made him more He loved it because it made him more knowledgeable and mentally alive. knowledgeable and mentally alive.

C)C) He saw it as a tool to advance himself in He saw it as a tool to advance himself in society. society.

D)D) He found it difficult because his language He found it difficult because his language skills skills “were a mess.”“were a mess.” ..

ScriptScriptScriptScript


People who hear one of my lectures or see me on television People who hear one of my lectures or see me on television often think that I must have a degree from a good college. They’d often think that I must have a degree from a good college. They’d never guess that I left school when I was 14 years old. This never guess that I left school when I was 14 years old. This impression is entirely due to my prison studies.impression is entirely due to my prison studies.

When I came to jail, my language skills were a mess. I seemed When I came to jail, my language skills were a mess. I seemed every bit the junior high school dropout I was. But I was impressed every bit the junior high school dropout I was. But I was impressed by those prisoners who could converse and debate effectively. I by those prisoners who could converse and debate effectively. I wanted to be like them, but I lacked the reading ability to develop my wanted to be like them, but I lacked the reading ability to develop my range of knowledge.range of knowledge.

I decided to improve myself by studying the dictionary. I was so I decided to improve myself by studying the dictionary. I was so hungry to learn that I copied that entire dictionary over in my own hungry to learn that I copied that entire dictionary over in my own hand. It was long, hard work, but by the end I could read and, for the hand. It was long, hard work, but by the end I could read and, for the first time, really understand what I read. And that opened up a whole first time, really understand what I read. And that opened up a whole new world for me.new world for me.

From that moment on, I read every free minute I had. I became From that moment on, I read every free minute I had. I became the prison library’s number one customer. And once I found my way the prison library’s number one customer. And once I found my way into the world of books, even the prison walls couldn’t really keep into the world of books, even the prison walls couldn’t really keep me from being free. Reading taught me what it means to be mentally me from being free. Reading taught me what it means to be mentally alive, and once I gained that knowledge I could never lose it. And alive, and once I gained that knowledge I could never lose it. And with every book I read, I understood more deeply the need to awaken with every book I read, I understood more deeply the need to awaken other black Americans to the bad deal we’d been getting in the other black Americans to the bad deal we’d been getting in the United States.United States.

I don’t think anyone ever beneficial more from prison than I did. I don’t think anyone ever beneficial more from prison than I did. In fact, I think I learned much more there than I could have if I had In fact, I think I learned much more there than I could have if I had gone to college. Where else could I be able to attack my ignorance gone to college. Where else could I be able to attack my ignorance by studying as much as 15 hours per day. by studying as much as 15 hours per day.

Language PointsLanguage Points

Prison StudiesPrison StudiesPrison StudiesPrison Studies

Text A:

Prison StudiesPrison Studies

Malcolm X

11

Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television, or thos

e who read something I’ve said, will think I went to school far beyond the

eighth grade

. This impression is due entirely to my prison studies.


22 It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi

first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had alwayfirst made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had alway

s s taken charge of any conversation he was in, and I had tried to emulany conversation he was in, and I had tried to emul

ate him. ate him.

But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with l. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with l

ittle idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison ittle idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison

Colony still Colony still going through only book-reading motions. .

Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I did..


33 I saw that the best thing I could do was I saw that the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary — to study, to learn some words. I was lucky enough to reason also that that

I should try to improve my penmanship. It was sad. I couldn’t even I should try to improve my penmanship. It was sad. I couldn’t even

write in a straight line. It was both ideas together that moved me to write in a straight line. It was both ideas together that moved me to

request a dictionary along with some tablets and pencils from the request a dictionary along with some tablets and pencils from the

Norfolk Prison Colony schoolNorfolk Prison Colony school..

44 I spent two days just I spent two days just

thumbing uncertainly through the dictionary’s pages. I’ve never realized so many words existed! I didn’t know which words I needed to learn. Finally, to start some kind of action, I began copying.


55 In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into my In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into my

tablet everything printed on that first page, tablet everything printed on that first page, down to the punctuation

marks.

66 I believe it took me a day. Then, aloud, I read back, to myself, I believe it took me a day. Then, aloud, I read back, to myself,

everything I’ve written on the tablet. Over and over, aloud, to everything I’ve written on the tablet. Over and over, aloud, to

myself, I read my own handwriting.myself, I read my own handwriting.


77 I woke up the next morning, thinking about those words — I woke up the next morning, thinking about those words —

immensely proud to realize that not only had I written so much at immensely proud to realize that not only had I written so much at

one time, but I’ve written words that I never knew were in the world. one time, but I’ve written words that I never knew were in the world.

Moreover, with a little effort, I also could remember what many of Moreover, with a little effort, I also could remember what many of

these words meant. I reviewed the words whose meanings I didn’t these words meant. I reviewed the words whose meanings I didn’t

remember. Funny thing, from the dictionary’s first page right now, remember. Funny thing, from the dictionary’s first page right now,

that “aardvark” that “aardvark” springs to my mind. The dictionary had a picture of it, a long-tailed, long-eared, burrowing African mammal, which lives off termites caught by sticking out its tongue as an anteater does for ants.


88 I was so fascinated that I went on — I copied the dictionary’s I was so fascinated that I went on — I copied the dictionary’s

next page. And the same experience came when I studied that. With next page. And the same experience came when I studied that. With

every succeeding page, I also learned of people and places and every succeeding page, I also learned of people and places and

events from history. Actually the dictionary is like a miniature events from history. Actually the dictionary is like a miniature

encyclopedia. Finally the dictionary’s A section had filled a whole encyclopedia. Finally the dictionary’s A section had filled a whole

tablet — and I went on into the B’s. That was the way I started tablet — and I went on into the B’s. That was the way I started

copying what eventually became the entire dictionary. I went a lot copying what eventually became the entire dictionary. I went a lot

faster after so much practice helped me to faster after so much practice helped me to pick up handwriting speed. Between what I wrote in my tablet, and writing letters, during the rest of my time in prison I would guess I wrote a million words.


99 I suppose it was inevitable that as my word-base broadened, I I suppose it was inevitable that as my word-base broadened, I

could for the first time pick up a book and read and now begin to could for the first time pick up a book and read and now begin to

understand what the book was saying. Anyone who has read a great understand what the book was saying. Anyone who has read a great

deal can imagine the new world that opened. Let me tell you deal can imagine the new world that opened. Let me tell you

something; from then until I left that prison, in every free moment I something; from then until I left that prison, in every free moment I

had, if I was not reading in the library, I was reading on my bunk. had, if I was not reading in the library, I was reading on my bunk.

You couldn’t have got me out of books with a wedge. Between Mr.

Muhammad’s teachings, my correspondence, my visitors, and my

reading of books, months passed without my even thinking about being

imprisoned. In fact, up to then, I never had been so truly free in my life...


1010 As you can imagine, especially in a prison where there was As you can imagine, especially in a prison where there was

heavy emphasis on rehabilitation, an inmate was heavy emphasis on rehabilitation, an inmate was smiled upon if he

demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books. There was a sizable

number of well-read inmates, especially the popular debaters. Some

were said by many to be practically walking encyclopedias. They were

almost celebrities. No university would ask any student to devour

literature as I did when this new world opened to me, of being able to

read and understand.


1111 I read more in my room than in the library itself. An inmate who I read more in my room than in the library itself. An inmate who

was known to read a lot could check out more than the permitted was known to read a lot could check out more than the permitted

maximum number of books. I preferred reading in the total isolation maximum number of books. I preferred reading in the total isolation

of my own room.of my own room.

1212 When I had progressed to really serious reading, every night at When I had progressed to really serious reading, every night at

about ten p.m. I would be outraged with the “lights out.” It always about ten p.m. I would be outraged with the “lights out.” It always

seemed to catch me right seemed to catch me right in the middle of something engrossing.


1313 Fortunately, right outside my door was a corridor light that cast Fortunately, right outside my door was a corridor light that cast

a glow into my room. The glow was enough to read by, once my a glow into my room. The glow was enough to read by, once my

eyes adjusted to it. So when “lights out” came, I would sit on the eyes adjusted to it. So when “lights out” came, I would sit on the

floor where I could continue reading in that glow.floor where I could continue reading in that glow.

14 14 At one-hour intervals the night guards paced past every room. At one-hour intervals the night guards paced past every room.

Each time I heard the approaching footsteps, I jumped into bed and Each time I heard the approaching footsteps, I jumped into bed and

feigned sleep. And as soon as the guard passed, I got back out of bed onto the floor area of that light-glow, where I would read for another fifty-eight minutes — until the guard approached again. That went on until three or four every morning. Three or four hours of sleep a night was enough for me. Often in the years in the streets I had slept less than that.


1515 I have often I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. I knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. I certainly wasn’t seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. My homemade education gave me, with every additional book that I read, a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness, dumbness, and blindness that was afflicting the black race in America. Not long ago, an English writer telephoned me from London, asking questions. One was, “What’s your alma mater?” I told him, “Books.” You will never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which I’m not studying something I feel might be able to help the black man...


1616 Every time I catch a plane, I have with me a book that I want to Every time I catch a plane, I have with me a book that I want to

read — and that’s a lot of books these days. If I weren’t out here read — and that’s a lot of books these days. If I weren’t out here

every day battling the white man, I could spend the rest of my life every day battling the white man, I could spend the rest of my life

reading, just satisfying my curiosity — because you can hardly reading, just satisfying my curiosity — because you can hardly

mention anything I’m not curious about. I don’t think anybody ever mention anything I’m not curious about. I don’t think anybody ever

got more out of going to prison than I did. In fact, prison enabled me to study far more intensively than I would have if my life had gone differently and I had attended some college. I imagine that one of the biggest troubles with colleges is there are too many distractions. Where else but in prison could I have attacked my ignorance by being able to study intensely sometimes as much as fifteen hours a day? (1258 words)(1258 words)


Malcolm XMalcolm X

US black leader Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, changed US black leader Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, changed his surname, in common with other Black Muslims, in his surname, in common with other Black Muslims, in favor of “X”, a sign indicating the lost tribal names that favor of “X”, a sign indicating the lost tribal names that had been taken from ancestors on their capture and had been taken from ancestors on their capture and transportation to America as slaves. As an articulate transportation to America as slaves. As an articulate speaker, he expressed the rage and anger of the speaker, he expressed the rage and anger of the “oppressed” black masses in America. He become a leading “oppressed” black masses in America. He become a leading spokesman for the Black Muhammad, for a controversial spokesman for the Black Muhammad, for a controversial speech delivered after the assassinations of President speech delivered after the assassinations of President Kennedy. In 1964 after conversion to orthodox Islam, he Kennedy. In 1964 after conversion to orthodox Islam, he preached a brotherhood between black and white, and preached a brotherhood between black and white, and formed the organization of Afro-American Unity. He was formed the organization of Afro-American Unity. He was assassinated in 1965 .assassinated in 1965 .

Text-related informationText-related information

Many who today hear me somewhere Many who today hear me somewhere in personin person, or on , or on television, ... will think that I went to school far beyond the television, ... will think that I went to school far beyond the eighth grade.eighth grade.

Paraphrase:Paraphrase:

—— Many people who Many people who are actually presentare actually present at my speeches at my speeches somewhere or hear them on television these days ... somewhere or hear them on television these days ... will think that I have got much more education than will think that I have got much more education than just eight years’ schooling.just eight years’ schooling.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

in personin person

— — in one’s physical presence; personallyin one’s physical presence; personally

Examples:Examples:

• • I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her different when I met her in personin person..

•• They talk a lot to one another, over the telephone and They talk a lot to one another, over the telephone and in personin person. .

take charge of take charge of

—— take control of ; become responsible fortake control of ; become responsible for

Examples:Examples:

•• TThe boss asked him to he boss asked him to take charge oftake charge of the office for a the office for a few days when she was away.few days when she was away.

•• They advertised for a nurse to They advertised for a nurse to take sole charge oftake sole charge of their their children while they were at work.children while they were at work.

But every book I picked up had But every book I picked up had few sentences which few sentences which didn’t contain didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly allanywhere from one to nearly all of the of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. words that might as well have been in Chinese.


—— But every book I took up was full of sentences which But every book I took up was full of sentences which contained contained one or almost all of the wordsone or almost all of the words which were which were completely unknown to me.completely unknown to me.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

anywhereanywhere

—— a point (e.g. an amount) within a stated range when a point (e.g. an amount) within a stated range when you do not know what exactly the point is.you do not know what exactly the point is.

Examples:Examples:

•• You could expect to be paid You could expect to be paid anywhereanywhere between $7and between $7and $15 an hour. $15 an hour.

•• He could get He could get anywhereanywhere from three to seven years’ from three to seven years’ imprisonment.imprisonment.

go through motionsgo through motions

—— pretend to do something by making the movements pretend to do something by making the movements associated with the particular actionassociated with the particular action

Examples:Examples:

•• TThe actor he actor went through the motionswent through the motions of putting of putting imaginary noodles into his mouth.imaginary noodles into his mouth.

•• He caught my eye and He caught my eye and went through the motionswent through the motions of of sympathetically clapping.sympathetically clapping.

Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I did.I had received the motivation that I did.


—— Before long I would have stopped even that reading Before long I would have stopped even that reading without understanding, if I had not been inspired by without understanding, if I had not been inspired by a desire to read.a desire to read.

get hold of get hold of

—— take in the hands; manage to findtake in the hands; manage to find

Examples:Examples:

•• I threw him the rope and he I threw him the rope and he got hold ofgot hold of it it..

•• Where can I Where can I get hold ofget hold of some stamps? some stamps?

reason reason

— — vtvt. make decision or judgement by thinking carefully a. make decision or judgement by thinking carefully about all the factsbout all the facts

Examples:Examples:

•• You should You should reason outreason out a conclusion a conclusion..

•• He He reason outreason out the answer to a question. the answer to a question.

thumbing uncertainly through the dictionary’s pages thumbing uncertainly through the dictionary’s pages

——turn the dictionary’s pages quickly and casuallyturn the dictionary’s pages quickly and casually

Example:Example:

•• He is He is thumbingthumbing the pages of a book the pages of a book..

down to down to

—— including evenincluding even

Examples:Examples:

•• she could describe what the other women in the room she could describe what the other women in the room are wearing, are wearing, down todown to the color of their stockings. the color of their stockings.

•• Nobody was free suspicion, from the head boy Nobody was free suspicion, from the head boy down down toto the youngest pupil. the youngest pupil.

spring to / into spring to / into

—— start or come into existence very quickly and suddenlystart or come into existence very quickly and suddenly

Examples:Examples:

•• Say the word “Australia” and the vision of beaches Say the word “Australia” and the vision of beaches and blue seas immediately and blue seas immediately springs tosprings to my mind. my mind.

•• A computer will not A computer will not spring intospring into action without action without something powering it.something powering it.

live off ( a particular kind of food)live off ( a particular kind of food)

—— live by eating the only kind of foodlive by eating the only kind of food

Examples:Examples:

•• These animals with long necks These animals with long necks live offlive off the leaves of tall the leaves of tall trees.trees.

•• We We lived offlived off fruit for a week. fruit for a week.

pick up handwriting speedpick up handwriting speed

—— write more quicklywrite more quickly

Examples:Examples:

•• The train The train picked up speedpicked up speed..

•• Let’s see how fast you can Let’s see how fast you can speed upspeed up from a standing from a standing start.start.

betweenbetween

—— here indicates a period of time from one event to here indicates a period of time from one event to anotheranother

Examples:Examples:

•• BetweenBetween conception and biological birth conception and biological birth

•• There was a gulf of ten years There was a gulf of ten years betweenbetween him and his him and his youngest sister.youngest sister.

You couldn’t haveYou couldn’t have gotten gotten meme out ofout of books with a wedge.books with a wedge.

—— you could never have forced me away from book.you could never have forced me away from book.

Examples:Examples:

•• You can’t You can’t get her out ofget her out of it. it.

•• The police The police got the truth out ofgot the truth out of him. him.

smile on / upon sb./ sth.smile on / upon sb./ sth.

—— approve or encourage sb. / sth.approve or encourage sb. / sth.

Examples:Examples:

•• The government began to The government began to smile onsmile on small businesses small businesses when it realized that they were the key to economic when it realized that they were the key to economic growth. growth.

•• Fortune has Fortune has smiled uponsmiled upon us (i.e.We are successful) us (i.e.We are successful) today.today.

a walking encyclopediaa walking encyclopedia

—— a very informative persona very informative person

Examples:Examples:

•• A walking dictionaryA walking dictionary

•• She’s a walking history book.She’s a walking history book.

feign sleepfeign sleep

—— pretend to be asleeppretend to be asleep

Examples:Examples:

•• Everyone Everyone feigned surprisefeigned surprise when he told how old he when he told how old he was.was.

•• I don’t want to go tonight I don’t want to go tonight —— I shall I shall feign illnessfeign illness..

in the middle of doing somethingin the middle of doing something

—— be busy doing it and do not want to be interruptedbe busy doing it and do not want to be interrupted

Examples:Examples:

•• I was I was in the middle ofin the middle of washing up when the telephone washing up when the telephone rang.rang.

• • He’s He’s in the middle ofin the middle of planning his departmental planning his departmental budget.budget.

reflect upon /onreflect upon /on

—— think deeply about; consider carefullythink deeply about; consider carefully

Examples:Examples:

•• I I reflected onreflected on all that he had said to me. all that he had said to me.

•• The manager demanded time to The manager demanded time to reflect uponreflect upon what to what to do next.do next.

conferconfer

—— givegive

Examples:Examples:

•• Degrees are Degrees are conferredconferred in July and December. in July and December.

•• The honor was The honor was conferredconferred on(or upon) him just after on(or upon) him just after the war.the war.

get sth. out ofget sth. out of

—— gain or obtain sth. fromgain or obtain sth. from

Examples:Examples:

•• I never I never get much out ofget much out of his lecture. his lecture.

•• She seems to She seems to get a lot out ofget a lot out of life. life.

Unit 5 Unit 5 • • ExercisesExercises

• ComprehensionComprehension Ex. IIEx. II

• Vocabulary Ex. III & Ex. IVEx. III & Ex. IV

• Listening Part 2.2Part 2.2

Exercises

Exercises Exercises • • ComprehensionComprehension

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. II, p. 132Ex. II, p. 132《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. II, p. 132Ex. II, p. 132

1.1. When did Malcolm X leave school?When did Malcolm X leave school?

2.2. Who was Bimbi? How did he impress Malcolm X?Who was Bimbi? How did he impress Malcolm X?

Answer the following questions:

He left school after the eighth grade. He left school after the eighth grade.

Bimbi was a fellow inmate. He impressed Malcolm as a knBimbi was a fellow inmate. He impressed Malcolm as a knowledgeable person. owledgeable person.


3.3. Why did Malcolm X ask for a dictionary, tablets, and pencils Why did Malcolm X ask for a dictionary, tablets, and pencils from the prison school?from the prison school?

4.4. Did Malcolm X recognize many words when he read the Did Malcolm X recognize many words when he read the dictionary for the first time?dictionary for the first time?

Because he wanted to learn some words and improve his Because he wanted to learn some words and improve his penmanship at the same time. penmanship at the same time.

No, he didn’t. No, he didn’t.


5.5. How long did it take Malcolm X to copy the first page of the How long did it take Malcolm X to copy the first page of the dictionary?dictionary?

6.6. What did Malcolm X do to the words he had copied down?What did Malcolm X do to the words he had copied down?

It took him a day.It took him a day.

He tried to memorize their meanings and review them the He tried to memorize their meanings and review them the next day. next day.


7.7. Why did Malcolm X compare the dictionary to a miniature Why did Malcolm X compare the dictionary to a miniature encyclopedia? encyclopedia?

8.8. When did Malcolm X start “reading” in the real sense of the When did Malcolm X start “reading” in the real sense of the word? word?

Because he learned from the dictionary not only words, Because he learned from the dictionary not only words, but also people, places and historical events.but also people, places and historical events.

He started reading when his word-base was broadened.He started reading when his word-base was broadened.


9.9. What was the prison authorities’ attitude towards book-What was the prison authorities’ attitude towards book-loving prisoners? loving prisoners?

10.10. Did the author feel happy with the “lights out”? Why or why Did the author feel happy with the “lights out”? Why or why not? not?

The prison authorities gave book-lovers such favorable The prison authorities gave book-lovers such favorable treatments as allowing them to borrow more books form treatments as allowing them to borrow more books form the library.the library.

No. He was angry because the “lights out” often No. He was angry because the “lights out” often interrupted his reading.interrupted his reading.


11.11. What did Malcolm X mean by saying that books were his What did Malcolm X mean by saying that books were his alma mater? alma mater?

12.12. According to Malcolm X, which is a better place for him to According to Malcolm X, which is a better place for him to study in, a prison or a college? Why?study in, a prison or a college? Why?

To him books were his school.To him books were his school.

A prison was a better place to study in because it had A prison was a better place to study in because it had fewer distractions.fewer distractions.


《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IV, p. 133Ex. IV, p. 133《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IV, p. 133Ex. IV, p. 133

Exercises Exercises • • VocabularyVocabulary

1.1. For the first artificial intelligence (For the first artificial intelligence ( 人工智能人工智能 ) conference in ) conference in

1956 inspired researchers to undertake projects that ______1956 inspired researchers to undertake projects that ______

__ human behavior in areas of reasoning, language compreh__ human behavior in areas of reasoning, language compreh

ension, and communications.ension, and communications.

afflictafflict cravingcraving emulateemulate ignoranceignoranceinevitableinevitable miniatureminiature outragesoutragespracticallypracticallymaximummaximum intenseintense requestrequest sizablesizablesucceedingsucceeding intervalinterval correspondencecorrespondence



IV.IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. form where necessary.

emulatedemulated

2.2. In 1979 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may requirIn 1979 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may requir

e the consent of one parent of a minor(e the consent of one parent of a minor( 未成年者未成年者 )_________)_________

___an abortion.___an abortion.


requestingrequesting







3.3. By 1951 industrial production has exceeded prewar peaks; it By 1951 industrial production has exceeded prewar peaks; it

continued to rise in the __________ years.continued to rise in the __________ years.


succeedingsucceeding




4.4. That park contains____________ reproductions of such That park contains____________ reproductions of such

famous sights in China as the Great Wall and the Summer famous sights in China as the Great Wall and the Summer

Palace. Palace.

miniatureminiature

5.5. According to our professor, unemployment is an According to our professor, unemployment is an

___________ consequence of free market economics.___________ consequence of free market economics.


inevitableinevitable




6.6. There are nearly 2,900 radio stations associated with ABC, There are nearly 2,900 radio stations associated with ABC,

as well as a __________ publishing group.as well as a __________ publishing group.sizablesizable

7.7. Don’t worry. The danger from these snake is__________ Don’t worry. The danger from these snake is__________

nothing.nothing.


practicallypractically




8.8. A crowd of people gathered, ___________ by the way the A crowd of people gathered, ___________ by the way the

police officers were hitting the two men. police officers were hitting the two men.

outragedoutraged

9.9. Psychological drug dependency is characterized by a Psychological drug dependency is characterized by a

________ for the drug and belief that one cannot function ________ for the drug and belief that one cannot function

without taking it.without taking it.


cravingcraving




10.10. The bomb was designed to cause the_________ amount of The bomb was designed to cause the_________ amount of harm to the ________ number of people.harm to the ________ number of people.

maximummaximummaximummaximum

11.11. Although breast cancer primarily_________ females, about Although breast cancer primarily_________ females, about

1,400 male breast cancers were also reported in the United 1,400 male breast cancers were also reported in the United

States in 1997.States in 1997.


afflictsafflicts




12.12. Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on sheer ___________ and prejudice.sheer ___________ and prejudice.ignoranceignorance

13.13. When he stood up from his seat, he suddenly felt an When he stood up from his seat, he suddenly felt an

_________ pain in the lower part of his back._________ pain in the lower part of his back.


intenseintense




14.14. We see each other at regular _________ ---usually once a We see each other at regular _________ ---usually once a week.week.

intervalsintervals

15.15. According I read a very interesting biography of Marx’s last According I read a very interesting biography of Marx’s last

week, which is based on his _________________ with Engels week, which is based on his _________________ with Engels

over 40 years.over 40 years.


correspondencecorrespondence




《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. V, p. 133Ex. V, p. 133《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. V, p. 133Ex. V, p. 133


IV.IV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with phrases or expression from the following sentences with phrases or expression from the text that best keep the original meaning. text that best keep the original meaning.


1.1. Tom’s boss asked him to Tom’s boss asked him to take control oftake control of the office for a the office for a

couple of weeks while she was away.couple of weeks while she was away.

Tom’s boss asked him to Tom’s boss asked him to take charge oftake charge of the office for a the office for a

couple of weeks while she was away.couple of weeks while she was away.



2.2. As he fell down from the cliff (As he fell down from the cliff ( 悬崖悬崖 ) the mountaineer was l) the mountaineer was l

ucky enough to ucky enough to grabgrab a branch with his left hand. a branch with his left hand.

As he fell down from the cliff (As he fell down from the cliff ( 悬崖悬崖 ) the mountaineer was l) the mountaineer was l

ucky enough to ucky enough to get hold ofget hold of a branch with his left hand. a branch with his left hand.



3.3. Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-

scale farming can cause great hardships to people scale farming can cause great hardships to people whose whose

lives depend onlives depend on the land. the land.

Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-

scale farming can cause great hardships to people scale farming can cause great hardships to people who live who live

offoff on the land. on the land.



4.4. The government began to The government began to supportsupport small businesses when it small businesses when it

realized that they were the key to economic growth.realized that they were the key to economic growth.

The government began to The government began to smile (up)onsmile (up)on small businesses small businesses

when it realized that they were the key to economic growth.when it realized that they were the key to economic growth.



5.5. Adrenaline(Adrenaline( 肾上腺素肾上腺素 ) helps the body to ) helps the body to get used toget used to sudden sudden

stress by increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure.stress by increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure.

Adrenaline(Adrenaline( 肾上腺素肾上腺素 ) helps the body to ) helps the body to adjust toadjust to sudden st sudden st

ress by increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure.ress by increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure.



6.6. A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a

means for a society to means for a society to think carefully aboutthink carefully about itself and its itself and its

beliefs.beliefs.

A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a

means for a society to means for a society to reflect uponreflect upon itself and its beliefs. itself and its beliefs.



7.7. I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very

different when I met her different when I met her personallypersonally..

I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very

different when I met herdifferent when I met her in personin person..



8.8. Chicago’s O’Hare Airport was closed Chicago’s O’Hare Airport was closed as a result ofas a result of the the

snowstorm. snowstorm.

Chicago’sChicago’s O’Hare Airport was closed O’Hare Airport was closed due todue to the the

snowstorm.snowstorm.



9.9. Cindy , Linda, Niaomi, Claudia, Cindy , Linda, Niaomi, Claudia, andand Christy are known as t Christy are known as t

he “ supermodels” of the 1990’s.he “ supermodels” of the 1990’s.

Cindy , Linda, Niaomi, Claudia, Cindy , Linda, Niaomi, Claudia, along withalong with Christy are kno Christy are kno

wn as the “ supermodels” of the 1990’s.wn as the “ supermodels” of the 1990’s.



10.10. The rocket roared into space, The rocket roared into space, increasingincreasing its speed to 38,000 its speed to 38,000

mph shortly after.mph shortly after.

The rocket roared into space, The rocket roared into space, picking uppicking up its speed to 38,000 its speed to 38,000

mph shortly after.mph shortly after.



11.11. I’m sorry, but someone else has I’m sorry, but someone else has borrowedborrowed the book you the book you

want.want.

I’m sorry, but someone else has I’m sorry, but someone else has checked outchecked out the book you the book you

want.want.



12.12. On seeing General Powell, the soldier On seeing General Powell, the soldier threw outthrew out his chest his chest

and saluted.and saluted.

On seeing General Powell, the soldier On seeing General Powell, the soldier stuck outstuck out his chest and his chest and

saluted.saluted.

ListeningListening

《听说教程 IV 》 Part 2.2, p. 52Part 2.2, p. 52

《听说教程 IV 》 Part 2.2, p. 52Part 2.2, p. 52

ListeningListening

Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

Directions:Directions: Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the missing parts. Then listen to it for the third time and missing parts. Then listen to it for the third time and answer the questions.answer the questions.

Answering the following question before listening to the Answering the following question before listening to the conversationconversation

1.1. Which do you prefer, reading or watching TV?Which do you prefer, reading or watching TV?

2.2. Does watching TV encourage people to read or result in Does watching TV encourage people to read or result in lower reading standards?lower reading standards?

3.3. In what ways watching TV is different from reading?In what ways watching TV is different from reading?

( A and B are young married couple. A = husband; B = wife) ( A and B are young married couple. A = husband; B = wife) A: A: Feel like 1)___________________Feel like 1)___________________B:B: Not right now – I am at 2)____________________________.Not right now – I am at 2)____________________________.A: A: [signing] Okay. I guess I’ll see what’s on TV.[signing] Okay. I guess I’ll see what’s on TV.B:B: TV again!TV again!A:A: So? What’s wrong with watching TV?So? What’s wrong with watching TV?B:B: TV gives you 3)_____________. If you read a good book TV gives you 3)_____________. If you read a good book

once in a while, it might 4)_________________.once in a while, it might 4)_________________.A:A: Oh yeah?Oh yeah?B:B: Yeah! [loftily] Reading 5)____________________ and let Yeah! [loftily] Reading 5)____________________ and let

you experience things you’d never experience otherwise. you experience things you’d never experience otherwise. A: A: So does TV.So does TV.B: B: Well, but it isn’t the same. Books stimulates your Well, but it isn’t the same. Books stimulates your

imagination.imagination.

ListeningListening

going out for a walk?going out for a walk?a really exciting part of this booka really exciting part of this book

brain damagebrain damage

improve your mindimprove your mind

expands your horizonsexpands your horizons

A:A: Right – you imagine you’re doing something thrilling and Right – you imagine you’re doing something thrilling and important, when I fact you’re just lying there on your important, when I fact you’re just lying there on your stomach turning pieces of paper.stomach turning pieces of paper.

B:B: But – but – but reading is thrilling and important! But – but – but reading is thrilling and important! 6)__________________________________________________ 6)__________________________________________________

A:A: You talk as if every book in the world were a masterpiece. You talk as if every book in the world were a masterpiece. What’s that you’re reading now – What’s that you’re reading now – Hollywood HusbandsHollywood Husbands !? !? Now that sounds like a brilliant work of art.Now that sounds like a brilliant work of art.

B:B: [sulkily] Yeah, well – I still say reading is better than [sulkily] Yeah, well – I still say reading is better than watching television.watching television.

A:A: Oh, what difference does it make anyway? Reading, TV – Oh, what difference does it make anyway? Reading, TV – 7)________________________________________7)________________________________________ Are you Are you sure you don’t want to go out for a walk?sure you don’t want to go out for a walk?

ListeningListening

QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

The world’s culture and civilization is preserved in The world’s culture and civilization is preserved in

books.books.

They’re both just ways to escape from real life.They’re both just ways to escape from real life.

Answer the following questionsAnswer the following questions

1.1. What does the husband suggestWhat does the husband suggest??

2.2. What is the wife doing?What is the wife doing?

3.3. What does the wife think of the TV?What does the wife think of the TV?

4.4. What does the wife think of books?What does the wife think of books?

5.5. What does the husband think of TV?What does the husband think of TV?

6.6. In what way does the husband think watching TV and In what way does the husband think watching TV and

reading are the same?reading are the same?

ScriptScriptScriptScript

ListeningListening

ListeningListening

A: A: Feel like going out for a walk?Feel like going out for a walk?B:B: Not right now Not right now —— I am at a really exciting part of this book. I am at a really exciting part of this book.A: A: [signing][signing] Okay. I guess I’ll see what’s on TV. Okay. I guess I’ll see what’s on TV.B:B: TV again!TV again!A:A: So? What’s wrong with watching TV?So? What’s wrong with watching TV?B:B: TV gives you brain damage. If you read a good book once TV gives you brain damage. If you read a good book once

in a while, it might improve your mind.in a while, it might improve your mind.A:A: Oh yeah?Oh yeah?B:B: Yeah! Yeah! [loftily][loftily] Reading expands your horizons and let you Reading expands your horizons and let you

experience things you’d never experience otherwise. experience things you’d never experience otherwise. A: A: So does TV.So does TV.B: B: Well, but it isn’t the same. Books stimulates your Well, but it isn’t the same. Books stimulates your

imagination.imagination.

A:A: Right Right —— you imagine you’re doing something thrilling and you imagine you’re doing something thrilling and important, when in fact you’re just lying there on your important, when in fact you’re just lying there on your stomach turning pieces of paper.stomach turning pieces of paper.

B:B: But ... but ... but reading is thrilling and important! The But ... but ... but reading is thrilling and important! The world’s culture and civilization is preserved in books.world’s culture and civilization is preserved in books.

A:A: You talk as if every book in the world were a masterpiece. You talk as if every book in the world were a masterpiece. What’s that you’re reading now What’s that you’re reading now —— Hollywood HusbandsHollywood Husbands!? !? Now that sounds like a brilliant work of art.Now that sounds like a brilliant work of art.

B:B: [sulkily][sulkily] Yeah, well Yeah, well —— I still say reading is better than I still say reading is better than watching television.watching television.

A:A: Oh, what difference does it make anyway? Reading, TV Oh, what difference does it make anyway? Reading, TV —— they are both just ways to escape from real life. Are you they are both just ways to escape from real life. Are you sure you don’t want to go out for a walk?sure you don’t want to go out for a walk?

1.1. Review Text AReview Text A

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

•• StructureStructure (Ex. VII&VIII&IX, p. 135) (Ex. VII&VIII&IX, p. 135)

•• ClozeCloze (Ex. X, p. 136) (Ex. X, p. 136)

•• Translation (Translation (Ex. XI& XIIEx. XI& XII, p. 136,137), p. 136,137)

3.3. Structured Writing (Ex.XIV, p. 137)Structured Writing (Ex.XIV, p. 137)

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

Documents

Unit 5: Part A Prison Studies 21st Century College English: Book 4