Unit 5 Nutritious Food (1)

7/31/2019 Unit 5 Nutritious Food (1)

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Unive rs i d a d Na ci o n a l

de Lo j a

Instituto de Idiomas

andra nneth choa de aldonado.

L oj a - E cu a d o r

English Workshop II

The will leads you to the way


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UNIT 5: Nutrition and Health

Tips for eating healthy

Eating healthy food is one of the most important and transcendentalhabits of human being to prevent illness for instance lower the risk ofheart disease, certain cancers, type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, andhigh cholesterol, besides that you will feel better, you will have moreenergy and stamina and of course you will look better. For all thosereasons its necessary you pay special attention to what you eat, andhow much you eat.Here is a sort of tips to help you to eat healthy.

First of all make your food count! Dont waste calories on foods thatprovideno nutritional value.

Start each day with a good breakfast. This will activate yourmetabolism for the day and give you the energy and stamina that

you will need to meet your daily responsibilities. Eat small meals, even if it means having more meals. When you eat

more than 400-500 calories at a time, your body is going to be storingsome of it as fat. Reasonable portion sizes are a must !

Chew your food well. This aids in digestion and absorption ofnutrients. In addition, it helps you feel more satisfied with less food.

Eat with intention! Dont do other things when you eat. Dont eat in thecar and dont eat in front of the television.Savoryour food. Put your fork downbetween bites. Relax!

Eat a balanced diet. Choose somethingfrom each food group at each meal. Thiswill ensure that you get all the vitaminsand minerals that you need.

Feel free to take a daily vitamin but if youeat healthy foods in healthy portions, youwill get what you need naturally.

Dont eat while stressed. If someone isdoing something that stresses you outwhile youre eating, stop eating and returnto it later. Eating while stressed can causeserious problems with digestion and lead to overeating.

Include 2 small, healthy snacks in your day. Have a small handful ofalmonds or a container of low-fat yogurt with 1/3 c. granola, or 2 T. ofpeanut butter on an apple. Make your snacks count. Theyre just asimportant as your meals.

Drink plenty of water.

To eat healthy, enjoy foods in their natural state, as much aspossible.

Foods that are processed tend to lose some of their nutrients.

Avoid foods high in sodium. Avoid fast food!Sure, most fast food restaurants today have

healthier choices but thats a relative term.

And finally, make it a habit to eat healthy on a regular basis. Saveyour favorite foods that arent necessarily healthy options for specialoccasions. Eating anything in moderation will help you keep yourweight down; but eating healthy foods on a regular basis willprovide you with lasting health benefits.

Source: www.easy-weightloss-tips.com .

Fruit bowl

Vocabulary

healthy: 1.strong and notlikely to become ill. 2good for your body or yourmind.

illness: a bad conditionthat affects your body ormind, or the state of havinga condition like this.

blood: the red liquid thatflows around your body.

stamina: physical ormental strength that letsyou continue doing

something for a long time.

waste: when somethingsuch as money, time, or askill is not used effectively

or sensibly.

metabolism:the chemicalprocesses in your body that

change food into energy.

meals:food that you eat.

reasonable: fair andsensible.

chew: to bite food severaltimes before swallowing it.

savor: to make somethinglast as long as possible,because you are enjoying it

so much.

plenty: a large quantitythat is enough or more than

enough.

avoid: to preventsomething.
http://www.easy-weightloss-tips.com/http://www.easy-weightloss-tips.com/


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This food pyramid shows you the importance of these products in a daily diet. It willbe a valuable tool in your quest to "eat healthy."

Each day you should strive to make healthy choices from all of the major food groups:

Protein2-3 servings (meat, fish, poultry, beans, nuts)

Whole Grains6-11 servings (some breads, some pastas, brown rice, somecereals, etc.)

Vegetables3-5 servings (lettuce, broccoli, mushrooms, carrots, spinach, etc.)

Fruit2-4 servings (apples, bananas, berries, pineapple, etc.)

Dairy2-3 servings (milk, yogurt, cheese)

Oils5-6 teaspoons (olive oil, salad dressings, butter, nuts, avocado, mayonnaise,etc.)

Youll notice that the recommended number of servings varies quite a bit, especiallywithin the category of whole grains. The number of servings you have should dependon your activity level and the total calories you eat each day. So, for example, if youexercise a minimum of 30 minutes a day, and eat 1,600 calories a day, you choose thelower number of servings. If you're very active and/or eat 2,800 calories a day, youchoose the higher number of servings. Use this information to help you eat healthyevery day!

The groceries are classified as follows:


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Vegetables

Fruits

carrots cabbage cauliflower broccoli

asparagus beans celery red pepper

green pepper peas mushrooms

apple

Veggies

peaches avocado banana

beets


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cherries lemon sliceberries

grapes

pears

kiwi mango

watermelon

pineapple strawberries

plums raspberries

coconut

oranges

tomatoes

tangerines


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Dairy Products

Bakery

butter

breadpancakes cupcakes

strawberry cake

cheesedairy productsmilk

Milk

croissants

French bread

bagels

eggs


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Meat

beef pork

lamb chicken turkey

Delicatessen

steak

salami sausageham

pot roast

leg of lamb

roast pig pork chops

lamb chops roast chicken

beef- meat from a cow veal - meat from a young cow

pork/ham/bacon - meat from a pig lamb - meat from a lamb (=young sheep) mutton - meat from a sheep venison - meat from a deer

turkey

Swiss cheese


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Seafood

Nuts

Drinks

fish clams crab

lobster

tuna shrimp fish fillet

walnut peanut

lemonadeorange juiceteacoffee


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Grains

Fast -food

ricepasta cereal

sausage

kebabFrench fries

wine

Pop corn

hot-dog

cocktailbeer champagne

Cheese burger


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Desserts

ice-cream

Ice-cream

sundae

popsicle

cherry pie banana split

cake

gelatin


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Food : Countable and uncountable

1. Those you can count are called count nouns OR COUNTABLE NOUNS and

2. those you cannot count are called non count or UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

The following chart shows you the classification of count nouns in singular and pluralforms.

Search for more information about COUNT NOUNS on the Web.

Countable Nouns

S i n g u l a r

refers to one thing or person. Use a or an = one with singular countnouns.

a + consonant sound an + vowel sound

Singular count nouns take a singular verb.

P l u r a l

refers to more than one thing or person. Dont use a /an.plural count nouns take a plural verb.

They can be used with numbers.

If you want to use the word some with countable nouns, you must put thenouns into the plural, and say some tickets, any eggs.

With countable nouns, you have to use many, how many, or a few.

Noun:

It is a word that names a person, animal, place,

thing, idea. Example:

Person: girl, boy, student, instructor.

Animal: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish.

Place: gym, store, school.

Thing: computer, pen, notebook, bush.

Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge.


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Uncountable Nouns

S i n g u l a r

Uncountable nouns have only one form. They do not have a pluralform.

Uncountable nouns take a singular verb.

With an uncountable noun you can use quantity words such assome and any:

some butter, any music.

You can use the quantity expressions much, how much, or alittle with uncountable nouns.


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EXAMPLES:

Healthy foodis the key for living longer.

The math problem was easy enough.

Patienceis the ability to stay calm and not get angry when one is waitingfor something or doing something difficult.

Social Studiesis too difficult for me. The news program starts at 5:30. Joy is a happy emotion.

Common Uncountable Nouns refer to:

substances: coal, food, ice, plastic, wood, iron, gas,steel.

liquids: milk, coffee, oil, juice, soda, water, beer.

food: spaghetti, flour, soup, cream, cheese, yogurt,ice-cream,broccoli, lettuce,cereal, bread, pasta,butter, mayonnaise, jam, jelly, fish, meat.

Too small to count:sugar, salt, pepper, cinnamon, rice, sand,baking powder, cereal, wheat, corn.

human qualities: courage, honesty, patience.

feelings: anger, happiness, joy, relief, respect.

abstract ideas: death, freedom, fun, life, luck, advice, beauty,knowledge, information, research, news,time,traffic, air, love, employment, intelligence,aid, .

School subjects: mathematics, physics, history, geography,biology, chemistry, music.

words like: homework, weather, baggage, equipment,furniture, machinery,money, luggage, cotton,silk,leather, traffic, pollution, crime, tooth paste,paper.(sometimes)


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There are some typical mistakes you must be aware of:

Dont say:

What aterrible weather !

She has long hairs. I have a news for you.

We bought some new furnitures.

Say:

What terrible weather !

She has long hair.

I have some news for you.

We bought some new furniture.

Demonstratives

For SingularNouns

For PluralNouns

Uses

THIS(It is a / an)

THESE

(they are)

when the person is near

the object

THAT(it is a / an)

THOSE(they are)

when the person is away

from the object. 4

SINGULAR PLURAL

Whats this? What are these?

Its rice Theyrecupcakes

4 4uncountable

noun countable

noun

4 4


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Its a strawberry cake. They re eggs


Its spaghetti. They re tomatoes.

countable noun

countable noun

4 4

uncountable noun

countable noun

4 4


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HOW MUCH VERSUS HOW MANY

How much......? uncountable nouns

Answers to questions withuncountable nouns may

include a variety of indefiniteadjectives such as: a lot(of), lots of, some, much,(a) little.

How many....? countable nouns

Answers to questions withcountable nouns mayinclude a variety of indefiniteadjectives such as: a lot(of), lots of, some, many,(a) few.

To give specific amounts of either countable or uncountable nouns, youcan use units of measurement. e.g.

bag of sugar, potato, chips,

bar of candy, hand soap

bottle of ketchup, juice, soda, other liquids

box of cereal, detergent

bunch of bananas, carrots, grapes

can of beans, tuna

carton of eggs, milk

cup, tablespoon, teaspoon all liquids and dry recipe ingredients

head of lettuce, cabbage

(singular) loaf of/(plural)loaves of bread

package of potato chips, spaghetti

piece of cake, pie, meat, etc

tube of toothpaste

uncountable countable

I dont have much money.

How much time do you have?

There is a little butter in the fridge.

He doesnt have many friends.

How many records do you have?

There are a few rooms still available.

EXERCISES

How much bread you we have? We have a little bread.

How many loaves of bread should I buy? Buy a few loaves of bread.


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WRITING

Parts of a Paragraph

A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. A good paragraph hasdifferent parts.

When you use a title for your paragraph, choose a few key words that focus onyour main ideas.

Begin your paragraph with a topic sentence that tells the main idea.

Then support your idea with sentences that give more information: details, facts,reasons and examples. These are called detail sentences

Finally, write a concluding sentence that shares your main idea I different words.

Example:

Title topic sentence detail sentence concluding sentence1 2 43

Source: Backpack Workbook N-6

Pen Pals

By Vidonia Ferreira.

Writing to pen pals is an excellent way to get to know interesting new people

and learn more about the world. When you communicate by e-mail or by

letter with someone from a different city or country, you can find out what your

new pal does every day at school and after school for fun. You can learn

about your pen pal's family and friends and how they live. You can find outthe kinds of food they eat, the clothes they wear, the chores they do, and the

things they do in their free time. You can even learn interesting facts about

your pen pal's town, cultural traditions, and country. For example, from my

pen pal Alicia, I learned about two holidays in Mexico-Cinco de Mayo and

Las Posadas. And from my pen pal Helmut, I learned about a German game

calledsardinen. I also learned how to make delicious cookies with cinnamon

called zimtstern from Helmut`s mother! As you can see, having pen pals is

not only educational but also a lot of fun.

1

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Using the previous steps, you will write a paragraph that includes a title, a clear topicsentence, detail sentences that support the main idea, and a concluding sentence.

To carry out the writing activity you can use a diamond shape to help you organize yourparagraph.

The top of the diamond represents yourmain point.

The middle represents the details and information you give.

The bottom of the diamond represent yourconcluding sentence that restates themain point.

Topic sentence describes the main idea

detail sentence supports the main idea




concluding sentence restates the main idea


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WRITING PROCESS

STEPS:1. PRE-WRITING

1.1. Choosing a Topic

Plan what to write

Choose the topic (purpose, audience)

1.2. Explore your Topic

Think about the topic

Brainstorm

1.3 Organizing

Organize ideas into categories(introduction, 1stparagraph, 2ndparagraph, conclusion)

2. DRAFTING

First draft

Think of the beginning and ending of the paragraph

Free-writing

Write as much as you can (keep the purpose in mind)

Topic sentence (main idea)

supporting sentences (detail sentences)

closing sentences (concluding paragraph)

3. REVISING

Proofread(eliminate mistakes, check spelling, grammar:sentence structure, correct

verb forms, subject, verb agreement, punctuation) Reread

Did I make a clear point?

Do I have specific details/facts?

Do I have well organize according to the outline?

Check sense, logical order, something missing,

Check sense

Peer editing (2nddraft)

4. PUBLISHING

Make the information available by handing out your written work.


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The following words can help you to connect the ideas in the paragraphs.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions join two parts of a sentence and help to show the connection betweenthe two parts of the sentence. Note the use of commas before some conjunction.

Conjunction Function Example

and tells you more We got home and went right to bed

but makes a contrast They are rich, but they aren't happy.

because answers the question

why?

We went home because we were

tired.

so tells you the result We went home early, so we missedthe end of the concert.

when answers the questions

when orat what time?

We went home when it started to

rain.

before, after answers the question

What happened first?

We went home before the concert

ended.

We went home after the singer sang

his first song.

although/

though

tells you something

is surprising

We went home although /though we

did not really want to.

if makes a condition We will go home if we are tired

Word Function Example

only says something is smaller

or less than usual

He sleeps only three hours every

night.

even says something is

surprising or unusual.

Everyone was on time for the

meeting, even Pat, who's usually late

like makes a comparison She looks like her dad.

than Used after a comparative

adjective or adverb

Ann is older than Chris. / She works

harder than he does.

also / too / as well says something is in

addition

He works in the store, and she does

also/too/as well.


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The symbols or marks used to organize writing into clauses, phrases andsentences to make the meaning clear. e.g.

Symbol Word (common term in brackets)

. full stop, comma? question mark! exclamation mark: colon

; semi-colon- hyphen (dash)& ampersand/ virgule (forward slash)\ reversed virgule (backward slash)@ at# hash pound symbol euro symbol

$ dollar symbol' apostrophe

~ tilde* asterisk

acute accent

` grave accent" quotation mark( ) left / right parentheses[] left / right square bracket{} left / rightbrace

< > left / right anglebracket
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Unit 5 Nutritious Food (1)