DE-SEGREGATION

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896Separate but equal

Developing Civil Rights MovementWWIIArmed Forces

NAACPThurgood Marshall

Brown v. Board of Education 1954

REACTION TO BROWN

Resistance to School DesegregationKKK Crisis in Little Rock

Bus BoycottRosa ParksMartin Luther King

Sit-ins and “soul force”SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

FREEDOM RIDERS New Volunteers for Civil Rights Movement Federal Marshals arrive Integration of Ole Miss

James Meredith

Birmingham Kennedy focuses on problems at home

Takes a stand for Civil Rights

Letter from Birmingham Jail

“ Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks to so dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored... But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word "tension." I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth.”

-Martin Luther King Jr.

“I Have a Dream”

March in WashingtonDream of equality

Civil Rights Act 1964Outlawed major forms of discrimination,

including racial segregation

Fighting for Voting Rights Freedom Summer Mississippi Burning New political party in the South

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)Fannie Lou Hamer

Selma Campaign Voting Rights Act of 1965

Gave Federal government authority over state elections

MISSISSIPPI BURNING

Pop Quiz1. Who were the Freedom Riders?2. What did they do?3. What year did their journey take place?4. What was the meaning behind the Civil

Rights Act of 1964?5. What was Freedom Summer?

~*Bonus*~- Summarize the FBI case Mississippi Burning

TYPES OF SEGREGATION

de facto segregationExists by practice and custom

○ Can be harder to fight because requires changing peoples attitudes

de jure segregation Segregation by law

○ Easier because it requires repealing a law not attitude

MALCOLM X

Malcolm X Nation of Islam

BLACK POWER

Ballots or Bullets violence may be necessary

Black PowerStokely Carmichael

Black PanthersHuey Newton

“We shall overcome”

“We Shall Overrun”

1968

April 4, 1968James Earl Ray Assassinated Martin Luther

King

Robert Kennedy’s plea for non violenceLed to worst urban rioting in U.S. HistoryRFK Assassinated

URBAN VIOLENCE

Riots Clashes Bombings

4 LITTLE GIRLS

CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE

1948/Truman de-segregates Armed Forces

1954/Brown v. Board of Education 1955/Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957/Little Rock Nine 1960/SNCC sit-ins 1961/Freedom Riders 1963/March on Washington 1964/Civil Rights Act

CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE

1964/Freedom Summer 1964/Mississippi Burning 1965/Voting Rights Act 1965/LBJ takes on the KKK 1965/Assassination of Malcolm X 1968/Assassination of MLK

LATINOS AND NATIVE AMERICANS SEEK EQUALITY United Farm Workers

Cesar Chavez believed that farm workers needed to unionize○ Created this association to give strength to the

group through collective bargaining Believed in using non violence (boycotts)

“Brown Power”

AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT Eisenhower: “termination” policy

AssimilationBen Nighthorse Campbell

Johnson: National Council on Indian Opportunity

Reform was to slow…Originally a self-defense group against police

brutality. Eventually branched out to protecting rights

INDIAN RESERVATIONS

WOMEN’S EQUALITY

19th Amendment: 1920, women can vote

Feminism: the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.

In 1966 28 women including Betty Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW)

In 1969, a journalist and political activist Gloria Steinem joined the feminist movement

She founded the National Women’s Party Caucus

In 1972 she founded and wrote for Ms. (Women’s Magazine)

EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Men and women would both enjoy the

same rights and protections under the law.

Proposed by Congress; not ratified by the states