Unit 4-Safety and Emergency Procedures

8/14/2019 Unit 4-Safety and Emergency Procedures

1/127


2/127

DHSR Approved Curriculum-Unit 4 2

Introduction to

SAFETY AND EMERGENCY

PROCEDURES

Personal safety and the well-being

of residents is a vital component of thehealth care system.

If safety rules are ignored, the

nurse aide or another individual couldbe seriously injured or die.


3/127


Introduction to

SAFETY AND EMERGENCY

PROCEDURESThis unit explores general safety

rules, safety measures that prevent

accidents, fire safety and prevention,disaster plans, and responsibility inemergency situations.

The nurse aide is expected torespond immediately and effectively toillness, injury, and life-threateningcircumstances.


4/127



5/127


4.0 Identify ways to prevent accidents

and other emergencies.

4.1 Adhere to general safety rules.

4.1.1 List 16 rules of general safety.


6/127


General Safety Rules

Walk in halls and on stairs -never run

Keep to the right-hand side

of the hall

Approach swinging doorswith caution

Use handrails going up anddown stairs


7/127



(continued)

Keep halls and stairs free of

obstacles

Check labels on allcontainers prior to using

contents

Wipe up spilled liquidsimmediately


8/127



(continued)

Pick up litter and place it in the

proper container

Follow instructions of yoursupervisor for resident care

Report injuries promptly

Never use damaged or frayed

electrical cords


9/127



(continued)

Ask for an explanation of things you

dont understand

Elevate side rails for residents at riskof falling, per facility policy


10/127



(continued)

Check linen for personal items

contained in folds prior to

sending to the laundry Never use malfunctioning

equipment

Report unsafe conditionsimmediately


11/127


4.1.2 Recognize factors that increasethe residents risk of injury.


12/127


Factors That Increase The

Residents Risk Of Injury

Age related

Decreased strength

Slower movement

Difficulty maintaining

balance

Tremors that may

affect balance


13/127




(continued) Awareness of surroundings

Some totally unaware

unconscious coma

Some suffer from

dementia confused disoriented


14/127




(continued)

Decreased vision

Difficulty seeing objects In danger of falling or

tripping

Difficulty reading labels orcontainers


15/127




(continued)

Hearing impaired

May not hear warningsignals or alarms

May not hear approaching

equipment


16/127




(continued)

Smell and touch

Reduced smell unawareof smoke or gas fumes

Decreased sensitivity toheat and cold - easilyburned


17/127




(continued)

Inability to move independently

Crippling diseases Arthritis

Paralysis


18/127


4.1.3 List six effects of medicationsthat could cause the resident to

have an accident.


19/127




(continued) Medications can:

Affect balance

Reduce awareness Cause confusion/disorientation Cause drowsiness

Affect coordination Make fearful and

uncooperative


20/127



21/127


4.2 Identify safety measures thatprevent accidents to residents.


22/127


Preventing Falls

Answer call signals

promptly

Keep frequently used

articles within reach of

resident

Falls account for 70% ofaccidents in health care facilities


23/127


Preventing Falls(continued)

Lock brakes on movable equipment

wheel chairs

stretchers and mechanical liftsbeds

commodes


24/127



Properly position

residents in:

bed wheel chair

Report observations to supervisorthat lead you to believe a resident isprone to falling


25/127



Report any facility structure hazard

immediately that could lead to falls

frayed carpeting loose or broken side rails

lights that dont work


26/127



Report broken or

malfunctioning

equipment

immediately


27/127


Preventing Burns

Second most

common hazard to

residents Check water

temperature in bath

or shower with baththermometer


28/127


29/127


Preventing Burns(continued)

Provide assistance at

mealtime to prevent

spilling hot liquids Use facility equipment

according to written

policies


30/127


Preventing Burns(continued)

Monitor use of

electrical

appliances used byresident

Avoid overexposure

to sunlight


31/127


32/127


Preventing Poisoning:

Toxic Products

(continued)

Have identifying labels on all

containers Never use unlabeled substance


33/127


Preventing Injury When

Performing Care

Provide care to right resident

Use identification bracelets

Call resident by name


34/127


Preventing Injury When

Performing Care

(continued)

Use I.D. systems that

involve photographs

Realize that care to

wrong resident can

threaten life


35/127


36/127


Preventing Suffocation(continued)

Never leave unattended in

bathtub

Immediately transport fromareas where smoke or gas

fumes are noticed

Properly apply and checkvest and safety belt

restraints


37/127


Preventing Spread of

Microorganisms

Follow StandardPrecautions

Wash hands before

and after care


38/127


Preventing Other Injuries

Move equipment around corners with

caution

Be careful of feet when transportingresidents in wheelchairs


39/127


Preventing Other Injuries(continued)

Monitor residents who

wander away

Follow instructions whenproviding care

Keep bed in lowest position

except when giving bedside

care


40/127


41/127


Preventing Other Injuries(continued)

Keep call signal within

easy reach

Report immediately anyobservations indicating

resident is a danger to

himself or others.


42/127



43/127


4.3 Practice good personal bodymechanics.


44/127


Body Mechanics

Body mechanics: thecoordination of bodyalignment, balance and

movement Job requirements for nurse

aides include lifting,

moving and transferringresident and lifting, movingand carrying objects


45/127


Body Mechanics

(continued)

Purpose of Good Body Mechanics

Maximize strength

Minimize fatigueAvoid muscle strain

and injury

Assure personal and

resident safety


46/127


47/127

G f G


48/127


Guidelines for Good Body

Mechanics

(continued)

Bend at hips and knees

and get close to object

prior to lifting

Grip objects firmly with

both hands Lift by pushing up with

strong leg muscles

G id li f G d B d


49/127



Mechanics

(continued)

Get help if object or

resident appears too heavy Keep feet apart to provide

wide base of support

Pivot or turn with feet


50/127

G id li f G d B d


51/127



Mechanics

(continued)

When reaching for

an object, evaluatedistance

Face in direction

you are working toprevent twisting

G id li f G d B d


52/127



Mechanics

(continued)

Adjust beds to waist

level when givingresident care

Be sure body is in good

alignment at all times


53/127



54/127


4.4 Identify and discuss fire safetyactivities and potential fire

hazards.


55/127


Fire Safety

Everyone is responsible forpreventing fires

If fire occurs, know what to do


56/127


Fire Safety

Major fire hazardsfaulty electrical

equipment and wiring

overloaded electricalcircuits

plugs not properly

grounded

clutter - paper/rags

Fi S f t


57/127


Fire Safety(continued)

Major fire hazards (continued)

unsafe practices when

oxygen is in usesmoking

spontaneous combustible

materials

Fi S f t


58/127



Elements necessary to

start fire

fuel - material thatwill burn

heat - flame or spark

oxygen


59/127

Fi S f


60/127



Fire Safety Activities

Be aware of all firehazards and report

them immediately


61/127


Fire Prevention

Watch for frayedelectrical wires

Never overload circuits

Use three-pronggrounded plugs

Never use extensioncords

Control clutter

Fi P ti


62/127


Fire Prevention(continued)

Dispose of rags properly Empty ashtrays in metal

containers

Empty wastebaskets inproper receptacles

Report odors of smokeor burning

Keep fire exits clear

Fi P ti


63/127



Control smoking practices:

limit to specific areas

never allow smoking inbed

have large ashtrays

available

Fi P ti


64/127



Control smoking practices:

observe use of

matches/lighters directly supervise

residents when

smoking, as necessary


65/127


4.4.1 Discuss the precautions thatshould be taken when oxygen is

in use.


66/127


Oxygen Precautions

Oxygen precautions Never have open flames

or smoking in area

Remove flammableliquids from area

Do not use electrical

equipment in area

O P ti


67/127


Oxygen Precautions(continued)

Oxygen precautions

Post Oxygen in Use

sign Remove cigarettes and

matches from room

Use cotton blanketsand clothing


68/127


In Event Of Fire

In event of fire Keep calm

Move residents tosafety

Sound alarm

Follow evacuationplan


69/127


70/127


Use of Fire Extinguisher

Carry upright

Remove safety pin

Push handle down Direct spray at base of fire

FIRE


71/127



72/127


4.5 Review and follow disaster

procedures and plans for the

health care facility.


73/127


Disaster Type Of Catastrophe

Natural origin

flood

earthquake

hurricane/tornado

Di t T Of C t t h


74/127


Disaster Type Of Catastrophe(continued)

Human disasters

airplane/bus/train

accidentsexplosions

nuclear waste

accident

Di t Pl


75/127


Disaster Plans

Facilities are required to havedisaster plans

Disaster Plans


76/127


Disaster Plans(continued)

Responsibilities in a disasterRemove residents from

immediate danger

Report to facility and followdirections for your role

Know your facilitys

disaster planAssist with evacuation

Disaster Plans


77/127


Disaster Plans(continued)

Responsibilities in a disaster(continued):Help remove and secure equipment,

supplies, and records

Think before you act; dont wastetime

Remain calm

Carry out responsibilities in confidentmanner


78/127



79/127


4.6 Discuss the emergency

treatment of a choking resident.

4.6.1 Assist with clearing an obstructed

airway.


80/127

Treating a Choking Resident


81/127


Treating a Choking Resident(continued)

Airway may be blocked by:

Food or liquids (meat

most common food)

Blood or mucus

Foreign objects including

the tongueVomitus



82/127



Tilting head back in

unconscious person mayclear airway since this

pulls tongue forward



83/127



Stay near

Encourage coughing -

most effective way todislodge obstructions

Never slap coughing

resident on back: cancause object to fall lowerinto trachea

If victim is coughing, do not intervene:



84/127



Signals of severe foreign body airwayobstruction

Unable to speak

No air movementGrasping throat -

distress signal

Abdominal thrusts, chest thrusts andback slaps are effective for relievingsevere foreign body airway obstruction.


85/127



86/127


4.7 Demonstrate the procedure for

relief of choking.


87/127



88/127


4.8 Discuss and explain your

responsibilities in assisting with

resident who needs CPR.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation


89/127



(CPR)

Agencies providing CPR instruction:

American Heart Association

American Red CrossEMS squads

How To Recognize Heart Attack


90/127



Chest discomfortpressure, fullness, squeezing, or

pain

in center of chest behindbreastbone or spread to eithershoulder, neck, jaw, or arm

usually lasts longer than a fewminutes comes and goes



91/127


How To Recognize Heart Attack(continued)

Fainting

Sweating

Nausea

Shortness of breath

A id t S


92/127


Accident Scene

If certified in CPR, offer assistance

Defer to those with more experience

and training

Accident Scene


93/127


Accident Scene(continued)

Seek assistance

in facility

use emergency light use call signal

send another resident

for help

call for help

Accident Scene


94/127


(continued)

Seek assistanceat home or at accident scene dial 911 operator or emergency

number give location give phone number

relate type of emergency give number of people needing help relate requested information

Information To Remember


95/127



About CPR

You must be trained to administerCPR

Activate the emergency medicalsystem or your facilitys emergency

plan



96/127



About CPR

(continued)

CPR must be started immediately to

be effective

Follow facility policy for Advanced

Care Directive



97/127



(CPR)

Methods of administering CPR

one-person CPR

two-person CPR


98/127



99/127


4.9 Explain responsibilities in assisting

the resident for the following: convulsive disorders

loss of consciousness

shock hemorrhage

Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)


100/127



Causes:

infectious disease

omitted medicationhead injury

stroke

seizure syndrome



101/127


Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)(continued)

TypesPartial

General

Tonic-clonic(grand mal)

Absence(petit mal)

Unclassified


102/127



103/127



Protect from injury

lower to floor if appropriatemove objects away that might

cause injury

Do not restrain or put any object into

mouth

Specific Actions(continued)



104/127



Loosen constricting clothing

(around neck) Place pillow under head and

turn face to one side

Note time and type of seizure




105/127



Provide rest for resident after seizure

very tiredmay be confused

often disoriented



106/127


107/127

Loss of Consciousness Fainting


108/127



Summon help

Stay with resident

Have resident sit or lie down Loosen tight clothing

Position head lower than heart

sitting - head between legslying down - elevate legs

Specific Actions



109/127



Monitor pulse and respirations

Have resident rest for 5-10

minutes before moving

Provide blanket if cold


SHOCK


110/127


SHOCK

Severe injury

Excessive loss of body fluids

Pain

Respiratory and/or cardiac

arrest Anxiety

Causes


111/127


4.9.1 List seven symptoms of

approaching shock that you

might observe during resident

care.

SHOCK


112/127


SHOCK

Low or falling blood

pressure Weak, rapid pulse

Cold, moist, pale skin

Rapid respirations

Signs and Symptoms

SHOCK


113/127


SHOCK

Thirst

Restlessness Confusion and loss of

consciousness

Signs and Symptoms

(continued)

SHOCK


114/127


SHOCK

Summon help

Stay with resident

Keep resident lying

down

Control hemorrhage Keep resident warm

Specific Actions

Hemorrhage


115/127


g

TypesInternalExternal

Hemorrhage(continue)


116/127


(continue)

Signs and SymptomsInternal pain

shock vomiting blood loss ofconsciousness

External can usually be seen

Hemorrhage


117/127


Hemorrhage

Internal

Summon help

Stay withresident

Keep warm, flat

and quiet until

help arrives

Specific Action

Hemorrhage


118/127


External

Summon help

Stay with resident

Identify location of bleeding

Apply continuous, direct pressureover bleeding

Specific Action

(continued)


119/127

Hemorrhage


120/127


g

External

keep residentcomfortable,

warm and quiet

until help arrives

Specific Action

(continued)


121/127


4.9.2 Report emergencies accurately

and immediately.

Reporting Emergencies


122/127


p g g

Never panic; remain calmTry few slow deep

breaths

Observe surroundings

Assess resources

available



123/127


(continued)

Evaluate situation

check victim

determine safety ofenvironment

Call or send for help immediately

Determine treatment priorities



124/127


(continued)

Report emergencies accurately

If help is not available, contact:

911 or emergency number Police

Fire department

Telephone operator

Local EMS

Reporting Emergencies( ti d)


125/127


(continued)

Name

LocationDescription of

scene

Informationabout injuries

Type of help needed

Number of peopleneeding help

Report emergencies accurately bystating:

Reporting Emergencies(contin ed)


126/127


(continued)

Know your limitationsProvide care and reassure victimsKeep bystanders away from victims


127/127

Documents

Unit 4-Safety and Emergency Procedures