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Unit 3 – Powers of Government. Section 1 = The Legislative Branch Section 2 = The Executive Branch Section 3 = The Judicial Branch. Unit 3 Section 1. The Legislative Branch. Organization of Congress. Terms and Sessions Term Limits Congressional Leaders Rules of Conduct. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 1 = The Legislative BranchSection 2 = The Executive BranchSection 3 = The Judicial Branch
Unit 3 – Powers of Government
The Legislative Branch
Unit 3 Section 1
Terms and SessionsTerm LimitsCongressional LeadersRules of Conduct
Organization of Congress
Size Set by Congress Based off of state population
Terms2 years
Congressional DistrictsApportion = house seats are given to each stateState legislature determines state district
boundariesGerrymandering
Districts are sometimes drawn for political reasonsFavor one party over the other
House of Representatives
2000-2010 District Map
What is up with Sarpy County?
Gerrymandering
QualificationsAt least 25 years oldU.S. citizen for at least seven yearsLegal resident of the state they represent
Salary and Benefits$145,100 annuallyPay increase if re-electedLots of Benefits
SizeSet by the ConstitutionTwo members per state
Terms6 years
QualificationsAt least 30 years oldU.S. citizen for at least 9 yearsLegal resident of the state they represent
Salary$145,100 annuallySame benefits and legal protection as House members
Senate
Usually business people or lawyersAlmost everyone has a college degree
Most have advance degreesMost members are white
Male 40 years of age or older
Members of Congress
Congressional LeadersHouse of
RepresentativesSpeaker
(R or D)Floor Leader
(R and D)Majority leader
Assistant to the Speaker
Minority leaderParty’s chief
spokesperson
Party Whips(R and D)monitor/influence
how the party’s members vote on legislation
Vice PresidentBreaks tie votes
President pro temporeFormal head of the senatePerson in the majority party who has been in
the senate the longestMajority Floor Leader
Party’s chief spokespersonMinority Floor LeaderParty Whips
Senate Leadership
Judge members’ qualificationsCan refuse to seat the elected member
Judge members’ behaviorDiscipline members
CensureExpulsion
Conduct
The Committee System
Standing CommitteePermanentDeal with trade, foreign policy, or finances
19 in the House16 in the Senate
SubcommitteesDivision of standing committeesMore specialized
About 215 in Congress
Types
Select CommitteesDeal with special issues Focus on investigationsUsually temporary
Joint CommitteesMade from members of both House and SenateMore effective than having 2 separate groups
Conference CommitteesMade from members of both House and SenateTemporary – work out a compromise on
versions of bills passed by both houses
Powers of Congress
Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution to make laws in the following areas:1. Government finance2. Regulation of commerce3. National defense4. Law enforcement5. National sovereignty
Expressed Powers
Raise & collect taxesRegulate foreign & interstate commerceCoin & print moneyProvide & maintain military forcesAdmit new states into the unionDetermine punishment for treasonTo borrow moneyEstablish rules for becoming a citizenSet standard of weights & measuresEstablish post officesDeclare warEstablish military lawsCall up a national militiaGovern the District of Columbia
Stated by the ConstitutionGiven to the Senate, House, or sometimes both
1. Impeaching officials Bring federal officials trial House and Senate
2. Approving treaties Senate
3. Approving appointments Senate
4. Deciding elections House
Special Powers
To make all laws which are necessary and proper.
“Necessary and Proper Clause”Creation of a National BankCreation of Military AcademiesMost laws created since 1900
Implied Powers
How A Bill becomes A Law
1. Bill must be introduced to Congress and referred to a committee.
2. Sent to a subcommittee for consideration3. Must obtain committee approval to advance
to the floor
Referral to Committee
Committee or subcommittee hearings which are open to the public
Supporters and opponents of the bill can testifyInterest groups and ordinary people affected
by it can also testify
Hearings
After a bill is approved in a subcommittee, the exact phrasing is decidedVery time-consuming processInvolves lots of details
Bill needs to be passed in a full committee to move forward
Markup
House Floor is 1st to vote on the approval of a bill
Senate Floor is 2nd Filibuster = delay tactics to hold off a final vote
VotingRoll-call “individual” vote
Floor Consideration
Compromise between the House and Senate on a bill
Conference Committee
Sign the bill, which makes it lawVeto the billKeep the bill for 10 days without signing it.
If Congress is in session, the bill becomes a law without the President’s signature
Pocket VetoPresident keeps it for 10 days when Congress
is not in session and it does not become a law
Presidential Action