ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

ANCIENT GREECE AND ROMEUNIT 3

UNIT 3 VOCABPeninsula-Oracle-Epic-Philosopher-Acropolis-Tragedy-City-State-Athens-Aristocrat-Agora-Tyrant-Vendor-Democracy-Slavery-Tribute-Sparta-Immortal-Helots-UNIT 3 VOCABPeloponnesian War Plague-Blockade-Barbarian-Assassinate-Alexander TG-Hellenistic-Republic-Patrician-Plebian-Consul-Veto-Dictator-Province-Colosseum-Aqueduct- Polytheism-Arch-UNIT 3 VOCABCensus-Villa-Circus-Gladiator-Jesus-Messiah-Disciple-Epistle-Martyr-Constantine-Mercenary-Inflation-

THE RISE OF ANCIENT GREECEObjectives-1 Understand how Greeces geographic setting influenced the development of the civilization2 Examine Early Greek History3 Examine the development of DemocracyThe Rise of Greek CivilizationGeography

Origins

Government The Rise of Greek CivilizationGeographyMountainsPeninsulasMade travel and community partnership hardOnly 20% of the land was farmable

Origins Arose on and off the mainland MinoansMycenaeans Wars

GovernmentDevelopment of City States Democracy Aristocracy NobilityGreeces Geographic SettingGreece is made up of Peninsulas, or areas of land surrounded by water on 3 sidesBecause of the mnts. Only about 20% of Greece is farmable What would you do then if you couldnt farm for survival?

Greek OriginsEarly Greeks evolved on and off mainland GreeceTwo most prominent ancient groups: Minoans and MycenaeansGreek life was about evolving, trading, communication and spreading language and new ideas

Minoans3000-1100 B.C.Bronze age peopleLived on the Island of Crete (Med. Sea)Developed wide spread and successful sea tradeMycenaeansTook over around 1400 B.C.Blended mainland Greece and Island cultures into oneSpoke an early form of modern GreekGained power not only through trade, but through conquest (battles)Trojan War

Battle of TroyMyth of a war between Greece and TroyGreeks tricked the Trojans with a fake horseThe story was written into an Epic, a long story telling poemThe two epics involving the Trojan War are the Iliad and the Odyssey

HomerAuthor of the Iliad and the Odyssey

The Dark Ages of GreeceGreek civilization took a turn for the worseTheir society collapsed and the focus changedWhat was the focus of Greek society?What did it change to?City States and DemocracyCity states developed all over Greece, why?City-States were run by AristocratsNew type of ruler is created, a TyrantThe advent of DemocracyStrict Rules- Who can participate in our(USA) democracy?Who could participate in Grecian democracy?Check For UnderstandingPg. 175 (1- A/B)(3- A)

Section 2 Religion, Philosophy, and the ArtsGolden Age of Athens:479-431 B.C.TradeTributeMining

Religious Beliefs12 OlympiansTemplesGods were immortalZeus ( king of gods)Mythical heroes (Achilles) City States had their ownHonor Zeus by competing every four yearsBirth of what?gods continuedOracles (shrines where the gods spoke)

KnowledgePhilosophersSocratesPlato (Socrates student (academy) Aristotle (Platos student (Lyceum)Visual and Dramatic ArtsThe Parthenon

PARTHENONBuilt on the Athenian AcropolisCommissioned by PericlesBuilt for Athena (goddess of Athens)THE ARTSDramas- Greek playsTragedy- a Greek drama usually ending in disaster for the main characterComedy- Greek play used to make fun of well-known citizens (typically politicians)

MANY STATES/ ONE PEOPLECity-states shared the same languages and customsAll referred to themselves as HellenesThe Olympic Games were an example of the common culture

Chapter 7 Sec. 3The spread of culture-King Philip of MacedoniaMacedonians (thought themselves Greeks, Greeks thought Macedonians were barbarians)Barbarians- wild, uncivilized peopleKing Philip & His Son Alexander the Great

Alexanders EmpireAfter conquering Greece, Philip wanted Persia. He was assassinated before he could do so. Alexander took over and avenged his fathers deathWithin 11 years he had conquered Persia, Egypt, land beyond the Indus into India. He earned the title Alexander the GreatThe last battle(Achilles was his hero)The Spread of Greek CultureAlexanders empire was split into 3One commander for each region(Greece/Macedonia) (Egypt) (Persia)They fought for 300 years over the land Alexander conqueredTime after Alexander was called Hellenistic periodAlexandria, EgyptCenter for learningHuge librariesMath and ScienceGeometry createdArchimedes creates pulley systems and levers.

Chapter 8 Sec. 1/2Objectives:Geography of early RomeUnderstand the formation of a RepublicThe Myth of the Creation of RomeRomulus and Remus (sons of a princess and Mars the god of war)Jealous King wanted them drownedSaved by a wolfRaised by a shepherdGrew up and killed the king and built a city called RomeRoman Geography and LifeCity built between hills for protectionSoil was fertile (different from Greece how?)Tiber RiverCity was in the middle of Italy..a peninsula in the Mediterranean seaWhy is this significant?Romans highly valued loyalty and justiceEtruscansRuled Romans with absolute power(Romans were upset about this why?)Romans over threw the Etruscan KingYet adopted Etruscan ideasTogasGreek alphabetEtruscan gods

Roman RepublicWanted govt. that didnt rely on a rulerGovt. run by the people for the peopleRoman Senate (our legislative branch)Patrician vs PlebianConsuls (executive branch)(veto power)Dictator-

ExpansionRoman took control of Carthaginians in Africa and in Spain, they also conquered Gaul (France) and moved into take over GreeceDECLINE-Military leaders formed their own groups and slowly began to control the cities and murder each other. Rome fell apartRoman EmpiresThe Rise of Caesar- He was a young leader who had many war victories..helped Rome take over Gaul (France)Took troops back to Rome and became dictatorUnlike all other Roman dictators Caesar took power from the senateDeath of CaesarCaesar reorganized the government and basically took total controlSenator invited him to a meetingWife urged him not to goThe senators surrounded him and stabbed him 23 timesIdes of March