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Four Levels of Listening◦ Oblivious (Subconscious)– Music as background
noise◦ Emotional (Conscious)– React to the emotion of
the music◦ Perceptive (Analytical)– Listening to answer the
question – “What is going on in the music right now?”
◦ Peak (Revelatory)– Combines Perceptive and Emotional – ultimate response to music (“goose bump” feeling)
◦ Each level is valuable for different reasons
PERCEPTIVE LISTENING
Listen to John Williams’ “Liberty Fanfare” which celebrated the 100 anniversary of the Statue of Liberty
How does the composer command our attention? Write your thoughts in your notebook – Be prepared to discuss your answer
Listen again and answer◦ 1. Does awareness of what is going on in the music
help you to get more out of it?◦ 2. What is the function of this music?◦ 3. Who is the intended audience?◦ 4. Does knowing this help increase your response?
LISTEN PERCEPTIVELY
Listening to music in public requires personal attentiveness
Reaction to music should be based on type of music performed, where it is played and how it is being used◦ Football game◦ Dance◦ Orchestra Concert◦ Rock ConcertThe music of any style can be listened to with a
serious or a light-hearted mood
BEING AN AUDIENCE MEMBER
CATEGORIES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Also includes brass instruments as well
Trumpets, Trombones and Tubas are aerophones
Aerophones◦ Instruments that produce
sound by a vibrating column of air
◦ Usually these consist of a pipe made out of wood, metal or plastic with a reed attached
◦ Examples Flute Oboe Clarinet Sax Bassoon
Idiophones◦ Simple, solid
instruments that produce sound when struck, scraped or shaken
◦ Examples Gongs Cymbals Rattles Xylophone
CATEGORIES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Membranophones◦ Instruments that
make sound when a stretched out skin is struck
◦ Examples Snare drum Bongos Tympani
CATEGORIES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Chordophones◦ Instruments that
create sound when a string is struck, plucked or bowed
◦ Examples Violin Cello Guitar Piano
CATEGORIES OF INSTRUMENTS
Electrophones◦ Instruments that
generate sound from electricity Examples Electric Guitar Electric Bass Synthesizer
CATEGORIES OF INSTRUMENTS
Composed in 1946 by English composer Benjamin Britten
Purpose to introduce instruments of the orchestra to students
Theme is based on a melody composed by Englishmen Henry Purcell (lived in 1600s)
Theme is first presented by entire orchestra
A Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra
Next, each section presents the theme◦ Woodwind Section◦ Brass Section◦ String Section◦ Percussion Section◦ Full Orchestra
A Young Persons…cont.
Next, there are several variations played by instruments
Variations change the melody in terms of rhythm, mood, dynamics, etc.
Woodwinds are first◦ Var. 1Flute and piccolo◦ Var. 2 Oboe◦ Var. 3 Clarinet◦ Var. 4 Bassoon
A Young Person’s …cont.
Next set of variations feature the strings◦ Var. 5 Violins◦ Var. 6 Violas◦ Var. 7 Cellos◦ Var. 8 Double basses◦ Var. 9 Harp
A Young Person’s …cont.
The brasses are featured next◦ Var. 10 French horns◦ Var. 11 Trumpets◦ Var. 12 Trombones and Tubas
A Young Person’s …cont.
Percussion is featured in Vat. 13◦ Tympani, bass drum, snare drum◦ Tambourine, triangle, wood block◦ Xylophone◦ Castanets and gong◦ Whip◦ Entire ensemble
A Young Person’s …cont.
A new tune is played by piccolo The other instruments enter, each playing
the same tune After woodwinds, strings, brass and
percussion have their turns, the theme returns in the brass and the piece concludes
A Young Person’s…cont.
Composer Benjamin Britten
Create a 5 slide power point presentation on the instrument of your choosing
You may work with a partner Be sure to include at least four different pictures of your instrument Your slides should contain
1. Range of the instrument2. Brief history of the instrument3. Uses of the instrument4. Classification of the instrument5. How the instrument is played
UNIT 3 PROJECT
Directions: Listen to the following musical excerpts and identify all the timbres and instruments producing the sound you hear. Then, classify the instruments according to the appropriate category(ies). (All five are represented)
IDENTIFY INSTRUMENTS
1. Bluegrass band Bill Monroe
2. Sextet: woodwind Fancis Poulenc and the Philadelphia Quintet
3. Blues Band B.B. King
4. Brass quintet Canadian Brass
5. String Quartet Budapest Quartet/Hayden
6. Motown group The Temptations
7. Double Reed soloist Thomas Stacy
Listen to two versions of Bach’s Toccata in D Minor and determine which you like best
Determine which category fits each version. Write each description and place an “O” if it describes the organ version or “S” if it describes the symphony version◦ 1. Obvious contrast of dynamics (loud and soft)◦ 2. Use of crescendo/decrescendo◦ 3. Tempo (beat) is steady◦ 4. Variations in tempo (ritardando)◦ 5. Smooth almost sluggish articulation◦ 6. Crisp articulation◦ 7. Limited dynamic range◦ 8. Expansive dynamic range◦ 9. Limited tone color◦ 10. Expansive range of tone color
COMPARE PERFORMANCES
Answer the following questions in your notebook 1. Bach might have performed his Toccata on the organ
of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. This long, narrow and high building had a reverberation (echo) of 3.5 seconds. How does Stakowski take that phenomenon into consideration in his orchestral transcription?
2. Bach, who was acknowledged as the greatest improviser of his day, probably created this brilliant Toccata on the spot as a prelude or recessional to the religious service. How does Stakowski’s transcription, which was intended for the concert hall, take away from or add to the sacred and mystical character of the composition?
COMPARE PERFORMACES II