UNIT 2 VOCABULARY

Agrarian

• A society mainly based on agriculture

Urbanization

• The process of people moving to cities and building larger cities.

Industrial Revolution

• The movement that caused people to begin to use machinery and factories to manufacture goods.

Before and After—Industrial Revolution (Section 4)

Before Industrial Revolution After Industrial Revolution

Most people lived in countryside Most people lived in cities

No pollution Air Pollution, water pollution

Move goods by ship or cart Move goods by ship or train

Build using wood Build using steel

Buildings were only a few stories high Taller buildingseventually skyscrapersMost people are farmers Most people are factory or mine workers

Most household goods are home-made or expensive

Household goods are available to everyone relatively inexpensively

Everything done by hand—takes a long time

Many things done by machines—much more efficient

Land only cleared for farms, few forests cleared

Wide-spread deforestation, many forests cleared for mines, cities, farms, etc.

• With a partner at your table, you need to produce the table of pre and post Industrial Revolution. You will be graded on the following:– A: At least 7 of the ideas are present, and student

used less than 10 words.– B: At least 7 of the ideas are present, and student

used less than 20 words.– C: At least 7 of the ideas are present, and student

used less than 30 words.

ASSIGNMENT

Steam Engine

• The invention that made it possible for industrialization to take place

Subsistence Farming

• Growing just enough food for yourself and your family to survive.

How did Britain change because Of the Industrial Revolution?

Manufacture

• The process of making raw materials (resources) into a useful item.

Mass Production

• The process of making large quantities of the same or similar items for sale.

Factory

• An industrial facility where large amounts of items are mass-produced.

Inventor Invention Impact on Modern Society (what we have because of

this invention)

James Watt First Reliable Steam EngineCars, Electric power plants, Factory

Equipment, Trains

Eli WhitneyCotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for

musketsRepeating Rifle, farm equipment,

helped end slavery

Robert FultonRegular Steamboat service on the Hudson

RiverPublic transportation, Motor

Powered ships (no sails)

Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph Phone, Internet, Telecommunciation

Elias Howe Sewing MachineMass production of clothing (in

factories)

Isaac SingerImproves and markets Howe's Sewing

MachineAbility to make clothing at home with

a machine

Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable Communication between Europe and USA in 5 minutes (instead of waiting

5 weeks for a round trip boat)

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Telephone, Cellular Phone

Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb Video, Electric lights, Electricity in every home

Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor Mass-production of Electricity

Rudolf Diesel Diesel EngineSemi-Trucks, Construction

Equipment, Cars

Colony

• A region that is ruled by another country, but does not have the same laws or privileges as that country.

Empire

• A mother country and all of it’s colonies.

Colonialism

• The time when European countries tried to gain new colonies in other parts of the world. (Also Age of Imperialism)

Direct Rule

• The policy of France and other countries where they completely controlled everything that happened in their colonies.

Indirect Rule

• The policy of England and other countries where colonies largely ruled themselves as long as they benefitted the mother country.

Direct Rule vs. Indirect RuleIndirect Rule Direct Rule

*Local Government’s used *Foreign officials brought in to rule

*Limited self-rule *No self-rule

*Goal: Develop future leaders in the colony

*Goal: Get the colonies to adjust to European culture

*Government based on Europe, but included local influences

*Government based only on European styles

*British *French

Reading a Political Cartoon

• Step #1: Who are the people or countries shown? (HINT: Look for labels or distinct features)

• Step #2: Where is the picture happening?• Step #3: Is the message positive or negative?• Step #4: What is the main idea of this cartoon

(What message is the artist trying to send?)

• USE THESE STEPS FOR THE NEXT 4 SLIDES

CREATE YOUR OWN

• Now it’s your turn to make your own political cartoons. Here are the main ideas you need to get across in your political cartoon:– #1: Great Britain should stay out of our country.– #2: Colonies are being abused.– #3: Monarchy is too old and doesn’t work in today’s

world.– #4: Colonies only exist to make people in Europe

lazy and rich.– #5: ???? Whatever you want. Be creative!

Communism

• An economic and governmental system based on state ownership of assets

Capitalism

• An economic system based on individual ownership of assets

Proletariat

• Karl Marx’s working class

Bourgeoisie

• Karl Marx’s middle class

Labor Unions

• Organizations that represent workers against factory owners or other company owners.

Monopoly

• One company that controls most or all of an industry

Regulation

• Government control of trade in order to prevent companies from taking advantage of buyers

Competition

• Companies working against each other to produce cheaper and better products

What does the chart show

About how people feel about

Labor unions?

Propaganda

• Information spread about someone or something that is usually untrue to make you believe something negative about them.

Abolitionist

• A person who works for the end of slavery

Apartheid

• An official policy of separation in South Africa during the 1950’s to 1990’s.

Civil Disobedience

• The belief started by Gandhi that people should disobey government laws if they don’t make sense for the people.

Segregation

• An official policy of separation based on a set of criteria.

Discrimination

• Choosing one thing over another based on a defined set of characteristics.

Boycott

• Refusing to buy a product to put pressure on the company to change a policy.