Unit 2 - Digital Appreciation

7/28/2019 Unit 2 - Digital Appreciation

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Unit 2

Introductionto the Worldof Computers


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1. Explainwhyitisessentialtolearnaboutcomputerstodayanddiscussseveralwayscomputersareintegratedintoourbusinessandpersonallives.

2. Defineacomputeranddescribeitsprimaryoperations.3. Identifythemajorpartsofapersonalcomputer,includinginput,processing,output,storage,andcommunicationshardware.4. Definesoftwareandunderstandhowitisusedtoinstructthe

computerwhattodo.

5.

Listthesixbasictypesofcomputers,givingatleastoneexampleofeachtypeofcomputerandstatingwhatthatcomputermightbeusedfor.

6. Discussthesocietalimpactofcomputers,includingsomebenefitsandrisksrelatedtotheirprominenceinoursociety.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition2

Learning Objectives

2


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ThisUnitcovers:

* Whatcomputersare,howtheywork,andhowtheyareused

* Computerterminology* Thebasictypesofcomputersinusetoday* Societalimpactsofcomputers

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition 3

Overview

3


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Before1980Computerswerelarge,expensiveVeryfewpeoplehadaccesstothemComputersweremostlyusedforhigh-volume

processingtasks

Duringthe1980sInexpensivepersonalcomputersbecamepopularComputeruseincreaseddramatically


Computers in Your Life


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Today Morethan80%ofUShouseholdsincludeacomputer,andmost

usecomputersatwork

Electronicdevicesareconvergingintosingleunitswithmultiplecapabilities(Acomputerisnolongeranisolatedproductivitytool)

Youcanchecke-mailonyourlivingroomtelevisionYoucanviewinternetcontentonmobilephoneorothermobiledevice

Computerliteracyisimportant&necessaryforeveryone Knowingaboutandunderstandingcomputersandtheiruses

isanessentialskillforeveryone


Computers in Your Life

Checkpoint

Ahead!!!


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Computersareusedforavarietyoftasks: Lookingupinformationandnews Exchanginge-mails Shoppingandpayingbills WatchingTVandvideos Downloadingmusicandmovies

Organizingdigitalphotographs Playinggames Makingvacationplans Connectingwithpeople


Computers in the Home


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oWirelessnetworking- Computerscanbeusedinnearlyanylocation

oSmartappliances- Traditionalapplianceswithbuilt-incomputeror

communicationtechnology

o Smarthomes- Householdtasksaremonitoredandcontrolledbyamain

computerinthehouse




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Acomputerisnolongeranisolatedproductivitytool.Whatdoesthisstatementmeantoyouasateenagergrowingupinthecomputergeneration?

Yahoomail,gmailandIOSmailare3ofthemostpopularemailclientstoday.

a) List3advantagesand2disadvantagesofemailservice Wementionedthatconnectingwithpeopleisathattaskthat

computersperforminthehome

a)

Otherthanviaemail,state2otherwaysthatthisisdone. Whataresmartappliances?

a) List2popularsmartappliancesandexplainwhatmakestheseappliancesmart


CHECKPOINT 2.1 Due: 4/17


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Todaysyouthcanbecalledthecomputinggeneration Moststudentstodayhaveaccesstocomputersatschool

Someschoolsintegratee-booksintotheircurriculum Collegesanduniversitiesareevenmoreintegrated

Wirelesshotspotsallowusageofpersonallaptopstoconnecttothecollegenetwork

Somecollegesrequireacomputerforenrollment

Distancelearning/onlinelearning Studentsparticipatefromlocationsotherthanthetraditional

classroomsettingusingcomputersandInternetaccess


Computers in EducationCheckpoint

Ahead!!!


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Computers in Education


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Computershavebecomeauniversalon-the-jobtoolfordecision-making,productivity,andcommunication

Usedbyalltypesandalllevelsofemployees Usedforaccesscontrolandothersecuritymeasures Usebyserviceprofessionalsisgrowing Usedextensivelybythemilitary Employeesinalllinesofworkneedtocontinuallyrefreshtheir

computerskills


Computers on the Job


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Computers on the Job


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Computersareencounteredinnearlyeveryaspectofdailylife

* Consumerkiosks* ATMtransactions* POSsystemsatretailstores* Self-checkoutsystems* Consumerauthenticationsystems* Portablecomputersormobiledevices* GPSsystems


Computers on the Go


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Whatisane-book?a) State2ofthemostpopulare-bookreadersb) State1advantageofane-bookreader

Whatisawirelesshotspot?a) Otherthanschools,list2otherplacesthatprovidewirelesshotspots

Whenwespeakofcomputersprovidingaccesscontrolasaformofsecurity,whatdowemean?a) State2waysthatemployerscanutilizeaccesscontrol

Whatisakiosk?a) Identifythepopularkioskusedtorentmoviesandvideogamesb) WhatwouldIuseakioskforinanairport?

Whatdothefollowingacronymsmean?a) ATMb) POS

Identify2placeswhereIcouldfindaselfcheckoutsystema) State1advantageand1disadvantageofselfcheckoutsystems




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Computer Aprogrammable,electronicdevicethatacceptsdata,performs

operationsonthatdata,andstoresthedataorresultsasneeded

Computersfollowinstructions,calledprograms,whichdeterminethetasksthecomputerwillperform

Basicoperationsorfunctionsofacomputer Input:Enteringdata/instructionsintothecomputer

Processing:Performingoperationsonthedata

Output:Presentingtheresults/information Storage:Savingdata,programs,orinformationforfutureuse Communications:Sendingorreceivingdata/information


What Is a Computer and

What Does It Do?


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What Is a Computer and

What Does It Do?


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oData* Raw,unorganizedfacts* Canbeintheformoftext,graphics,audio,orvideo

o Information* Datathathasbeenprocessedintoameaningfulform


Data vs. Information


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oHardware:Thephysical/tangiblepartsofacomputer Internalhardware

Locatedinsidethemainbox(systemunit)ofthecomputer Externalhardware

Locatedoutsidethesystemunit Connecttothecomputerviaawiredorwirelessconnection

Hardwaredevicesareassociatedwithallfivecomputeroperations/functions

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

19

Hardware


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o Inputdevices Hardwareusedtoenterdataintothecomputer Examples:Keyboards,mice,scanners,cameras,microphones,

joysticks,touchpads,touchscreens,fingerprintreaders,webcamerasetc.

oProcessingdevices Performcalculationsandcontrolcomputersoperation Centralprocessingunit(CPU)andmemory

oOutputdevices Presentresults/informationtotheuser Examples:Monitors,printers,speakers,projectors,etc.


Hardware


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oStoragedevices Usedtostoredataonoraccessdatafromstoragemedia Examples:Harddrives,CD/DVDdiscsanddrives,USBflashdrives,

cardreadersetc.

oCommunicationsdevices Allowuserstocommunicatewithothersandtoelectronically

accessremoteinformation

Examples:Modems,networkadapters,etc.Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

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Hardware


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Hardware


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oSoftware Theprogramsorinstructionsusedtotellthecomputerhardware

whattodo

Systemsoftware(OS&Utilities)- TheOperatingSystemstartsupthecomputerandcontrolsits

operation

- WithouttheOS,thecomputercannotfunction-

ItBootsthecomputerandlaunchesprogramsattheusersdirection

- MostuseaGUItointeractwiththeuserviawindows,icons,menus,buttons,etc.

- Examples:Windows,MacOS,Linux,etc.Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

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Software


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oApplicationsoftware PerformsspecifictasksorapplicationsfortheUser

Creatingletters,budgets,etc. Managinginventoryandcustomerdatabases Editingphotographs Schedulingappointments ViewingWebpages Sendingandreceivinge-mail Recording/playingCDsandDVDs Designinghomes Playinggames


Application Software


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oSixbasiccategoriesofcomputers:- Embeddedcomputers- Mobiledevices- Personalcomputers- Midrangeservers- Mainframecomputers- Supercomputers


Computers To Fit Every NeedCheckpoint

Ahead!!!


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oEmbeddedcomputer- Embeddedintoaproductanddesignedtoperformspecifictasks

orfunctionsforthatproduct

- Cannotbeusedasgeneral-purposecomputers- Oftenembeddedinto:

Householdappliances Thermostats Sewingmachines A/Vequipment Answeringmachines Cars


Embedded Computers


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oMobiledevice- Averysmalldevicewithsometypeofbuilt-incomputingor

Internetcapability- Typicallyhavesmallscreensandkeyboards- Examples:

Smartphones

Handheldgamingdevices Portabledigitalmediaplayers Mobiletablets E-readers


Mobile Devices


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o PersonalComputer Asmallcomputerdesignedtobeusedbyonepersonatatime Alsocalledamicrocomputer Availableindifferentsizesandshapes

Desktopcomputers Fitonornexttoadesk Canusetowercase,desktopcase,orall-in-one CanbePC-

compatibleorMacintosh

Notdesignedtobeportable


Personal Computers (PCs)


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oPortableComputers Designedtobecarriedaroundeasily Fullyfunctionalcomputers Examples

Notebook(laptop)computersTypicallyuseaclamshelldesign TabletComputersUsuallyuseadigitalpen/stylusortouchscreenCanbeslateorconvertibletablets


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Portable Computers


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NetbooksSmaller,lighter,andlessexpensivethanconventionalnotebooksLongerbatterylifeGoodforstudentsandbusinesstravelers


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Portable Computers


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oMidrangeserver Amedium-sizedcomputerusedtohost/storeprogramsand

dataforasmallnetwork

Someusersconnectviaanetworkwithacomputer,thinclient,ordumbterminal

Virtualization Creatingvirtualratherthan

actualenvironments(oftenusedtoshareaserverforincreasedefficiency)


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Midrange Servers


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oMainframecomputer- Powerfulcomputerusedbymanylargeorganizationstomanage

largeamountsofcentralizeddata

- Standardchoiceforhospitals,universities,largebusinesses,banks,governmentoffices

- Locatedinclimate-controlleddatacentersandconnectedtotherestofthecompanycomputersviaanetwork

- Larger,moreexpensive,andmorepowerfulthanmidrangeservers- Usuallyoperate24hoursaday- Alsocalledhigh-endservers


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Mainframe Computers


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Mainframe Computers


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oSupercomputer- Fastest,mostexpensive,mostpowerfultypeofcomputer- Generallyrunoneprogramatatime,asfastaspossible- Commonlybuiltbyconnectinghundredsofsmallercomputers,

supercomputingcluster

- Usedforspaceexploration,missileguidance,satellites,weatherforecast,oilexploration,scientificresearch,complexWebsites,decisionsupportsystems,3Dapplications,etc.


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Supercomputers


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Supercomputers


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Stateonedevicethatisnotstandardonanetbookthatcomestandardonmostnotebooks/laptops

State2differentplacesthatwouldutilizeamidrangeserver Stateonesimilaritybetweenamidrangeserverandamainframe Stateoneadvantageofamainframeoveramidrangeserver Identifythecategoryofcomputerbeingbelow:

a) UsedSendandreceiveemailsonthegob) UsedbyRushHospitalc) UsedinaHighschoolcomputerLabd) Usedforweatherforecastinge) Usedinasmallbusinessf) Foundinyourmicrowaveathome




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o Thevastimprovementsintechnologyoverthepastdecadehavehadadistinctimpactondailylife,bothathomeandatwork

o Therearemanybenefitsofacomputer-orientedsociety Abilitytodesignproductsbeforeconstructionleadstosaferproducts Earliermedicaldiagnosesandmoreeffectivetreatment Devicesthatallowphysicallyand/orvisuallychallengedindividualsto

performjobtasks

Documentse-mailedorfaxedinmoments(seconds/minutes) Downloadinformation,music,programs,movies,andmoreondemand


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Computers and SocietyCheckpoint

Ahead!!!


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oTherearealsomanyrisksinacomputer-orientedsociety- Stressandhealthconcerns- Spam- Computervirusesandmalware- Identitytheftandphishing- Privacyissues

- Howdataiscollected- Howsecureisthecollecteddata


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Computers and Society

D 4/25


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U d t di C t T d d T 14th Editi 41

CHECKPOINT 2.4 Identifyonemajorhealthconcernthatemergedfroma

computerorientedsociety

Explainhowphishingworks WhatisthepurposeofthePrivacyActof1974

a) StateoneconditionoftheAct

Due: 4/25