Unit 12

Name: ________________________

Notes Packet

Unit 12 – Weather Variables What’s the

weather today?

Today’s Objective:

What are the Major Layers of the Atmosphere?

The Atmosphere: - is the layer of ___________________________________.

- The atmosphere ________________ as you travel _____________ from Earth until there are too few gas molecules to detect.

Pressure Changes

How do changes in air pressure at low altitudes compare with air

pressure changes at high altitudes?

Atmospheric pressure -

_____________________________

____________________________.

Temperature Changes

- Temperature _______________

within each layer of the

atmosphere.

• This information can be

found on _________________

Layers of the Atmosphere

Troposphere:

- 0 to 14 km

- __________________________________________________________

- __________________________________________________________

- Temperature _____________________ as you rise higher

Stratosphere:

- 14 to 50 km

- Contains Ozone Layer _____________________________________

______________________________________________________________

- ozone depletion –

________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

- Contains ______________; which are high speed winds that

influence ____________________________________

- Temperature _____________________ as you rise higher.

Mesosphere:

– 50 to 80 km

– Meteoroids

___________________________________________________ “shooting

stars”

– Temp. ___________________ as you rise higher.

Thermosphere:

– above 80 - 600 km

– Contains “_____________”

AKA ________________________________________________________

– Temperature __________________ as you rise higher.

– Contains the ___________________________ which influences

____________________________________.

Exosphere:

- Greater than 600 km

- It is where the atmosphere meets outer space

Directions: Label each of earth’s layers with their important features

Today’s Objective: What Features Allow Earth To Support Life?

Life and the Atmosphere

• The Earth’s original atmosphere was made up of gases similar to

those released in ____________________________ – water vapor,

carbon dioxide & nitrogen.

• Later, primitive organisms evolved that used

______________________ and released ______________________.

Composition of Atmosphere

• __________________ and ______________ gases make up 99%.

• Gases in the atmosphere today can be found __________

What features does Earth have that allow it to support life?• _________________________________• _________________________________• _________________________________

What determines the temperature of a planet?

• _________________________________________________.• _________________ and ____________________ of the atmosphere.

The Other 1 Percent of the Atmosphere

Water Vapor:

- source of all

______________

_______________________.

- _______________________

(from earth & sun)

Dust Particles:

• _____________________________

• _____________________________

• _____________________________

• ______________________________

Ozone:- form of __________ that combines 3 oxygen atoms into each molecule (O3).

What do you think could happen if there was no ozone?

Human Influence on the

Atmosphere:

-

___________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

What changes can “we” make to help our

atmosphere?

Today’s Objective: How are Heat and Temperature Related?

Do Now: What is the difference between temperature and heat?

Vocabulary –

Heat -

_______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_

_____________________________________________________________________

_

- Heat moves from _____________________________________.

Temperature -

______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_

_____________________________________________________________________

_

- Temperature conversions can be found ________________________

Now Try These . . .

1. At what temperature does water boil?

__________ OC __________ OF

__________ K

2. What is room temperature?

__________ OC __________ OF

__________ K

3. At what temperature does water freeze?

__________ OC __________ OF

__________ K

4. What temperature is the same on both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales

________________________

Three Methods Of Energy Transfer:

Conduction - - Radiation -

- _________________

_________________

_________________

- _________________

_________________

_________________

- _________________

_________________

_________________

Convection -

- _________________

_________________

_________________

1. Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength?

2. What color has the shortest wavelength?

3. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible light, and radio waves?

Do Now: What is the most important gas in atmosphere?

Phase Changes: In the boxes for each phase draw a small picture of how the molecules are arranged. THEN label the arrows with the name of the phase change that is occurring.

Today’s Objective: What Happens During a Change of State?

Latent Heat-

______________

_______________________

_______________________

** There is _____________ in temperature during a

phase change **

Phase Change Graph

Properties of Water:

- Can be found on _____________________

Now Try These . . .

1. Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 J/g?

2. During which phase change of water is the most energy released into the environment?

3. The least amount of latent heat is absorbed by water during which phase change?

4. The greatest amount of energy would be released by 1,000 grams of water when it changes from what to what?

5. During which process would 1 gram of eater gain the most energy?

6. Explain what happens to water when it releases 334 J/g of energy.

- __________________________ and

__________________ GAIN heat

- _______________________ and

__________________ LOSE heat

Today’s Objective: What are the Effects of Air Pressure on Weather?

Air Pressure: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Factors that Affect Pressure

Altitude • Air becomes ______________ with increasing altitude

• Pressure ALWAYS ____________ as you move up in the atmosphere.

Temperature

Warm Air

• ________________________________

• ________________________________

• ________________________________

Cold Air

• ________________________________

• ________________________________

• ________________________________

Humidity

• Humid air is ______________________________.

• Lighter means it has ________________________________________. .

• Air Pressure is measured using a ____________________________.

**When air pressure ___________,

the mercury in the tube

____________. **

**When air pressure

__________________, so does the

height of the mercury column.**

** An increasing barometer means the weather will be

_______________________________.

** A decreasing barometer means the weather will be

__________________________________.

Today’s Objective: How Are Relative Humidity And Dew Point Related?

Do Now: Describe everything that comes to mind when someone says it’s

humid.

Humidity – is a measure of how much _________________________________

** Warmer air can hold __________ water vapor than cooler air.**

Relative Humidity (RH) –

___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_

• Since warm air expands it can

_____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_

Saturation:

Occurs when the air contains the

__________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

**When saturated, warm air

_______________________________________________________________.**

When the Relative Humidity is 100%

• the air is ______________________

• ____________________ may occur.

The Relative Humidity changes when:

• Water vapor ___________________________ the air.

• ____________________________________________.

• Precipitation takes

______________________________

_

• Evaporation puts

______________________________

_The Dew Point Temperature is the

__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

• (______________________________)

When temp is less then DP

__________________

__________________

When temp is more the DP

__________________

__________________

The closer the air temperature is to the dewpoint temp:

• _______________________________________________

• _______________________________________________

Relative Humidity and Dewpoint charts:

• Can be found on _________________

• Dry bulb is the __________________________________________

• Wet bulb is the __________________________________________

________________________________________________________

• Wet bulb depression is the _______________________________,

it tells how much evaporation has occurred

Today’s Objective:

How are Clouds Formed?Formation of Clouds

1. Form when air rises in the atmosphere and

___________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

.

2. Liquid water condenses around

______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_

3. Tiny droplets then float in the air

Orographic lifting:• occurs when mountains

______________________________________

____________________________________________________________• As air is pushed over the mountain,

____________________________ ______________________________________________________________

Leeward

__________

&

__________

Windward

__________

&

__________

** When air expands, ______________, and when it’s

compressed, ________________. **

Today’s Objective: How Do Pressure Systems Cause Winds?

Wind –

______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

• Air moves from ______________________________________

Pressure Systems

High Pressure System

(AKA

_________________________ )

•Cool dry air ___________________

•Wind blows ___________________

and ____________

Low Pressure System

(AKA

_________________________ )

• Humid dry air ________________

•Wind blows ___________________

and ____________

How is Wind Measured?

There are two basic wind measurements:

_______________ & _____________

Wind Direction

• Measured using a _______________________

• If it blows more often from one direction it is called a

_____________________________

• In the US, the westerlies consistently move weather

________________

Wind Speed

• Measured using an ______________________

Today’s Objective: What Causes Local Winds?

• Local winds are caused by

_____________________________________

______________________________________________________________

• Example - ___________________________________

Specific Heat –

• Specific heat is

_______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

• Every object has it’s own specific heat listed on ______________• Liquid water has the

___________ specific heat

• This mean, water needs

______________________________

______________________________

__ to heat up or cool down.

Sea Breeze

• ______________________________

______________________________

_

• The air flows from

_____________

______________________________

_

Land Breeze

• ______________________________

______________________________

_

• The air flows from

_____________

______________________________

_

Today’s Objective: What Causes Global Winds?

• ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

• These winds blow

_____________________________________________

• At the equator,

________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

• At the poles,

__________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

• Wind is named based on

_______________________________________

• Planetary winds can be found on ___________________________

• These winds do NOT travel

in a straight path because

of the

____________________________

The Coriolis Effect –

• Is cause by

______________________

________________________________

________________________________

__

• Is responsible for _______________

________________________________

_

• In the Northern Hemisphere

_____

________________________________

_

• In the Southern Hemisphere

_____

________________________________

_

Today’s Objective: What Causes Surface Ocean Currents?

• ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

• Everything you need to know about ocean currents can be

found on ______________________

Try these . . . .

1. Name a warm current that runs along the west coast of Asia

________________________________

2. Name a cold current that runs around the southern portion of the globe.

__________________________________

3. Name a cold current that flows towards the equator on the east coast of Africa.

__________________________________