Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
B A T T L E O F T H E S U P E R P O W E R S : 1 9 4 6 - 1 9 9 1
Unit 11: The Cold War
Textbook Help
Remember your textbook has a lot of extrainformation that can really help you learn moreabout the Cold War.
We will be using Chapter 31.5 and all of chapter 33
Unit 11 FOQs
What was happening in Europe right after WW2?
What did the United States want to do in Europeafter WW2? What were its goals?
What did the United States do to fight communismduring the Cold War?
Why and how did the Soviet Union collapse?
End of the War
World War Two was the mostdestructive conflict in human history.Over 12 million soldiers died andOver 20 million civilians. Check out pg.792
Because of Allied airpower and thebrutality of war, many cities weredestroyed and countless people leftvictimized and homeless.
The Allied leaders meet in 1945 todecide how Europe would berepaired after the war was over.The two meetings were in Yaltaand Potsdam. During thosemeetings the United States andGreat Britain wanted democracy tobe established in Europe whileStalin wanted the Soviet stylecommunism to dominate. This wasthe start of BIG TROUBLE!
FOQ #1: What was happening in Europe rightafter WW2?
After the end of WW2,many important thingshappened.
Bad Guys were heldresponsible, one timeallies became enemies,and the rebuilding ofEurope began.
Check out 31.5 and usethis section to completeHomework #1
HW #1
Read pages 791-793.
Create an Idea Web that identifies all the stuff thathappened in Europe right after World War Two.
Use the sample on page 791 for help.
Stop at “New Conflicts Develop” on page 793.
Due next class
For EXTRA CREDIT add more than what is requiredto your idea web. Add more events that happenedafter WW2, add additional details to the events. Themore you do, the more extra credit you can get.
Nuremburg Trials
NAZI leaders and thoseresponsible for war crimeswere put on trial by theAllies after the war atNuremburg.
Japanese war crimes trialswere also held in Japan.
Those responsible forthe Holocaust and forcruelty in the DeathCamps were punished.
The End of an Alliance
Very soon after the end of WW2, theSoviet Union and the United Statesbecame distrustful of each other andenemies. Great Britain sided with the U.S.
Soon, these negative feelings began to showas Europe became divided. One sidesupporting the U.S. and the othersupporting the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union cut off all of EasternEurope from the western part. Churchillcalled it an “Iron Curtain.”
End of Day #1
Review FOQ #1
Please review your notes and homework assignment.
Now, in your own words and/or pictures create ananswer for FOQ #1
FOQ #2: What did the United States want to do in the worldafter WW2? What were its goals?
The UnitedStates want toaccomplish twoimportantthings in theworld.
First, it wantedto rebuild andfeedEuropeans.
Second, itwanted tocontain theSoviet Unionand not allow itto spreadcommunism.
The Rebuilding of Europe
The United States wantedto rebuild Europe andprovide food for itspeople…especially inGermany.
Named after the SupremeAllied Commander, GeorgeMarshall, the United Statesspent billions of dollars torebuild and feed much ofEurope. Check out the map.
Battle of the Superpowers: The Cold War Begins
Neither theUnited Statesnor the SovietUnion wouldback downagainst oneanother.
This leads toover forty yearsof conflict andrivalry thatwould changethe worldforever.
Two Countries Control the World
What is a Superpower?*strong economy*Huge geographic area*Tons of naturalresources*Atomic weapons
What is Cold War?*Indirect conflict*wars by proxy*Intense rivalries
HW #2: A Battle of Ideologies
Communism vs. Democracy/Capitalism
Cut and paste to use the link below to seewhat the two countries were thinking. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/
ideologicaldifferencesrev1.shtml
Make a “T” chart that lists the characteristics of thetwo ideologies that would guide the superpowersUnited States and the Soviet Union.
Lastly, take the “Bite Test” at the end of the link andsee how well you did!
End of Day #2
Review FOQ #2
Please review your notes and homework assignment.
Now, in your own words and/or pictures create ananswer for FOQ #2
FOQ #3: What did the United States do to fight communismduring the Cold War?
The United States did many thingsto try and ensure that communismwould not spread from EasternEurope.
In some cases, the US was successful,in others not so much. Here aresome examples:
The United States used its incrediblewealth and powerful military toconfront and stop the Soviet Union’seffort to spread communismthroughout the world…This wascalled the Truman Doctrine.
Protect Germany and Berlin
Efforts to keep Germanydemocratic failed as theUSSR was allowed to controlthe eastern half of thecountry.
Even though Berlin was in theeast, the US and othersworked hard to make sure atleast part of the city wouldremain free from Sovietinfluence.
West Berlin remained freewhile East Berlin was putbehind an actual wall.
HW #3
Read “Berlin Airlift” on page 794-795.
Study the political cartoon on page 797.
Carefully read, copy, and answer questions 26, 27,and 28.
Due next class.
Chinese Civil War
After the end of WorldWar Two, two groups inChina battled to decidethe future of theircountry. One side wassupported by the UnitedStates and the othersupported by the SovietUnion.
What side won the civilwar?
Korean War
American president HarryTruman presented his plan tocontain the spread ofcommunism throughout theworld.
America’s wealth and militarypower would be used to attemptto stop communism.
The Korean War (1950-1952) was aperfect example of the TrumanDoctrine in action. US backedSouth Korea battled China/USSRbacked North Korea.
The war ended without a clearwinner. Two Koreas would exist.
Later Conflicts
By the 1960s, there were anumber of different conflictsduring the Cold War.
The Cuban Missile Crisis waswhen the Soviet Uniondelivered nuclear missiles toCuba.
Later in the 1960s and1970s, there was anotherconflict in Asia. This time inVietnam. Like the KoreanWar, the North was fightingthe South. Guess who’sbehind this war?
The Space Race
The United States andthe Soviet Union bothrecognized the need toconquer space travel.
While the USSR wasfirst in many ways, theUnited States traveledto the moon severaltimes and was overallmuch more successfulin establishing humanpresence in space
End of Day #3
Review FOQ #3.
Please review your notes and homework assignment.
Now, in your own words and/or pictures create ananswer for FOQ #3.
FOQ #4: Why and how did the Soviet Unioncollapse?
The collapse of the SovietUnion and the end of the ColdWar happened for manyreasons.
The stresses caused byeconomic, political, andmilitary problems reallyillustrated how weak the SovietUnion had become during theforty plus years of the ColdWar.
Economic Problems
After the end of WW2, boththe US and USSR hadpowerful economies.
As the Cold War continuedthrough the 1950, 1960, up tothe 1980s, look where billionsof dollars was being spent.Nuclear weapons.
Where could that money havebeen spent by USSR?
The Soviet communist systemrequired huge economicsupport to other communistcountries.
This support began to fail!!
Political Problems
By the 1980s, the economicproblems in the Soviet Unionbegan to affect their ability tocontrol the satellite countries.
Poland, East Germany,Czechoslovakia, and others whorelied on Russian money ,found their funding cut. Whywould this funding be soimportant for control?
The Solidarity Movement inPoland and the VelvetRevolution in Czechoslovakiaproved that people of EasternEurope wanted independence.
Pro-democracy demonstrators inCzechoslovakia
By 1989, soviet control overEastern Europe collapsed!
Military Problems
Ultimately, the desire to keep a strongand powerful military led to the downfallof the USSR.
The Soviet Union spentbillions of rubbles to keep upwith the United Statesmilitary spending.
In addition to the arms race,the USSR also got involved inforeign conflicts such as inAfghanistan.
Lastly, the Soviet Union spenta lot of money supportingEastern Europeangovernments that usedmilitary threat to keep theirpeople under control.
End of Day #4
Review FOQ #4
Please review your notes and homework assignment.
Now, in your own words and/or pictures create ananswer for FOQ #4
Sum It Up Quiz
The Soviet Union and the United States were the two superpowers after WorldWar Two. What is a superpower?
The United States and Soviet Union each controlled parts of Europe. What wasthe symbolic term used to describe the divide between the east and west?
The United States rebuilt and fed Europe for the purpose of helping WesternEurope regain its strength. What was the name of the plan to accomplish this?
The United States decided to confront and contain communism all over theworld. What was the name given for this philosophy?
The USSR’s inability to support eastern European powers led to pro-democracymovements. Name two of those movements that happened in EasternEuropean countries.
