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Unit 11- Nervous SystemUnit 11- Nervous System
Nervous SystemNervous System Receives and relays Receives and relays
informationinformation Monitors and Monitors and
responds to responds to changes (internal, changes (internal, external)external)
Stimulus-ResponseStimulus-Response
Receptors & EffectorsReceptors & Effectors
Receptor Receptor Structure that detects Structure that detects
changechange Ex. skin, rods, cones, Ex. skin, rods, cones,
taste budstaste buds
Effector Effector Structure that Structure that
responds to a stimulusresponds to a stimulus Ex. muscles, glandsEx. muscles, glands
NeuronNeuron
Individual nerve cellIndividual nerve cell 3 types3 types Sensory neuronSensory neuron
carries impulses from carries impulses from receptors to brain/spinal receptors to brain/spinal cordcord
Motor neuronMotor neuron carries impulses from carries impulses from
brain/spinal cord to brain/spinal cord to effectorseffectors
Interneuron Interneuron connect the sensory to the connect the sensory to the
motor neuronsmotor neurons
Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse
Due to movement of Due to movement of Na+ ions and K+ ionsNa+ ions and K+ ions
Polarized = “-“ inside Polarized = “-“ inside “+” outside“+” outside
Resting PotentialResting Potential
Depolarized- ions move, Depolarized- ions move, neuron becomes “+” neuron becomes “+” inside, “-“ outsideinside, “-“ outside
Repolarized- ions move Repolarized- ions move again, return to again, return to “-“ inside, “+” outside“-“ inside, “+” outside
Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse
Action PotentialAction Potential Depolarization and Depolarization and
repolarization of a repolarization of a neuron membraneneuron membrane
Threshold Threshold The minimum level of The minimum level of
stimulus needed to start stimulus needed to start an impulsean impulse
Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter Chemicals released at Chemicals released at
the axon terminalsthe axon terminals Carry the “impulse” Carry the “impulse”
across the synaptic gapacross the synaptic gap
3 Basic Parts of Neuron3 Basic Parts of Neuron
DendriteDendrite Cell BodyCell Body AxonAxon
Diagram of ImpulseDiagram of Impulse
Diagram ADiagram A #1= polarized#1= polarized
Diagram BDiagram B #3= polarized#3= polarized #2= depolarized#2= depolarized
Diagram CDiagram C #6= polarized#6= polarized #5= depolarized#5= depolarized #4= repolarized#4= repolarized
Neuron Structure (p 1006)Neuron Structure (p 1006)
#5. Dendrite- #5. Dendrite- Extension that receives message and Extension that receives message and
carries impulse toward cell bodycarries impulse toward cell body
#4. Cell body#4. Cell body Contains the nucleus(#1) and most Contains the nucleus(#1) and most
cytoplasm of neuroncytoplasm of neuron
Neuron Structure (p 1006) Neuron Structure (p 1006)
#2. Axon#2. Axon Extension that carries Extension that carries
impulse away from cell impulse away from cell bodybody
Myelin- sheath that Myelin- sheath that surrounds axonsurrounds axon
Schwann Cell- makes Schwann Cell- makes up myelinup myelin
Node- space between Node- space between Schwann CellsSchwann Cells
Axon terminal- end of Axon terminal- end of axon at synapseaxon at synapse
Diagram- Neuron Structure (p Diagram- Neuron Structure (p 1006)1006)
#3. Synapse#3. Synapse Small gap between Small gap between
neuronsneurons
Right-Left Brain??Right-Left Brain?? WriteWrite BatBat ThrowThrow Wave “hello”Wave “hello” Leg crossedLeg crossed Hold forkHold fork Fold handsFold hands Take off shoeTake off shoe Standing weightStanding weight First stepFirst step Start skippingStart skipping Kick Kick Dominant eyeDominant eye Draw a dogDraw a dog Draw circleDraw circle Switch hands draw circleSwitch hands draw circle Count R’s and L’sCount R’s and L’s
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
1. You are welcomed in the kitchen by the 1. You are welcomed in the kitchen by the smell of one of your favorite foodssmell of one of your favorite foods. . You immediately ask what time the meal is You immediately ask what time the meal is being served.being served.
2. While you are 2. While you are studyingstudying in the library, in the library, two of your friends pass by your table. two of your friends pass by your table. You stop them to You stop them to talktalk for a few minutes. for a few minutes.
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
3. You have been 3. You have been joggingjogging for twenty for twenty minutes. Your minutes. Your heartbeat and breathing heartbeat and breathing ratesrates have increased. have increased.
4. You are working a gymnastics routine. 4. You are working a gymnastics routine.
You attempt to execute a You attempt to execute a difficult spin on difficult spin on the balance beamthe balance beam..
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
5. You notice that each time you wear a 5. You notice that each time you wear a certain wool sweater, your certain wool sweater, your skin itches skin itches where it contacts the woolwhere it contacts the wool..
6. While visiting the ocean you mastered 6. While visiting the ocean you mastered the skills necessary for the skills necessary for riding a riding a surfboardsurfboard..
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
7. You are planning to audition for a role 7. You are planning to audition for a role in the school play. The role requires in the school play. The role requires someone who can project someone who can project various various emotions.emotions.
8. You are sampling 8. You are sampling different types of different types of
perfume perfume in order to pick out which one in order to pick out which one you would like to buy.you would like to buy.
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
9. After being out in the snow for awhile, 9. After being out in the snow for awhile, your your body begins to shiverbody begins to shiver..
10. After twisting your knee during soccer 10. After twisting your knee during soccer practice, you find that a practice, you find that a whirlpool whirlpool relieves the painrelieves the pain..
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
11. While 11. While playing basketballplaying basketball, you steal , you steal the ball at mid-court and make a basket to the ball at mid-court and make a basket to tie the score.tie the score.
12. You have just find out that your dog 12. You have just find out that your dog has chewed up your favorite pair of tennis has chewed up your favorite pair of tennis shoes. You shoes. You shout at the dogshout at the dog and and slam slam your bedroom dooryour bedroom door. .
Brain FunctionsBrain Functions
13. At a picnic you 13. At a picnic you ate some fried ate some fried chicken and apple piechicken and apple pie..
14. You are taking a test that involves 14. You are taking a test that involves placing blocks of certain colors and placing blocks of certain colors and shapes into certain areasshapes into certain areas..
Central Nervous System (CNS)Central Nervous System (CNS)
Diagram-Diagram- 1. Cerebrum 1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum2. Cerebellum 3. Medulla oblongata3. Medulla oblongata 4. Spinal cord4. Spinal cord 5. Peripheral (spinal) 5. Peripheral (spinal)
nervesnerves
CNSCNS
Diagram- Lobes of Diagram- Lobes of CerebrumCerebrum a. frontal lobea. frontal lobe b. parietal lobeb. parietal lobe c. temporal lobec. temporal lobe d. occipital lobed. occipital lobe
Brain Functions- ID Brain PartBrain Functions- ID Brain Part
Cerebrum Cerebrum Voluntary, sensory input, Voluntary, sensory input,
motor output, memory, motor output, memory, thought, reason thought, reason
CerebellumCerebellum Involuntary, coordination, Involuntary, coordination,
balance, graceful balance, graceful movement movement
Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata Involuntary, heartbeat, Involuntary, heartbeat,
breathing, blood pressurebreathing, blood pressure
CNSCNS
Spinal cordSpinal cord Extension of brain through the vertebrae, Extension of brain through the vertebrae,
relays information to and from the brainrelays information to and from the brain
Cerebral Lobe Functions- ID LobeCerebral Lobe Functions- ID Lobe
TemporalTemporal taste, smell, hear, memory taste, smell, hear, memory
OccipitalOccipital vision, motor output, vision, motor output,
speechspeech
FrontalFrontal personality, learning, personality, learning,
thought, speech thought, speech
Parietal Parietal sensory input, touchsensory input, touch
CNS- ProtectionCNS- Protection CraniumCranium MeningesMeninges
Membranes surrounding Membranes surrounding the brain & spinal cordthe brain & spinal cord
Arachnoid layerArachnoid layer Middle layerMiddle layer
Dura materDura mater Outer layerOuter layer
Pia materPia mater Inner layerInner layer
Cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid Shock absorber, Shock absorber,
between arachnoid & pia between arachnoid & pia matermater
2 Divisions of Nervous System2 Divisions of Nervous System
Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem Brain Brain Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem All nerves extending to All nerves extending to
and from CNSand from CNS
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
Motor DivisionMotor Division carries impulses from carries impulses from
brain/spinal cord to brain/spinal cord to effectorseffectors
Sensory DivisionSensory Division carries impulses carries impulses
from sensory organs from sensory organs to brain/spinal cordto brain/spinal cord
Motor DivisionMotor Division
Autonomic SystemAutonomic System InvoluntaryInvoluntary Sympathetic SystemSympathetic System Parasympathetic Parasympathetic
SystemSystem
Somatic SystemSomatic System Under conscious Under conscious
controlcontrol
Reflex ArcReflex Arc
Quick response to Quick response to stimulusstimulus
Ex. Knee Jerk ReflexEx. Knee Jerk Reflex
Usually 3 neuronsUsually 3 neurons Sensory neuronSensory neuron InterneuronInterneuron Motor neuronMotor neuron