unit 1 soap

8/6/2019 unit 1 soap

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UNIT NUNIT N1 SOAP1 SOAPMiss Carolina Torres MndezMiss Carolina Torres Mndez

English language IVEnglish language IVAugust 2010.August 2010.


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SOAP = SOUPSOAP = SOUP


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Soup operasSoup operas

AA soapsoap opera,opera,sometimes calledsometimes called

"soap" for short, is"soap" for short, isan ongoing,an ongoing,episodic work ofepisodic work ofdramatic fictiondramatic fiction

presented in serialpresented in serialformat on televisionformat on televisionor radio.or radio.


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Reported speechReported speech

Im going home

Direct speechDirect speech

She said, Im going home.

February 25th March 4th

Reported speechReported speech

She said (that) she was

going home.


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ContentsContents

AskingAsking OrderingOrdering ProhibitingProhibitingAffirmative SentencesAffirmative Sentences

General QuestionsGeneral Questions Special QuestionsSpecial Questions


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Asking sb to do sthAsking sb to do sth

Tom said to Sarah,Tom said to Sarah,Give me yourGive me your

textbook, please!textbook, please! Tom asked Sarah toTom asked Sarah to

give him hergive him hertextbook.textbook.

A asks/asked B to + IA asks/asked B to + I


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Ordering sb to do sthOrdering sb to do sth

Father said to his son,Father said to his son,Bring me theBring me the

hammer and somehammer and somenails!nails!

Father told his son toFather told his son tobring him thebring him the

hammer and somehammer and somenails.nails.

A tells/told B to + IA tells/told B to + I


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Affirmative SentenceAffirmative Sentence

Mary said to Sal, ImMary said to Sal, Imhappy.happy.

Mary told Sal that sheMary told Sal that shewas happy.was happy.

A tells/told B (that) +A tells/told B (that) +backshiftbackshift


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General QuestionsGeneral Questions

Harry asked Ted, DidHarry asked Ted, Didyou leave the lightsyou leave the lights

on?on? Harry asked Ted if heHarry asked Ted if he

had left the lights on.had left the lights on.

A asks/asked B if +A asks/asked B if +backback--shift + wordshift + wordorder as in anorder as in anaffirmative sentenceaffirmative sentence


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Special QuestionsSpecial Questions

He said, Where is myHe said, Where is myprincess?princess?

He asked where hisHe asked where hisprincess was.princess was. A asks/asked B +A asks/asked B +

question word +question word +

backback--shift +shift +word order as in anword order as in anaffirmative sentenceaffirmative sentence


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1. Tense changes1. Tense changes

a.Basic tense changesa.Basic tense changesAs a rule when you report something someone has saidAs a rule when you report something someone has saidyou go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to theyou go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the

tense on the right):tense on the right):

Direct speechDirect speech Indirect speechIndirect speech

Present simplePresent simple

She said, "It's cold."She said, "It's cold."

Past simplePast simple

She said it was cold.She said it was cold.

Present continuousPresent continuous

She said, "I'm teachingShe said, "I'm teaching

English online."English online."

Past continuousPast continuous

She said she was teachingShe said she was teaching

English online.English online.Present perfect simplePresent perfect simple

She said, "I've been onShe said, "I've been on

the web since 1999."the web since 1999."

Past perfect simplePast perfect simple

She said she had been on theShe said she had been on the

web since 1999.web since 1999.


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Present perfect continuousPresent perfect continuous

She said, "I've been teachingShe said, "I've been teaching

English for seven years."English for seven years."

Past perfect continuousPast perfect continuous

She said she had been teachingShe said she had been teaching

English for seven years.English for seven years.

Past simplePast simple

She said, "I taught onlineShe said, "I taught online

yesterday."yesterday."

Past perfectPast perfect

She said she had taught onlineShe said she had taught online

yesterday.yesterday.

Past continuousPast continuous

She said, "I was teachingShe said, "I was teaching

earlier."earlier."


She said she had been teachingShe said she had been teaching

earlier.earlier.


She said, "The lesson hadShe said, "The lesson had

already started when healready started when he

arrived."arrived."


NO CHANGENO CHANGE -- She said the lessonShe said the lesson

had already started when hehad already started when he

arrived.arrived.


She said, "I'd already beenShe said, "I'd already been

teaching for five minutes."teaching for five minutes."


NO CHANGENO CHANGE -- She said she'dShe said she'd

already been teaching for fivealready been teaching for five

minutes.minutes.


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b. Other tense changesb. Other tense changesModal verb forms also sometimes change:Modal verb forms also sometimes change:


willwill

She said, "I'll teach EnglishShe said, "I'll teach English

online tomorrow."online tomorrow."

wouldwould

She said she would teach EnglishShe said she would teach English

online tomorrow.online tomorrow.

cancan

She said, "I can teach EnglishShe said, "I can teach English

online."online."

couldcould

She said she could teach EnglishShe said she could teach English

online.online.

mustmust

She said, "I must have aShe said, "I must have a

computer to teach Englishcomputer to teach English

online."online."

had tohad to

She said she had to have aShe said she had to have a

computer to teach English online.computer to teach English online.

shallshall

She said, "What shall we learnShe said, "What shall we learntoday?"today?"

shouldshould

She asked what we should learnShe asked what we should learntoday.today.

maymay

She said, "May I open a newShe said, "May I open a new

browser?"browser?"

mightmight

She asked if she might open aShe asked if she might open a

new browser.new browser.

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.


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Things are slightly more complicated with imperatives.

positive imperativepositive imperative

Shut up!Shut up!

tell + infinitivetell + infinitive

He told me to shut up.He told me to shut up.

negative imperativenegative imperative

Don't do that again!Don't do that again!

tell + not + infinitivetell + not + infinitive

He told me not to do itHe told me not to do it

again.again.

imperatives as requestsimperatives as requests

Please give me some money.Please give me some money.

ask + infinitiveask + infinitive

He asked me to give himHe asked me to give himsome money.some money.


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You can use the present tense in reported speech if

you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has

always been and will always be Lynne


"My name is Lynne""My name is Lynne",,

she said.she said.

She said her name wasShe said her name was

Lynne.Lynne.

She said her name is Lynne.She said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are

talking about a future event.

Direct speech (exactDirect speech (exact

quote)quote) Indirect speech (not exact)Indirect speech (not exact)

"Next week's lesson is"Next week's lesson is

on reported speech "on reported speech ",,

she said.she said.

She said next week's lessonShe said next week's lesson

is on reported speech.is on reported speech.


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2. Time and place changes2. Time and place changes

Time and place references often have to change:Time and place references often have to change: If the reported sentence contains an expression of time,If the reported sentence contains an expression of time,

you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.

nownow thenthen

todaytoday that daythat day

herehere therethere

thisthis thatthat

this weekthis week that weekthat week

tomorrowtomorrow

the following daythe following day

the next daythe next day

the day afterthe day after


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next weeknext week

the following weekthe following week

the next weekthe next week

the week afterthe week after

YesterdayYesterday the previous daythe previous daythe day beforethe day before

last weeklast week the previous weekthe previous week

the week beforethe week before

AgoAgo

previouslypreviously

beforebefore

2 weeks ago2 weeks ago 2 weeks previously2 weeks previously

2 weeks before2 weeks before

TonightTonight that nightthat night

last Saturdaylast Saturday the previous Saturdaythe previous Saturdaythe Saturday beforethe Saturday before

next Saturdaynext Saturday

the following Saturdaythe following Saturday

the next Saturdaythe next Saturday

the Saturday afterthe Saturday after

that Saturdaythat Saturday


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ExercisesExercises

Hello, my name isHello, my name isLeo.Leo.

I am 35 years old.I am 35 years old.

I have lived in Usa forI have lived in Usa for30 years.30 years.

I was married once.I was married once.

I am a famous actor.I am a famous actor.

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unit 1 soap