UNIT 1 TOPICS

Landscape design its meaning

Objectives and scope of landscape planning

Relationship between interiors (Commercial, Residential) & Landscape NOTES

Landscape design its meaning

Landscape design is the art of arranging or modifying the features of a yard, an urban area, etc., for aesthetic or practical purposes. It is often divided into two major parts: hardscape and softscape. Both landscape designers and landscape architects practice landscape design. "Hardscape" consists of the inanimate elements of landscaping, especially any masonry work or woodwork.

For example, stone walls, concrete or brick patios,tile paths, wooden decks would all be considered part of the hardscape. But by extension, anything used in landscaping that is not part of the softscape can be considered a hardscape element, including home accents such as water fountains . Softscape comprises the animate, horticultural elements of landscape design, i.e., plants. Softscape elements are complemented by hardscape design elements, such as stone walls, tile patios and brick walkways.

Landscape Design Elements

Color, line, texture, form and scale in landscape design

Color In landscape design, color is crucial. Color brings a garden to life by adding

dimension and interest. It can be added with plant material or hardscapes, such as

paving, walls or fences. Similar colors can be used to create harmony, while different

colors can be used to create contrast. Additionally, warm colors will have a different

effect than cool colors. Often, landscapers decide to opt for a color theme that helps

unite the entire landscape.

Ways color can be used in a landscape:

Draw attention to an important feature (fountain, tree, sculpture, etc.)

Blend the outdoors with the colors of the home

Attract wildlife

Provide seasonal variety

Create a mood

Line Often line refers to the structures within a landscape—think of the edges of a

walkway or flower bed, or the perimeter of a patio or deck. The way line is employed will

greatly impact the flow of a garden. Straight lines and hard angles will create a formal

look, while curved lines will create an informal look.

Tips for using line in garden design:

Vertical lines can be used to pull the eye up and make a space feel larger. Tall trees

or an arbor can be used to add vertical lines to a yard.

Horizontal lines can make a space feel bigger by pulling the eye along the ground.

Garden walls, walkways, or small hedges can be used to add horizontal lines to a

yard.

Texture Generally texture is added to a garden with plants. However, texture can also

be created using hardscape materials. Plant texture refers to the fineness or

coarseness, roughness or smoothness, heaviness or lightness of a particular plant. A

plant's flowers, leaves, bark, and branches all have texture. Using plants with different

textures is a great way to create variety in a garden.

Form

The shape or structure of a plant or object is its form. What forms are used is dependent

on the landscape design theme. For example, a formal garden should have tailored

forms such as clipped hedges and topiaries, while an informal garden will have more

natural, flowing forms. Trees have distinct forms, so this is a good place to start.

Scale

In outdoor design, scale refers to the size relationship between elements within the

garden and the surrounding spaces. As long as you make size choices that are suitable

for the setting, the scale of your design will be appropriate. When deciding on the right

scale for plants and landscape structures consider the size of your home as well as your

available yard space.

Landscape Design Principles

Proportion, order, repetition and unity

The principles of landscape design are guidelines, or tools, that designers use to create

attractive, pleasing and comfortable landscapes. The landscape design principles are

proportion, order, repetition and unity.

Proportion Proportion refers to the size of an object in relation to other objects in the

landscape. It's important to think about proportion between plants and hardscapes.

Order Order refers to the organization and balance in a landscape. Order can be

achieved in your yard by using the more formal symmetrical balance or the informal

asymmetrical balance.

Repetition The goal of repetition is to create predictable and familiar patterns and

sequences in the landscape. To achieve this, landscape design elements or specific

features can be repeated throughout the space.

Unity In landscape design, unity refers to the perceived sense that everything is

connected and works together to create the whole. Employing a design theme or style

will help you achieve unity in your yard.

What Does a Landscape Designer Do?

A landscape designer creates attractive, functional outdoor spaces for homeowners,

businesses, schools and other organizations. Many landscape designers own their own

businesses, while others work at larger firms or as consultants at plant nurseries. Still

others work for government bodies. Some of a landscape designer's job duties vary by

industry, but drawing plans, selecting plants and installing structures like walkways and

water features are important tasks in most landscape jobs.

Objectives and scope of landscape planning

The Planning Act ensures that the overall planning synthesizes the interests of society with respect to land use and contributes to protecting the country's nature and environment, so that sustainable development of society with respect for people's living conditions and for the conservation of wildlife and vegetation is secured. Spatial planning especially aims towards:

appropriate development in the whole country and in the individual administrative regions and municipalities, based on overall planning and economic considerations;

creating and conserving valuable buildings, settlements, urban environments and landscapes;

the open coasts continuing to comprise an important natural and landscape resource;

preventing pollution of air, water and soil and noise nuisance; and Involving the public in the planning process as much as possible.

Relationship between interiors (Commercial, Residential) & Landscape

Interior landscaping:

People like plants. And where there are people, the indoor environment is improved by the addition of a well-planned, well-executed and well-maintained interiorscape.

The interior landscape process consists of three main components:

Design/consultation Installation Maintenance

An interior landscape company may offer all or some of these services. Design and consultation services A good design offers logical solutions to potential site concerns and ensures the compatibility of plant selection with proposed environmental conditions. Whether the project is a new installation or the refurbishing of an existing interiorscape, the key to success is a good planning process, best facilitated by the hiring of a qualified interiorscape designer or consultant. Services offered by designers include:

design and planting specifications evaluation of existing installations writing of project specifications writing of, or evaluation of, third party maintenance contracts sourcing of plant materials, products and accessories

Installation

Maintenance

Seasonal colour

Seven ways an interior landscape can benefit your business:

1. First impressions count By adding plants to your decor, you can help create a positive first impression for both potential customers and employees.

2. People like plants Finding and retaining good employees is a challenge. Studies show that people are attracted to environments enhanced with plants and tend to stay in the employ of those companies for a longer period of time.

3. Plants reduce stress Plants have a humanizing effect on otherwise sterile office environments. This reduces stress and increases productivity.

4. Plants play a big role in “green” buildings When combined with current technologies, plants help to optimize the humidity and cooling requirements necessary to create energy-efficient buildings.

5. Live plants reduce ‘sick building syndrome’ Property managers face a serious dilemma; on one hand buildings need to be energy efficient, on the other hand, reduced air circulation is a primary contributing factor to an increased number of employee sick days. Studies prove that indoor plants improve air quality and reduce employee absenteeism.

6. Plants reduce noise levels Open office concepts in today’s busy workplace environments often result in noisy distractions and a less productive workplace. Well-placed plants can actually abate noise.

7. Too expensive? Interior plants offer a great For all of the reasons listed above and more, interior landscaping has proven to be one of the most cost-effective interior decor expenditures.

UNIT II TOPICS

HORTICULTURE

Principles of space establishment

Plant characteristics & its selection

Planting designs & Terrace Gardening

Principles of Landscape Design

The principles of landscape design include the elements of unity, scale, balance, simplicity, variety, emphasis, and sequence as they apply to line, form, texture, and color. These elements are interconnected.

Landscape design is a process of developing practical and pleasing outdoor living space. .

Unity is the Quality of Oneness.

Unity attracts and holds attention. It organizes view into orderly groups with emphasis. Unity starts with the story line developed in the family analysis, Step 2, in the design process

Line Connects and Defines the Space, Creating Outdoor Rooms

Lines are a powerful design element that define rooms and connect people to the landscape.For a professional touch, use sweeping bold lines and curves rather than small zigzags and small wavy

curves. With Lines, Delineate Softscape and Hardscape Area Creating Outdoor Room. .

Notice the strong use of "line" here. The path (primary line) invites you into the garden. Secondary lines form the beds.

In this private garden, the "line" formed by the edge of the pond creates an amazing space as the plants reflect in the water. The line defines the space and pulls you into the landscape.

Form Includes the Three-Dimensional Mass.

Form is determined by the line, direction, and arrangement of branches and twigs. The resulting mass influences the scale. For unity, repeat the topography form in plant forms.

Horizontal and spreading forms emphasis the lateral extent and breath of space. They are comfortable because it corresponds with the natural direction of eye movement.

Rounded forms are most common in plant materials. They allow for easy eye movement and create a pleasant undulation that leads itself to plant groupings.

Vase-shaped trees define a comfortable “people space” beneath the canopy.

Weeping forms lead the eye back to the ground. What is below the weeping form often becomes a focal point.

Pyramidal forms direct the eyes upward, so use sparingly. Grouping pyramidals will soften the upward influence. They will look more natural in the surroundings with foliage to the ground.

. Plant forms.

Texture is Fine/Coarse, Heavy/Light, Thin /Dense, and Light/Shade.

Texture can be defined as the relationship between the foliage and twig size, and the mass of the plants. Close up, texture comes from the size and shape of the leaves, the size of twigs, spacing of leaves and twigs, the colors and shading, the gloss or dullness of leaves. etc. At a distance, texture comes from the entire mass effect of plants and the qualities of light and shadows.

Texture changes with distance. Close-up texture comes from the size and shape of leaves, twigs and branches. At a distance, texture comes from the mass and play of light.

Four season gardening is all about texture gardening. Without the summer color, texture becomes the primary design element.

Texture rules here in the Japanese Garden at Butchart Gardens, Victoria, BC. Notice how the fine texture created by the moss plays with the coarse texture of the tree trunks and lantern. In Japanese gardening, the lantern is a symbol that this is sacred space, leave your cares and worries behind.

Color Gives Greatest Appeal, and Evokes the Greatest Response.

How Does Color Speak to You?

Color is powerful in creating mood and feeling. "Color therapy" is a popular topic in our rapid paced modern world. What moods and feeling do various color create for you? What colors work for the landscape story line? What moods and feeling do you want in the garden? Is it a room for relaxation and healing or a room for action activities?

What do colors say?

Red

Passion

Courage

Power

Yellow

Joy

Happiness

Communications

Blue

Imagination

Calm

Serenity

Green

Harmony

Beginnings

Prosperity

Color is the most powerful of the design elements. Choose colors carefully to create the mood desired in the story line.

What Color Schemes Work for the Design Theme?

Wealth

Motivation

Fame

Inspiration

Sunshine

Optimism

Relaxation

Compassion

Reflection

Nature

Growth

Healing

Orange

Enthusiasm

Joy

Exuberance

interaction

fun

Captivation

Sex

Purple

Intuition

Devotion

Respect

Peace

Spirituality

Awareness

Deity

Royalty

White

Purity

Innocence

Faith

Benevolence

Honesty

Grace

Pink

Love

Sweetness

Uplifting

happiness

Tenderness

Enticement

Cool Colors

green, blue, purple

Less conspicuous

Restful

Recede

Warm Colors

red, yellow, orange

Conspicuous

Cheerful

Stimulating

Scale Evokes Emotional Connection and is Closely Related to Color.

Absolute scale relates the comparative value of landscape elements to a fixed structure (house).

In absolute scale, the small trees on the left drawing give the feeling that the house is large. On the right drawing, the large trees give the feeling that the house is small. Both houses are the same size.

Relative scale relates to comparative relative sizes or "values" of objects in the landscape. Relative scale is very emotionally charged and closely linked to color. It may create a feeling of relaxation and peacefulness or one of energy and action.

Suggest distance

Low scale

Come forward

High Scale

Relative scale compares the size or "value" of the landscape elements. Perception of tree size is based on the relative size of the person. Being emotionally charged, relative scale can create feelings of action or relaxation.

Low scale is relaxing and calming. It is used in the home landscape to give a feeling of peace and relaxation.

. In this private garden in Steamboat Springs, CO, the low

scale creates a relaxing, renewing atmosphere.

High scale promotes action. It is used around large buildings and in large spaces to fill the space. Use of high scale in small spaces makes the space feel smaller.

. Here in the fountain area at Butchart Gardens, scale is high with the brightly colored flowers. The action feeling of high scale helps move people through.

Balance is Equilibrium on Left and Right Sides.

Formal balance repeats the same left and right, giving stability, stateliness, and dignity. It is high maintenance keep both side similar. [Figures 14 and 15]

Informal balance differs from left to right giving curiosity, movement, and feels alive. Total mass of plants need to balance left and right. [Figures 14 and 16]

Which gives the “feeling” desired by the story line and design?

Figure 14. Formal balance (left) and informal balance (right).

The stately Italian Garden at Hatley Park, Victoria, BC, is a great example of formal balance.

The Herb Garden at Government House, Victoria, BC is an excellent example of informal balance being relaxing and free flowing.

Simplicity and Variety

Simplicity and variety work together to balance each other. Simplicity is a degrees of repetition rather than constant change, creating unity. Variety is diversity and contrast in form, texture, and color preventing monotony. [Figures 17 to 20]

For simplicity, repeat some plant materials in sweeps and groupings.

For variety, fill in with other plants. Avoid creating a horticultural zoo! (two of each) Zipper plantings (repeating the same pattern over and over

again like red-white-red-white) lack simplicity and variety, rather creating monotony.

.

In this simple drawing, simplicity is gained with the shrub row repeating the same plant materials. Variety is added with the tree.

For simplicity, repeat some plant materials in sweeps and groupings. Fill in with other plants for variety.

Simplicity is created by several hundred Hosta in this large bed. Variety is created by placing some in clusters of pots. - Innis Gardens, Columbus, Ohio

At Abkhazi Garden, Victoria, BC, simplicity is created with the row of purple heather and the lawn (the "Yangtze River"). Variety is created with an assortment of plant materials on the rocky hillside.

In this park, people enjoyed taking pictures of the various flowerbeds. However, they didn't take pictures of this zipper planting (same elements repeated over and over again) finding it monotonous.

Emphasis is Dominance and Subordination of Elements.

The human mind looks for dominance and subordination in life. As we look at a landscape from any direction, we need to see dominance and subordination of various elements. If we don't find it, we withdraw from the landscape. Some gardens lack the dominant element. Others suffer with too many dominate elements screaming to be the focal point. [Figure 22-24]

Emphasis can be achieved through different sizes, bold shapes, groupings, and the unusual or unexpected. What is the focal point?

Emphasis is achieved with the tree being dominant and the shrub grouping being subordinate.

In this private garden, emphasis is added with the blooming Astelbe.

. Ornamental grass often adds emphasis to a garden spot.

Sequence is the Change or Flow in Form, Color, Texture, and Size Giving Movement or Life

Sequence with Texture

Change leaf size of adjacent different plants by at least one-half. Use proportionally larger numbers of fine textured plants. [Figure 25]

In texture sequence, change leaf size of adjacent different types of plants by at least one-half. Use more of the finer textured plant.

In a flower/shrub bed, use coarser texture, larger plants in the back; sequencing to finer textured, smaller plants in the front inside-curve.

In texture sequence, place the fine texture plants in the inside curve and the coarse texture plants opposite. This is the way Mother Nature would do it. Look at the river. The sand bank is on the inside curve and the cliff opposite.

Texture and distance – Texture becomes finer with distance. In a distant corner, place finer textures in the corner, sequencing to coarser textures on the arms.

Textures get finer with distance. Place the fine textured plants in the distant corner with coarser textured plants toward the viewer.

Sequence with Color

There are few basic rules on how much warm and cool colors to use. However, watch that the scale does not become too commanding. More is NOT better. As a rule-of-thumb, the designs needs 90% green to set off the 10% color.

Darkest shades and the purest intensity dominate and should be used at the focal point.

Warm colors work best in sequence. Using cool colors in contrast is more effective than sequences.

Color Sequence

1. Decide what color(s) will be used. 2. Decide if light or dark will dominate. – The darker or

more intense (pure) the color, the more it will show up and dominate the scene.

3. Calculate the number of plants of each color using this rule-of-thumb.

. Establish the largest amount of dark/dominant color that will be used.

a. Select the next lighter shade and increase the number of plants by one-third.

b. Select the next lighter shade and increase the number of plants by one-third.

c. Continue the ratio to the lightest color. [Figure 28]

.

In color sequence, select which color will dominate (darkest or purest color) and use proportionally more of the other colors as it works out.

Grouping for best effect – Kidney or crescent shaped groupings create a natural flowing design. [Figure 29]

For a natural looking effect, place colors in interlocking kidney shapes. This is the way Mother Nature plants giving the bed the the feeling that it is alive and breathing

Color contrasts

Monochrome light/dark color contrasts – Use one-third one shade and two-thirds the other shade. [Figure 30]

Complementary color contrasts – Use one-third one color and two-thirds the complementary color.

In color contrasts, use two-third one color (for dominance) and one-thirds of the other color (for subordination), rather than half and half.

Create effective plant combinations by paring opposites

To create plant combinations with pizzazz, pair opposites.

Fine/Course Short/Tall Round/Upright Thugs/Dainty Small/Large Color contrasts

Examples of paring opposites for pizzazz

One of the most important steps in landscape design and management is appropriate plant selection and placement. Indeed, the principle of "the right plant in the right place" can prevent many common problems associated with landscapes and potentially reduce maintenance requirements. "Right plant, right place" is a short phrase that embodies many art- and- science based concepts for landscapes. The fundamental concept is choosing plant species, varieties, cultivars, provenances, or genotypes that are adapted to the location and situation in which they are placed. Fulfilling this concept requires knowledge of plant and site characteristics, including environmental and growing requirements, function, and aesthetics. It also is useful to remember that a successful planting design often is a compromise between the science of growing plants and the desire for artistic expression with plants.

Function, Aesthetics, and Environmental Requirements

Choosing the right plant and location requires knowledge of the site and the activities that take place there. Three questions to ask about plants are:

1. Functionally: What do you want the plant to do? 2. Aesthetically: What do you want the plant to look like? 3. Environmentally: What conditions does the plant need to grow?

A site inventory and analysis help guide plant choices by asking what environmental conditions exist on the site. The site inventory is a plan or aerial view showing the location of environmental conditions, including areas of sun and shade, dry and wet areas, soil type, views, wind direction, circulation routes, spatial dimensions, architectural features, and facilities needed for activities. An inventory also includes needs and desires of the client or users of the space. An analysis of the inventory determines the type of plants needed to fit the existing environmental conditions, the functional requirements of the space, and the aesthetic desires of the user.

Table lists the functional uses, aesthetic plant characteristics, and site or environmental conditions to be considered when selecting and placing plant material.

Table 1.

Function, aesthetic, and environmental considerations

Function Aesthetics Environment

Climate control

Visual control

Physical control

Erosion and water control

Color

Texture

Form

Size

Soil characteristics

Light level

Water quality

USDA hardiness zone

Noise and odor control Temperature ranges

Wind tolerance

Disease and pest interactions

Air pollution

Maintenance and culture practices

Life span

Site Conditions and Functional Characteristics of Plants

Plants serve many functions in the landscape, including human comfort, screens and barriers, and soil protection. When choosing plants for a particular function, consider characteristics such as size, shape, density of foliage, texture, root mass, and rate of growth. Plants should be selected based on their ability to create the desired functional effect and thrive in the growing conditions of the site.

Climate Control – Plants can effectively modify the microclimate for human comfort by affecting humidity, air temperature, and air movement. Trees and other vegetation cool air temperature through the reflection of solar radiation, which creates shade, and through transpiration (water evaporation) from the leaves. Trees also can provide windbreaks to block cold air or funnel air to increase cooling breezes.

Visual Control – Plants can be arranged to either partially or fully screen unwanted views from a building—such as roads, trash cans, utilities, or parking lots—or to direct views to building entrances or pedestrian zones. Plants can create privacy from outside views into a building, such as from roads or parking lots, and provide pleasant outdoor gathering areas by creating the feeling of enclosure with vegetation overhead. Visual comfort also can be influenced by the use of plants overhead to reduce glare from sunlight. Additionally, plants on vertical surfaces reduce reflected light bouncing off the surface.

Physical Control – Plants are useful for controlling the physical movement of people or animals. Tall, dense plants provide physical barriers that prevent access and cannot be seen through. Shorter, less dense, but wider plantings create implied barriers that separate areas and discourage access, while still allowing views. When using plants to control or direct pedestrian movement, wear resistance is a consideration, particularly in places where pedestrians or pets may walk on plants. Some species tolerate foot traffic well, while others do not.

Erosion and Water Control – Plants prevent erosion in several ways: leaves break the impact of raindrops, rough bark and twigs slow water flow, and fibrous roots near the surface trap and retain soil. These same characteristics control and hold stormwater on site by slowing the speed of water flow across the soil surface, allowing for greater

filtration and cleaning of the water. A plant buffer is helpful along waterfronts to block the flow of pollutants carried by water, such as pesticides and fertilizer, into larger water bodies.

Noise and Odor Control – Sounds and odor can be mitigated with plantings. Effectiveness depends on the type, density, height, and location of the plants. Locating plants to block the prevailing wind that comes from the source of the odor or noise serves this purpose well.

Site Conditions and Aesthetic Characteristics of Plants

Many business owners are concerned with the aesthetic appeal of their businesses because it helps to attract customers and improve property value. Contrary to popular belief, beauty is not only in the eye of the beholder—there are common design characteristics that are generally considered to have aesthetic value. Most people enjoy nature and the variety of color, texture, and forms that plants offer. There also is a general preference for some level of organization in the landscape.

Colors and textures of the architectural material of the building or landscape elements, such as plazas or courtyards, often influence plant choice for aesthetic value. Choices also depend on personal preferences and the availability of landscape plants. Plants should be selected to enhance the architecture, hardscape, and existing vegetation by contrasting or complementing the color, form, or texture. Organization is achieved through repetition of color, form, or texture at specific locations in the landscape to create a recognizable pattern. Plants should be chosen for their ability to personalize the business, enhance the surrounding buildings, shift attention away from less desirable views, and bring a sense of beauty to the environment.

Color – Color is the most attractive and visual characteristic of plants, but it also is the most fleeting, as most plants display prominent color only during short bloom periods. Light qualities of the site—sunny or shady areas—affect the perception of color. Warm, bright colors, such as yellows and whites, are best for shade, and all colors work well in sunny areas. Color theory—the science of color combinations—can help guide the selection of a color scheme for mixed plantings.

Texture – Plants have a wide range of textures, from soft and furry to stiff and thorny. Textures are typically described as coarse, medium, or fine. Texture is the most variable quality of a plant—it can change with the seasons when plants lose their foliage, and it can change with viewing distance. Many trees, such as oaks, have a rough texture when viewed close up, but the small leaves create a finer texture when viewed from a distance. Texture provides contrast and interest, but the use of the space is a very important consideration when choosing plant texture. Plants with stickers or thorns should be avoided in pedestrian walkways or sitting areas for patrons.

Form – Form, or growth habit, is the most recognizable or obvious quality of a plant. Form and size are the primary determinants of location. Choose the plant form most

appropriate for the desired function and the shape and size of the space. For example, sprawling vines are not appropriate by walkways where they require constant trimming for safety; however, trees with a wide, sprawling canopy are appropriate for shade over the walkway. It is important to remember that plant proportions change over time. A tree may be upright and columnar when it is young, but develop into a broad spreading specimen with age. Consideration of form also helps determine if plant material should be used in masses or as individual specimens.

Size – Plants grow, obviously, but this fact is sometimes forgotten when plants are selected and installed at a site. It is very important to consider the size of the plant when it is fully mature. The one-gallon arborvitae planted along the foundation of the building may look right at the time of installation, but given time, it will outgrow its location. Finally, the relative size of plants in a design changes; some grow faster than others. Remember, a landscape is a dynamic system of living plants that grows and changes with time. Indeed, plant size is one of the most often overlooked characteristics when plant materials are selected. Selected plant materials frequently are too large for the space in which they are planted. Examples include planting a row of live oaks, which may grow to 70' tall, under overhead power lines, or planting a sweet viburnum hedge that will eventually grow 25' tall in front of windows. This leads to the need for extensive and often unsightly pruning to keep plants at the appropriate size.

Another common mistake when selecting a plant is placing it too close to a structure. For example, a tree species may be selected that only grows to 25', which is in scale with most commercial lots. However, a tree of this size should not be planted too close to a building. This can lead to damage to the structure as the tree grows too large for the space in which it was planted.

Plants also can be too small for the space or application. A privacy hedge that only grows to 5' tall is not adequate for most situations. Dwarf crapemyrtles on a large commercial site may not grow large enough to provide the effect intended and can be lost in an open area.

Site Conditions and Environmental Requirements for Plants

Soil Characteristics

Soils are one of the most frequently overlooked site characteristics when plant materials are selected, yet they are critical to a plant's survival. The soil's pH, salinity, and fertility often are difficult to manipulate, so it is important to select plant materials that tolerate natural soil conditions. Soil moisture must be considered, even if an irrigation system is available. Try to select plants that match the site's natural moisture regime. Swales and low areas are wetter, while berms and high spots are not good locations for plants with high water requirements. Selecting plants suited to the natural moisture conditions of the soil decreases or eliminates the need for artificial irrigation or drainage.

Light Level

The amount of light a site receives is an important consideration when selecting plant material. Buildings and other structures may affect how much light a site receives. Generally, the south and west sides of a building are exposed to more light than the north and east sides. Trees and other plants in the landscape also can alter the amount of light on a given site. Some trees provide denser shade than others, and this helps determine the performance of plants growing underneath. Plants that do not receive enough light often grow weakly and become "leggy." Plants adapted to shade and lower light usually show signs of sunburn or scald when planted in too much sun.

Water Quality

Water quality issues, like salinity and alkalinity, play an important role in determining plant performance. Alternative water sources, such as reclaimed water and greywater, may have elevated salinity levels. If the salinity of the irrigation water is high enough, it can damage plant materials. Salt spray is a problem in many coastal landscapes, and care should be taken to select salt-tolerant plants. Water splashed from swimming pools, spas, and chlorinated fountains also can damage landscape plants.

The type of irrigation system available influences plant selection. Overhead irrigation systems are the most efficient for large areas of turf, while beds of ornamental plants are most efficiently irrigated with micro-irrigation (i.e., drip irrigation). The size of the irrigation system also dictates the maximum amount of water it delivers and must be considered when selecting plant material. If water quality is an issue for your landscape, micro-irrigation is best to help avoid salt damage to foliage.

Temperature Ranges

Daytime temperatures play an important role in determining the performance of a plant at a given location. When temperatures are too low, many plants, especially tropicals, perform poorly. Alternatively, high temperatures limit the growth of many plants. The high summer temperatures in Florida are what limit many annual species to the cool season.

Nighttime temperatures are a commonly overlooked consideration when selecting plant material. Many plants have nighttime temperature requirements that are different than their daytime temperature requirements. This is one reason many desert plants may perform poorly in a humid environment. They may be adapted to 110°F during the day, but they are adapted to much lower nighttime temperatures than we experience in Florida. These warmer nights speed up a plant's metabolism so much that it cannot produce enough food through photosynthesis to maintain itself.

Reflected heat from surfaces in a landscape also affects the choice of plant material for a site. For example, the reflected heat from a west-facing wall may be too intense for

some species, but it also may provide adequate warmth for others to survive in the winter.

Wind Tolerance

When we think of wind as a problem in a landscape, we usually think of high winds associated with storms. If the landscape is in a location where this type of storm is likely, plants that stand up to this type of wind should be used. Planting techniques, such a grouping trees close together to buffer each other, also can be used. Less intense and prevalent winds are a consideration for plant selection in certain situations. Hilltops and coastal areas often require plants that can contend with frequent winds. Buildings channel wind across portions of a landscape, creating windy conditions. In these situations, care should be taken to select plants that perform well where it is windy.

Disease and Pest Interactions

If there is a limiting disease, or if a pest is present on a site, select plants that are disease and pest resistant. For example, if you know powdery mildew is a common problem in a landscape, select one of the newer crapemyrtle varieties that are resistant.

Air Pollution

Air pollution can be a limiting factor for plants in some situations. Landscapes in areas that experience high levels of air pollution for at least part of the year should use plant materials that are tolerant of pollutants like ozone, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.

Maintenance and Cultural Practices

Maintenance requirements of plant material are another important consideration. Choose low-maintenance plants for areas that are difficult or inconvenient to access and avoid materials that require frequent chemical application in areas frequented by people and pets. It is much easier to maintain plants that require more attention when they are grouped together and are easy to access.

Life Span

Many plants have a certain life expectancy. It is important to remember that the plants in a landscape may complete their natural or effective life span and have to be removed. For short-lived species, keep in mind that they decline. The decline and removal of plants is not necessarily a problem; it should be a planned part of the dynamic life of the landscape. Short-lived plants can act as placeholders until other species grow large enough to have the desired impact or effect. Short-lived plants provide an opportunity for change in the landscape when the old landscape becomes too familiar. A smart way to plan for change is to use long-lived, larger plants in most of the landscape and

smaller plants with a shorter life span in highly visible areas, such as entryways or pathways, where most homeowners are likely to desire change.

Benefits of "Right Plant, Right Place"

Consideration of the growing needs of plants, the site characteristics, and the functional and aesthetic needs of the user will guide the selection and siting of plants and result in a healthier, long-lived, low-maintenance, and less costly landscape that is functional and enjoyable for the user.

What is a Terrace Garden

The term “terrace garden” can refer to two different types of gardens. In one sense, a terrace garden

is a garden which is established on a terrace, roof, or patio, usually in a house where there is limited

gardening space. These types of gardens are especially popular in urban areas, and they are

sometimes used in restaurants and other establishments as well. A terrace garden can also be a

garden which is built in a series of raised or “terraced” beds against a hillside. Terrace agriculture is

often the only way to utilize steep land, and some very ancient examples of terrace gardens can be

found in South America and Asia.

Terrace gardens in the sense of patio or rooftop gardens can be ornamental or functional, and they

are usually designed with container plants to make the terrace easier to manage. Gardeners can

also build raised beds on their terraces for gardening. Sun exposure and access to water are two

important things to consider when establishing the garden, as is the goal of the garden.

Some people like to grow fresh herbs and vegetables on their terraces, while others want to create a

green retreat. Occasionally, gardeners create a mixture of the two. Plants can be trellised around a

terrace for privacy or shade, or used to create a pleasant recreation area for residents and guests of

the home. It pays to plan ahead when developing this type of garden, because of space

considerations.

FAQs related to Terrace gardens

1. What is a terrace Garden? A terrace garden also called as roof gardens, living roofs, green roofs is a garden on the roof of a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof gardens provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement, habitats for wildlife, and recreational use. Apart from the roof the terrace garden can be created on balconies and other extended areas of a building. A roof garden is more personal garden than the one on the ground level where you can sip coffee, read and rejuvenate yourself surrounded by waterbodies, lush green natural grass, plants, bar, barbecue and much more.. In rooftop garden, space becomes available for localized small-scale urban agriculture. Available gardening areas in cities are often lacking, which is likely the key requirement for many roof gardens. The garden may be on the roof of an autonomous building which takes care of its own water and waste. Unlike any type of garden, roof garden also

needs a detailed plan. Roof gardens look good if they are proportionate with lawns, shrubs, ground covers, sitting area, bar, barbecue and small trees. If you wish, you can also incorporate the concept of water bodies or rock garden or create a shady structure (Pergolas) on your roof garden. 2. Is there any place at home to have a private personalized garden? Terraces are the dead areas of a residence where we can have a garden. Terrace gardens are the private personalized garden as there is no disturbance from noisy streets or neighborhood. It is more personal garden than the garden in the courtyard of the building. 3. What kind of building support terrace gardens? Terrace garden can be created on any kind of buildings, like residential, apartments, commercial buildings, IT parks, godowns, factories etc. 4. Can I grow plants on my terrace? Yes we can grow fibrous plants on terraces. These plants are light in weight and the roots of these plants prevent erosion. 5. I am living in an apartment can I come close to nature? In apartments balconies and small terraces are the place where we can have a small garden with lawn and plants and can have a green oasis in our surrounding. 6. What is the amount of load on roof due to terrace garden? 25kg per sq.ft is the amount of dead load on roof due to terrace garden with 6 to 8 inch of growing medium. 7. Is any special kind of waterproofing required for terrace garden? The water proofing chosen should be of best quality. It should not fail even if water gets trapped above it. You should not use cement mixed water proofing solutions because it fails with the development of cracks in the slab. Terra Vista is using PVC polymerized sheet for water proofing these sheets are loosely laid on the slab which do not fail with development of cracks in slab. These sheets are root resistant and can easily take the pressure of water above it. 8. What points should be considered for terrace gardens while construction of building? 1. Roof should have the capacity to bear the load of the terrace garden. 2. Roof should have proper slope so that water can easily drain out. 3. Roof should be tightly water proofed. 9. How can we reduce the dead load of soil? There are different growing media’s available in the market which can be used in proper ratio can reduce the weight. 10. What do I need to know about my building before I construct a terrace

garden? You need to know the slope, the structural loading capacity, drainage system, and electrical and water supply on site. You should also consider who would have access to it, who will do the maintenance. 11. What kind of landscape design should I use and what plants can I grow on my roof? The landscaping design depends upon your use and taste. You want to use your terrace for recreation or you want a green oasis. You can grow only grass, opt for plants, a sitting lounge, private bar, study area, dinning area etc. 12. How much does a terrace garden cost? The cost of a green roof varies considerably depending on the type and factors such as site location, depth of growing medium, selected plants, use of irrigation, water proofing area, and requirement of different garden elements and accessories. 13. Do terrace garden require any special kind of maintenance? No the maintenance of the terrace garden is similar to a normal garden. In summer you need to water your plants daily and in winter after every alternate day. A semi-annual maintenance is required to check the weeds and diseases. 14. Do roots of plants causes any harm to the building? No plants with fibrous roots do not cause any harm to the roof but tap roots can penetrate the roof and harm it. Terra Vista is using PVC polymerized sheet for water proofing these sheets are root-resistance protective sheet which do not allow roots to penetrate. 15. What is the total height of the finished surface of the terrace garden? The total height of the finished surface is 8-9 inch that includes the water proofing layer, drainage system and the growing medium. 16. Water trapped on terrace due to garden causes any harm to the building? No it do not cause any harm to the garden because the PVC polymerized sheets used can easily take the water pressure above it. 17. What should be the direction of slope? The slope of the garden should be in the same direction as the slope of the roof. Preferably the slope should be towards the parapet wall and drainage pipe should be vertically laid so that the water can drain out and not trapped in pipes. 18. What kind of furniture can be used in terrace garden? Furniture used on terrace garden should be light weight and weather resistant. 19. Can we use terrace garden at night for parties? Yes the terrace garden can be used at night for parties. Beautiful light fixtures with different colors can be used on a terrace which highlights your plants and increases the

beauty of the terrace garden. 20. What different form can a garden look like? A terrace garden can look like a paved terrace area, a manicured lawn, a water feature, a raised bed to contain your plants or a sandpit and a climbing frame for the children. 21. Are the lights used in gardens different from interior lights? Yes the lights used in terrace garden are water proof lights. 22. Different elements that can be put up in garden? You can decorate your garden with different elements as per your need and taste such as a breakfast table with an umbrella above it, relaxation chair, swings, hammocks, bar, barbecues, water fountain, garden accessories, play equipments for children and many more. 23. Can I have a terrace garden on my existing roof? If your roof has proper slope for the water to drain out and your structure can take some extra weight than you can have a terrace garden on your existing roof. 24. What are the benefits of a terrace garden? Terrace garden not only improves the aesthetic environment in both work and home settings but has various economical as well as environmental benefits. Economical benefits: 1. Doubles the life of the conventional roof. 2. Reduces air conditioning cost by25% to 50%. Environmental benefits: 1. Insulates the building against heat and cold. 2. Reduces indoor temperature by 6- 8 degree. 3. Reduces sound pollution. 4. Increases the amount of oxygen in air. 5. Filters air borne particles from air. 6. Controlling storm water runoff, erosion and pollution 25. How does a terrace garden affect the conventional roof below? Terrace garden doubles the life of the conventional roof. 26. Is irrigation required? If so, what kind? With thoughtful engineering, irrigation is rarely necessary. When irrigation is required, the water should be delivered deep under the surface where the roots will seek it and it will not be lost to evaporation. 27. Why is drainage important? Proper drainage ensures that the growing medium will be maintained in an aerated condition suited to health plant growth. Drainage must also be designed with large rainfall events in mind. The goal is for all rainfall to percolate to the base of the system. The portion that is not absorbed should move 'underground' toward roof drains or

scuppers. Drain should also be provides at lawn level s that during heavy rainfall water gets drained out. 28. How a terrace garden growing media does differs from growing media of gardens? Growing media is mostly light-weight mineral material, with a minimum of organic material. It should be designed for both water retention and drainage. One the most important criteria for media are that it remains a viable growing and water-control substrate for decades. 29. How much time does it take in completion of project? Completion of the project depends upon the existing site conditions and availability of material. It takes around 1week for water proofing and another 10 days for completing the landscaping part for an area around 1500 sq feet. 30. Will I be able to walk on my terrace garden? Can I use it for recreation? Yes if the roof is easily accessible from the building you can easily walk on the terrace garden. 31. Will a terrace garden save energy? A green roof acts as a thermal mass, slowly absorbing and holding energy from sunlight and releasing it when the ambient air cools. In this way, it acts as a heat “storage battery” and reduces the heating and cooling demands within the building. Energy savings will be greatest in low buildings, due to the high ratio of roof area to the total of exposed building skin. The benefits will also be greater in warm climates, where cooling is the principal energy cost. It reduces 25% - 50% of air conditioning bills.. 32. Do I need to consult a structural engineer? It is always advisable to consult a structural engineer. Structural engineer will check the load bearing capacity of the roof. 33. Do terrace garden leak? No, a Green Roof will not cause leaks, only poor water proofing will result in leaks on new builds. 34. How do terrace garden affect water drainage from the roof? Terrace gardens reduce annual run-off from roofs by at least 50%. Reduce the amount of storm water runoff and also delay the time at which runoff occurs resulting in decreased stress on sewer systems at peak flow periods. 4-20 cm layer of growing medium can hold 10-15cm of water. 35. How do terrace garden affect the quality of life of people? Terrace garden provides a greener urban environment and quality of life to people living in high density developments. 36. Are there any disadvantages of having a terrace garden?

If you are considering water harvesting on your roof, for example for flushing toilets in the building, the green roof would reduce the amount of water you can harvest. The initial cost of terrace garden is higher than a naked roof, though in the long run the saved energy pays the investment back. 37. Can we grow vegetables; can we make the garden as kitchen garden? Yes we can grow various vegetables and fruits on terrace garden like tomato, chilies, mints, cabbage, ladyfingers, cauliflower, brinjal, turnip, lemon, strawberry, raspberry, spinach, lattice, broccoli and many more 38. Can I use my terrace garden in all seasons? Yes you can use your terrace garden in all seasons. 39. Can I install a water body on my terrace? Yes you can install a water body on terrace and enjoy the magical music of water. 40.What is the life of my terrace garden? With minimum maintenance the terrace garden is everlasting.

41. Can roots of plants cause any harm to the building?

Plants with fibrous roots do not cause any harm to the roof but avoid plants with tap

roots (like mango) as they may penetrate the roof and harm it by growing its roots in the

structure. Sometimes the wind or birds may bring seeds that can germinate and take

root on the roof itself. These should be checked for and removed.

UNIT 3

TOPICS

Landscape suitability analysis

Landscape design indoor & outdoor

Surface treatment

Suitability analysis in a GIS context is a geographic, or GIS-based process used to determine the appropriateness of a given area for a particular use. The basic premise of GIS suitability analysis is that each aspect of the landscape has intrinsic characteristics that are to some degree either suitable or unsuitable for the activities being planned. Suitability is determined through systematic, multi-factor analysis of the different aspect of the terrain.

Urban green spaces, an important component of urban ecosystems, provide many environmental and social services that contribute to the quality of life in cities. One of the key tasks of planners is how to optimize the benefits of urban green spaces. This study introduces a program for developing green spaces in urban areas through (1) land suitability analysis based on GIS; (2) quantifying green areas based on the ecological factor threshold method to maintain ecological balance; and (3) applying landscape-ecology principles in organizing green spaces in urban areas.

Landscape architecture is the art of reimagining an area as a space. Whether your area is a campus, pedestrian plaza, commercial center, or intimate backyard retreat, we value the landscape and appreciate the true beauty that can occur when the natural and man-made environment blend seamlessly together. Let Seidel Planning’s landscape architects develop a vision for your space with:

corporate master planning

woodland inventories & analysis

landscape design & specifications

site lighting design

implementation of storm water best management practices (BMP’s)

environmental impact studies, assessments, & statements

streetscape & hardscape design

directional & way finding signage

Landscape design indoor & outdoor

When walking from indoors to out, there should be continuity. It should be in

some way similar in character to what’s happening indoors.

As landscape architects much of our landscape design process involves defining use

areas –or- outdoor rooms. We map out paths that lead the eye (and the body) through a

series of transitions to different kinds of places in the outdoor environments we create.

We carefully consider how various outdoor spaces interact with each other and how

they relate to the home. We frame views to and from the home.

We were curious to know how interior designers think about landscape design in terms

of the relationship between indoor and outdoor space. Do they consider views and

connections to the outdoors when they create interior spaces?

Landscaping is a science and an art of modifying visible features of a land to make it look appealing and inviting. It can greatly help to solve aesthetic problems and even privacy issues for home owners. It can enhance the site and cover up its negative aspects. One needs to be a good observer and designer in order to come up with a

great landscape. It is also a challenge on how to perfectly combine nature and construction. Landscaping is helpful for aside from adding beauty to your homes, it can also help lessen noise and heat. It can affect the heating and cooling of the environment around your house. For sure, you would like to arrive in your home seeing a view that can surely take away stress with the smell of verdant grasses and tress. So, if your homes don’t have a good landscape yet, why don’t you try to turn your vacant yard into a breath-taking landscape? You can do that by creating an organized plan with the elements of balance, texture, color and height. Basic landscaping tips to help you in turning your yard into a great happy place.

1. Make a Plan.

Instead of rushing to buy materials and decorations for landscaping at once, you need to think first and create a plan to make sure you will be able to use what you will purchase. First, you have to sketch the fixed features in your house like the house itself, walkways, pools, driveway and other permanent structures and features. You also include tress and other plants that are existing in your area and you plan to retain.

2. Consider some important things.

Before you start landscaping, you need to consider the impact of the plants to home systems like water pipes, gutters, roofing materials and air conditioning units. You should also consider the kind of maintenance a certain plant needs and if the site could allow these plants to live. Also, you need to make sure that you will place the elements in a right manner that it could not block the sight of passersby and drivers. You wouldn’t want to harm passersby just because you plants are poorly placed.

3. Use available spaces.

You need to know how you want to use the available spaces and you need to consider some things. Like if you are bothered with the noise from passing vehicles, you can make use of hedges to mute the sounds of the traffic. You can include a play area in

landscaping if you have children. You can also allocate space for outdoor get-togethers where you can entertain visitors and do some grilled cooking.

4. Evaluate the amount of sunlight.

Try to determine how much sunlight can get into your property because it can directly affect the kind of plants that you will use. You should take note of shades like you can divide the areas where there is partial shade and then some for a full shade. This is very important because you wouldn’t want to see your chosen plants wither just because they couldn’t tolerate too much sunlight or they lack exposure to sunlight.

5. Research plants to use.

You can now start researching for plants by visiting a garden center. Look for plants that are appealing for you and would suit your style. Be sure also to know certain requirements needed in order for a particular plant to survive.

6. Consider climate and water use.

You have to consider the climate in your area. This is to aid you in choosing the right plants that can survive in your climate. Your landscape won’t be successful if you will not try to think of this. Aside from that, you may also consider sunlight, soil alkalinity, wind strength and direction. When you choose your plants, consider the water use. You have to take into account if you will use drought-tolerant plants or lush greenery which needs more water. You need to know if there is enough water supply in your area.

7. Use different decorations and accessories.

Aside from plants, your landscape will look a lot better if you use jars, urns, decorative stones and lightings. You can actually place different decorations like bird baths, a gazebo, and some water features. There are many different ways to make your

landscape totally great. Just be sure to choose the right one that will not make your area too crowded. Do not use too much of it, too. Use it in subtly.

8. Designing technique.

To provide continuity in different areas, you may use anchor plants. You can repeatedly use some shrubs which can create a sense of unity in your design. You can also create balance by using similar plants and patterns in planting. Use plants with different leaf textures so that there are variations. Include peat moss to help the plants survive. Use mulch in flowerbeds for this helps the plants retain some moisture. Make use of pebbles and stones, too.

9. Colorful flowering trees and shrubs.

To add more beauty to your landscape, make use of flowering trees. This can be used as borders. Or you may want to place it in different parts of the garden and surround them with flowering shrubs. Choose trees that have beautiful and colorful flowers. Not all shrubs are merely green. Others have flowers, too. This can add color to your landscape. Use the right sizes of the shrubs to make the design more appealing.

10. Unusual plants.

Choose some plants with unique textures of the leaf. This can give a dramatic touch to your design. Use shrubs with huge leaves and bears colorful flowers. You can disperse this in some areas to make it look more attractive.

11. Soothing water features.

To make a more dramatic look, place a pond or waterfalls or any water feature. Around these, place some decorative stones and some plants that don’t cover the design of the pond. You can do this if there is sufficient water supply in your area. There are ready made waterfalls for your garden or you may try to learn how to create them. This creates an absolute oasis of peace and tranquillity.

12. Unique patios and walkways.

Instead of just plain concrete, you can make your walkways look more beautiful by using decorative pavers. You may choose your colors and textures, too. Along these paths, you can place some plants, too. Use your creativity in designing it.

For sure, with the simple tips we have given you, you can already start decorating and designing. The ambiance inside your house is important but the outdoor ambiance can even make your home truly a home. It would even be better if you put some personal touch to your landscape but if you think you couldn’t do that by yourself, you can hire someone to do that for you. Actually, it doesn’t matter who does it. What matters is that it would help you attain a better outdoor environment that suits your taste.

Surface treatment

surface treatments I paving options

The functions of an area will determine its surface treatment. Areas that will receive light traffic can be gravel or organic mulched or utilise ground cover plants. Heavy traffic or wear areas are best paved or surfaced with compacted gravel. Pave the areas where you sit, stand or walk.

There are sustainable options for paving that allow greater water penetration into the soil and reduce storm water runoff into drains. Large expanses of impermeable surfaces such as concrete pavers are not recommended.

Paving is dependent on the aesthetic style you wish to reflect and any number of patterns can be created by combining pavers and pebbles. For example, using smooth and shiny white or black pebbles combined with a natural reconstituted sandstone paver creates a Japanese ambience.

Earth toned pavers combined with a bush land green pebble will be sympathetic to the Australian environment Large size pavers will be most attractive in the context of the scale of the surrounding environment and also give the illusion of space, making small spaces seem larger Hardwearing paths or paving beside the perimeter of the house are a practical option and help minimise fire risks Water runoff from paths and paving should be directed into gardens or to lawn areas Paths and paving can combine stepping stones or pavers surrounded by smaller pebbles (that allow water to penetrate the ground rather than run off). Pavers could also be separated with small plants such as Festuca glauca, Poa meionectes or Mondo grass Complementary landscaping of edges of paths and paving with low border plants (such as Festuca glauca – very attractive ‘blue’ tuft that rebounds after being trod on or Poa meionectes, the native ‘green’ tuft alternative) defines edge, collects water and is aesthetically pleasing Concrete pavers heat up in summer, are uncomfortable to walk on and radiate heat to surrounding buildings or areas. Apply passive cooling principles for outdoor areas and surrounding buildings and select a paver that does not heat up.

What to look for in a paver

Look for a blend of sands and cement, such as reconstituted Sandstone, NOT concrete or natural Sandstone, as this mixture has a multitude of benefits. Not all pavers are created equal. The finest quality and most reasonably priced paver available is handcrafted by ‘Maison’ and has the following characteristics:

The non slip, grainy texture is ideal around pools and wet areas They are salt resistant Don’t get too hot to walk on in summer, unlike concrete, and won’t radiate heat on to surrounding buildings Will not go dull and powdery within 2 years as concrete is renowned to do Has no artificial colouring in the mix so pavers will not fade or bleach as concrete does. This also means that pavers can be matched when you want to pave in stages or over a period of time Is not brittle and porous like natural stone ‘Maison’ pavers have a wash cycle of 40 which means they won’t crumble or deteriorate over time Can be used for all surfaces, including those for vehicular traffic Has a fine aggregate unlike concrete that makes cutting easier

General Site Protection and Landscape Management Standards • Carefully survey the site prior to building and identify protected areas and significant vegetation or natural features to be retained where required by the District. Identify protection specifications (i.e. fencing type, signage) and implement before any construction takes place. The survey is to be provided by the environmental monitor of record for the site. • Where possible, retain all significant trees, vegetation, and natural

features on the site such as wetlands or rock bluffs. Preserve natural slopes and the existing direction of water flow across the site. Ensure there is no conflict with neighbouring properties, other applicable by-laws, or building code. • Work with qualified landscapers, certified landscape architects, or qualified environmental professionals to provide adequate surface treatments for replanting and select native plant species for site restoration and landscaping. The soil stabilization and replanting plans should be included as part of the ESC plans to be submitted as part of the building permit application. • Work with the District of Maple Ridge Soil Surface Treatment standards handout (see attached standards).

WATER TREATMENT FOR LANDSCAPE

The sources of water for traditional landscape irrigation are many. They include municipal water, groundwater, and surface water; treated municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent properly treated to the standards of quality required for irrigation; and ever-increasing harvested rain, gray and storm waters. Issues confronting the landscape irrigation market range from treatment of alternate supplies to addressing iron removal in order to provide suitable quality water for any given landscape irrigation application. With our experienced staff of irrigation industry professionals, and in cooperation with landscape architects and consultants, we have the expertise and flexibility to select the best, most cost-effective solution for addressing any landscape market irrigation water treatment application. Water treatment technologies for the landscape market:

Filtration Iron removal Microfiltration Ultrafiltration Reverse Osmosis Biological Treatment Disinfection

UNIT 4

TOPICS

Graphics of landscape

Site surveys

Design Process

Meet with an experienced landscape designer on your new existing site. Brainstorm Ideas

The designer draws a landscape plan while on the site.

The designer produces a digital image of your landscape concept.

30 Minutes Later

Then review plans with the designer, the same day.

Earth Graphics – Site Plan Brainstorming Sheet

Purpose: A site plan is developed to determine the placement and elevation of structures, drives,

spaces, and general uses for a site. It is our experience that site planned projects cost less to develop a great landscape, better circulate vehicles & people, and greatly influence future resale values.

As our client, please have the following available for our scheduled appointment:

Lot Survey

Neighborhood Covenants & Restrictions

Septic Field Permit (if required) or Linear Feet of Septic Field required

Complete set of House Plans with Elevations

Pictures and/or Samples of outside Fascia Materials

Magazine cut-outs and idea book photos

Things to think about:

Parking (outside of garage, guest parking, turnarounds, etc.)

Drive

Sidewalk

Deck / Patio / Screen Porch (outdoor living space, size, use, etc.)

Pools / Ponds / Hot Tubs / Fountains

Garden Structures (gazebo, pergola, arbor, trellis, grill, fireplace pit, etc.)

Play Zone / Sport Court / Putting Green / Basketball Goal

Definition of Style or Theme of Project

The Site Survey A site survey (often called the site inventory) involves a specific and honest evaluation of the

property. It includes categories like existing plants and structures, good and bad views, soil,

drainage, and site topography. Measurements are also taken during the site survey to

accurately locate these areas.

It is often difficult for someone who lives or works in direct proximity to a site to see what others

do when they observe or pass through that same area. This is not only true of what we directly

see in the landscape (aphotographic view), but is especially true of the support structure we do

not see; i.e., soil and drainage.

Like the interview, a site survey should include information from the property owner, the

landscape architect or designer, and the individual ultimately responsible for the ongoing

maintenance. The site survey team should walk and talk about the property together.

Example Form

For example: In a newly constructed landscape, a plant may die and be replaced, only to die

and be replaced again, or the plant might hang on for months in poor condition while secondary

problems such as insects and diseases move in. The real problem, poor drainage, should have

been recognized during the site survey.

It is easy to try to micro-manage failing plants, increasing labor inputs, dollars, and supplies,

trying to guess what the problem is.

If the drainage problem had been identified and solved during the site survey process, or

another plant had been chosen that would grow in a wet environment, the sustainability of that

plant in the landscape would have been improved.

A site survey is a process of collecting information. If done correctly, it will point out all

important site characteristics. It will include positive features as well as problem areas that may

have a negative impact on the landscape and ultimately reduce sustainability.

Money spent improving site problems prior to installation is not as evident as the money spent

on the visible components of the landscape. Attention to site preparation will reduce annual

maintenance and replacement costs, saving money in the long term.

Rushing to complete a landscape by ignoring a site survey is never conducive to

developing a sustainable landscape.

The purpose is to acquire an accurate survey of the topography of the property and its landscape, together with an understanding of the character of different areas, light and shade, ground conditions and microclimates within the site. Details such as views from the windows, materials and plants which can be reused, and the location of services are

recorded. The wider environment is also assessed including local architectural styles, habitats and native plants. This provides us with an accurate basis for the design stages. UNIT-V

Class Project Three projects have been handled in class

1. Residential Landscape 2. Hotel Lobby Landscape & 3. Terrace Garden