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UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY. AREA OF STUDY 2 LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT. RESEARCH METHODS FOR STUDYING DEVELOPMENT. Longitudinal Studies / Cross-Sectional Studies Twin Studies Adoption Studies Selective Breeding Experiments. LONGITUDINAL STUDIES. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGYAREA OF STUDY 2LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH METHODS FOR STUDYING DEVELOPMENT
Longitudinal Studies / Cross-Sectional Studies
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Selective Breeding Experiments
LONGITUDINAL STUDIESA long-term investigation that follows the same group of people over an extended period of time, observing any changes in their thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that occur at different ages
7-Up Series = an example of a longitudinal study of development
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES• Very useful in developmental
psychology• Examines consistencies and
inconsistencies in behaviour over time
• Studies ways in which early development may affect later development
• Can be very expensive to conduct
• Takes a long time to get results• Keeping in touch with the same
group over a long period of time is difficult
CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES
Selects and compares groups of participants of different ages over a short period of time
COHORT SEQUENTIAL METHOD:Combines the longitudinal and cross-sectional study (see Figure 4.21, pg.167)
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES• Relatively inexpensive to
conduct
• Easy to undertake
• Not too time-consuming
• Differences found between age groups may be due to factors other than age
• Generational influence (when you were born) is an extraneous variable
HOMEWORK
Learning Activity 4.16 (pg.167)
TWIN STUDIESIDENTICAL TWINS(MONOZYGOTIC TWINS) = single fertilised egg splits into two
they will have identical genes
FRATERNAL TWINS(DIZYGOTIC TWINS) = two separate eggs independently fertilised
not genetically identical, comparable to older brothers and sisters
HOMEWORK
Learning Activity 4.17 (pg.169)
ADOPTION STUDIESUsing information from research with children who have been adopted, and therefore have no genetic similarity to their adopted parents, to learn about the influence of heredity and environment on development
SELECTIVE BREEDING EXPERIMENTS
Selectively mating males and females from family lines with desired characteristics to increase the likelihood the offspring will have these same characteristics
EXAMPLES INCLUDEBREEDING HORSES FOR SPEEDBREEDING BIRDS TO HAVE PARTICULAR COLOUR FEATHERSBREEDING DOGS TO BE AGGRESSIVEBREEDING CATS TO HAVE CERTAIN TEMPERAMENTS
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
HOMEWORK
Learning Activity 4.21 (pg.172)
Investigating The Influence Of Heredity & Environment On
Musical Ability
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ACTIVITY
HOMEWORK
Chapter 4 – True/False Quiz (pg.174)Chapter 4 – Multiple Choice Test (pg.175)Chapter 4 – Short Answer Test (pg.176)