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1 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
UNIT 1: Getting to Know One’s Self Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Lesson 1: Taking a Look at Oneself
Jump Start 4
Learn about It! 5
Check Your Understanding 15
Explore Your World! 17
Lesson 2: Discovering My Uniqueness
Jump Start 21
Learn about It! 22
Check Your Understanding 30
Explore Your World! 32
Real-world Challenge 35
My Reflection 36
Wrap Up 37
Answers to Check Your Understanding 40
Bibliography 45
Glossary 47
2 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
GRADE 11/12 | Personal Development
UNIT 1
Getting to Know One’s Self
“No one is you, and that is your power.”
- Dave Grohl
Adolescence is a stage of self-discovery. It is the time when young people build
their identities and learn more about themselves as they go through life’s different
changes and challenges. The goal is not only to know oneself, but also to accept
who one is. With this acceptance is the power to make things happen and also, the
power to build a life that he/she desires.
Lulu’s Self-Exploration
Lulu is excited about trying out in different clubs this school year. The rules state
that each student is allowed to join a maximum of 3 clubs only for the year. She
has been thinking about it a lot, listing down a list of her strengths and weaknesses,
her likes and dislikes. After much thought, she decided to go for a sports team.
Lulu has her eye on the volleyball club since
she knows she’s a good player, and she has
a lot of experience playing the sport. Her
tosses and spikes are to watch out for, and
her jumps are pretty impressive. Aside
from sports, Lulu also knows that her
debate skills are also above average. She
believes she must have taken this talent
after her father, who happens to be a
lawyer. She can easily organize her
thoughts and get her point across on
3 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
almost any topic given. Lulu knows she speaks eloquently and can convey a
message through both English and Filipino. Clearly, for her, joining the debate
team seems like a natural choice. Lulu’s last choice was the cooking club. Her
friends do not know this skill she has, but at home, she can cook like a young
master chef. She grew up watching cooking shows, preparing meals for the family
and even creating her recipes.
She was just about to sign up for all these three clubs when her friends saw her and
asked her why she wasn’t signing up for the dance club. Lulu was caught by
surprise for she never really thought about it. Apparently, a lot of her friends
thought she was a great dancer and would be a wonderful addition to the dance
club. She knew she could dance to a beat, but she didn’t really think she had
potential to explore when it came to this skill. Suddenly, Lulu was back to square
one. She had to re-think her skills list and what interests her.
Learning Targets
In this unit, you should be able to:
● explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths
and limitations and deal with others better;
● share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences; and
Essential Questions
How does one get to know himself/herself?
What does knowing oneself mean?
How does one keep track of his/her changing strengths and
weaknesses?
What are the benefits of knowing oneself?
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● maintain a journal.
Lesson 1: Taking A Look At Oneself
Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses, a potential for growth, room for
improvement, and limitations. As one grows up, the knowledge about one’s self
increases. However, not everyone knows what to do with the information you have
about yourself. What does one gain when you know yourself?
Jump Start
Materials: paper, pen
Instructions:
Have you ever wondered what others thought about you when they first met you?
In this activity, you need to have a blank piece of paper tape on your back.
Afterwards, you may go around the room and make sure to write on your
classmate’s backs about their first impression on you. It can be a simple word or
phrase that best describes your classmates during your first day of meeting. You
will be given 10 minutes to do the activity.
Afterwards, answer the following questions:
What did you discover about yourself from others that you didn’t know before?
Which ones of the impressions were right, and which ones were wrong?
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What do you know about yourself that you consider as strengths, and which
ones are weaknesses?
Learn about It!
Ever since you were a baby, you
already possessed some knowledge
about yourself. You would respond
to yourself in the mirror, and learn
to acknowledge your body. As you
grow older, there are more
opportunities available that exist for
you to get to know yourself better.
As you get to interact with more and
more people in your everyday encounters, your knowledge of yourself also
becomes more complex. This information you have of yourself can either become
an empowering tool or a delimiting one.
Self-Concept
Everything that you know about yourself is called self-concept. It is your perception
of yourself, how you define and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional
(physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral) human being. It, not only involve
the present perception of you, but also take into play one’s past and future self –
thereby, making self-concept a vibrant representation of who you are. There are
different ways that you can perceive yourself because of cultural differences and
environmental factors. However, among all these varying self-concepts lie three
essential components: 1) physical characteristics, 2) personality traits, and 3) social
identity.
Physical characteristics are used to describe how you look in either a positive
PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT
Do you know yourself? How did you
learn these things about yourself?
Where did the information come from?
Do you like what you know?
6 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
or negative way;
Personality traits are the stable characteristics that determine your behavior;
and
Social identity would refer to the social group where you belong. Self-concepts
are never simple, given the differences in backgrounds of individuals.
Self-complexity, or the different ways in which you think about yourself, can be
high or low according to researchers. If you have a lot of social identities, such
as a daughter, student, volleyball team captain, friend, sister– you are said to
have high complexity. All of these components determine how you are different
or unique from others, and how you evaluate yourself against others.
Self-Esteem
When you evaluate yourself against others based on your knowledge of yourself,
your self-esteem is affected. Self-concept is greatly associated with self-esteem,
which is the value that you put on what you know about yourself. It is a positive or
negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based on your
performance or behavior or your interaction with others. There are moments
when you arrive at a distorted or inaccurate evaluation of yourself. This is because
of the subjective nature of self-concept, wherein the information you have of
yourself is heavily based on perceptions. But in any case, your high or low self-
esteem may also affect your self-worth (how much you value yourself) and your
EXAMPLE
The self-concept regarding its three basic components
1) Physical Characteristics – “I am fair-skinned.” “I am chubby.”
2) Personality Traits - “I am trustworthy.” “I am outgoing.”
3) Social Identity – “I am the daughter of Leni.” “I am a Muslim.”
7 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
self-efficacy (the belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control
your environment).
Self-Concept as a Product of Social Relationships
One of the propositions made about self-concept
that directly affects self-esteem is that what you
know about yourself is primarily a product of
your relationships with others. In 1902,
American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley
popularized the concept of the looking glass
self wherein he theorizes that people around
you serve as mirrors that reflect how you see
yourself. You merely reinforce others’
impressions and build this idea of yourself based
on these interactions. And so, based on this, if
you think that others have a negative perception
of you, this creates a negative self-concept and low self-esteem.
REMEMBER ME!
Self-concept: your perception of yourself, how you define and understand
yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and
moral) human being
Self-esteem: a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept
Self-worth: how much you value yourself
Self-efficacy: your belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks
and control your environment
Self-Complexity: the different ways in which you think about yourself
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There are many social factors that
influence your self-concept and self-
esteem. How you come to know who you
are is influenced by the ways other people
react to you. When you receive positive
reactions to your skills and traits, you
develop a positive idea of yourself.
However, when your behavior is ignored or
reacted negatively, your self-concept turns
sour as well and you end up with negative
judgments of yourself. Comparing yourself
to others also affect what you know and
think of yourself. If you perceive others to be more successful than you, it is
probable that you do not think highly of yourself and vice versa. However, of
course, such comparisons can also be a source of motivation to make the self
better and give more value to the self. The extent to which you identify with other
people around you is a factor in how you perceive yourself.
EXAMPLE
Growing up, John has always been compared to his brother James. James
would always get better grades than him. Everyone around John has, at one
point or another, made him feel that he was not as smart as James. He felt
that his parents would only always praise James, and even his friends
admired his brother. He grew up believing that he was not good enough to
do well academically and so, in all his years in school, he just lived with what
he thought was the expectation of him. He would fail exams, and repeat
subjects left and right.
TIP!
Factors that influence self-
concept and self-esteem:
the ways others react to
an individual
the way an individual
compares himself to
others
the extent to which an
individual identifies with
these other people
9 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Self-Awareness
When one can access his knowledge of himself easily, that person is said to be self-
aware. Self-awareness is the ability to know yourself extensively, not just
regarding traits and characteristics, but also knowing your inner state and how you
think. It is a deeper understanding of your emotions, belief systems, and patterns
in behavior and thought that should allow us to effectively redirect negative traits
into positive ones if needed. Therefore, to be self-aware, you must attempt to be
non-judgmental and unbiased in assessing or understanding yourself.
In 1972, psychologists Shelley Duval and
Robert Wicklund first studied self-
awareness and stated in the self-
awareness theory that when you focus on
yourself, there is the tendency to compare
what you currently observe to the
standards you set for yourself. And when
there is a mismatch between your ideal self
and your actual self, this becomes a source
of distress for you and is much likely to
affect your self-esteem. In the same way, if
the ideal self is consistent with the actual
self, you react positively. This is what the
self-discrepancy theory states. In effect,
people who are highly self-aware feel more
pressure to live up to their ideals as compared to those who do not know
themselves well enough.
The goal then is to have a clear and defined self-concept. Having high self-concept
clarity helps you and your desire to become self-aware by providing a more stable
view of your positive traits. This creates higher self-esteem and less vulnerability to
the stress caused by inconsistencies between the actual self and ideal self. The
more well-defined and stable your self-concept is, the more capable you become in
10 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
addressing mismatches you will encounter of yourself.
Self-awareness comes in two types: internal self-awareness and external self-
awareness. Internal self-awareness refers to clearly seeing your inner self–your
personalities, values, desires, reactions, and impact on other people. External self-
awareness involves understanding how others see you. The goal here is to attempt
to reach a balance of both types of awareness – to know yourself well and to
receive feedback on how others see you.
A study made by Dr. Tasha Eurich for the Harvard Business Review shows four
types of individuals and how you exhibit internal and external self- awareness. It
represents the different categories of your self-awareness with the mixture of its
internal and external types. This categorizes your knowledge of yourself and of
others.
REMEMBER ME!
Self-Awareness Theory: When you focus on yourself, there is the
tendency to compare what you currently observe to the standards you
set for yourself.
Self-Discrepancy Theory: When there is a mismatch between your ideal
self and your actual self, this becomes a source of distress for you and is
much likely to affect your self-esteem.
Self-Concept Clarity: Having a clear and defined self-concept
11 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Low External Self-
Awareness
High External Self-
Awareness
High Internal
Self-Awareness
INTROSPECTORS
- you are aware of who you
are but fail to get feedback
from others
AWARE
- you understand yourself and
seek out opinions others have
of you
Low Internal Self-
Awareness
SEEKERS
- you lack knowledge of
yourself and how others see
you
PLEASERS
- you value others’ perceptions
of yourself with little regard to
what is important to you
personally
Knowing Yourself and Dealing With Others
An individual who is well-aware of his strengths and weaknesses is an empowered
individual. If you are highly self-aware individual, you are more capable of being
able to accept responsibility for your actions and more capable of being
independent of the negative influences of others. Because you are more observant
of yourself and your responses to certain situations, you can make smarter choices
in life, has more control of your experiences, and can also realize the need to
change negative patterns of behavior when needed.
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Knowing yourself well also allows you to be able to deal better with others and in
the process, create more meaningful relationships. When you know who you are,
you can openly communicate yourself and what you want to others. This will create
better understanding between yourself and others, and consequently, a more
satisfying relationship. Being accepting of your flaws and strengths makes it easier
to reach compromises when needed because you are secure about yourself and
does not feel that your self-concept is being threatened. Becoming self-aware
includes learning to take responsibility for your actions instead of blaming others
and the environment, which makes you clearly see other perspectives of an issue as
well. Awareness of the self leads to a more conscious way of acting towards others,
instead of passively interacting with them. This results in more empathy and
compassion, a must in any healthy relationship. Your awareness of your emotional
needs, behaviors, interaction patterns, and a better understanding of yourself as a
relational being allows you to become more conscious of your interactions with
others, as well as make healthy decisions that affect yourself and others around
you.
EXAMPLE
Rica’s friends planned to sneak out of school that day to skip class and go to
the mall to watch the latest movie of one of her favorite actors. They tried to
convince her to go with them by telling her that there weren’t any exams or
quizzes that day for her to miss. However, Rica, who is highly aware of
herself, knew that it was wrong and she should not break the rules for a
movie. Not only would she be putting herself in danger, but she would also
be disappointing her parents who are working hard for her education. As a
sister to her younger siblings, she also knew that this going would not be a
good example to them. Rica thought of herself as a responsible student, and
so she did not sneak out with them.
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Steps to Self-Awareness
Self-awareness is important at any stage in your life. Here are some ways to
become more self-aware to be able to achieve success in relationships and other
aspects of life.
Ask yourself why. Before you act or decide
on anything, it is always a good idea to know
why you are going to do what you are about
to do. Understanding the intentions behind
your actions lets you to become more aware
of your thought processes and will allow you
to make smarter decisions.
Delay gratification. Being able to control
yourself by not quickly giving in to
temptations allows you to practice saying no
to negative influences that may affect you
later on. This gives you a chance to
strengthen your sense of self.
Take feedback constructively. Learn to accept what others say about you and use
it to improve yourself. Remember that self-awareness is a healthy balance between
understanding yourself and how others see you.
Let go of biases. Before you make any auto-pilot reactions to a situation, make
sure you stop and think about the different sides of the situation. Question
yourself and challenge yourself as to why you believe in such things. Be objective
and re-assess your responses to others.
Use tools to know yourself. Experts have come up with different ways for
individuals to learn about their personality types, which are fortunately readily
available to you online. Knowing where you stand in the Myers-Briggs personality
TIP!
Steps to Become More Self-
Aware:
Ask yourself why.
Delay gratification.
Take feedback
constructively.
Let go of biases.
Use tools to know
yourself.
Reflect often.
14 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
exam and introvert-extrovert spectrum, as well as reasonably assessing yourself
through a SWOT analysis and Johari’s Window, can give you a better idea of who
you are.
Reflect often. Taking time to think quietly through meditation or simple reflection
will help you become more self-aware. Keep a journal to see how your thoughts
and actions progress. Learn from the mistakes you have made, and always keep
yourself in check.
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Check Your Understanding
A. Read each statement carefully. Complete the sentence by supplying the
correct word.
1. ____________________________ is your perception of yourself, how you define
and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual,
emotional, social, and moral) human being.
2. ____________________________ theorized the looking glass self-concept.
3. Individuals who value others’ perceptions of them with little regard to
what is important to them personally are called __________________________.
4. ____________________________refers to the social groups that you belong and
is a basic component of your self-concept.
5. Knowing yourself well can lead to better ____________________________ in
relationships.
B. Answer each statement briefly and concisely.
1. How does feedback help you in becoming self-aware?
2. How does awareness of the self lead to empathy and compassion in a
relationship?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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3. What factors influence self- concept, and self-esteem?
C. Read each situation well. Answer as best as you can.
1. Joel wants to get to know himself better through well-documented and
well-constructed test types. What can you suggest to him?
2. Some kids in Pia’s school think that she is a snob, but Pia doesn’t seem to
mind. Why do you think this is so?
3. Kevin feels stressed that what he thinks of himself doesn’t match what he
is experiencing in real life. Why does he feel this way?
17 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Explore Your World!
Task 1: Personal SWOT Analysis
Materials: pen, paper
Instructions:
In 10-15 minutes, make your SWOT analysis. List down your Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Give at least two examples for
each. It can be a skill, a talent, a character trait, or anything that you think
gives you an edge or puts you a step behind. You will find some guide
questions for each quadrant to help you. Write a short explanation of your
analysis. Share with the class after.
Strengths
What am I good at?
What do others think I excel in?
What am I better at doing than other
people?
What skills do I have?
Weaknesses
What am I not good at?
Why do I fail?
What do I need more practice in?
What they don’t like about me?
Opportunities
What opportunities are there that
can help me improve?
What traits or skills do I have that I
feel have a lot of potential for
growth?
Threats
What obstacles are in the way of my
success?
What is stopping me to be a better
version of myself?
18 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Task 2: Sell Yourself
Materials: any props available to students
Instructions:
Get a partner for this role-playing activity. Choose which one will “sell”
himself/herself to the other person. The two of you must act out a scene
where one tries to convince the other to approve of him/her because of his
strengths and despite his weaknesses. The scene can be anything from a job
interview, or a talk show, or any creative situation. Make sure to mention
both strengths and weaknesses in the scene.
Criteria for Scoring Points
Presence of at least 2 examples in each
quadrant
3
Clarity and depth of explanations/analysis 3
Completion of chart 2
Grammatically correct sentences and
confidence during presentation
2
Total 10
Criteria for Scoring Points
Presence of strengths and weaknesses in
dialogue
3
Ability of script to convince/persuade 3
Creativity and uniqueness of the presentation 2
Grammatically correct sentences and
confidence during presentation
2
Total 10
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Task 3: From Weakness to Strength
Materials: Manila paper/cartolina, markers
Instructions:
Form groups of 4-5. Each member will share one weakness they have to the
group. The group will now help each other come up with specific plans of
action on how this specific weakness can be turned into strength or how that
person can change for the better. Write your group discussion on the Manila
paper and be ready to share it with the class.
Criteria for Scoring Points
Presence of one weakness for each member 3
Ability to provide effective way to transform
weakness into strength
3
Creativity and uniqueness of the presentation 2
Grammatically correct sentences and
confidence during presentation
2
Total 10
20 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
A study from Brown University that was published in the
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine suggests that individuals
who are highly self-aware have better heart health. In the study,
researchers measured the “mindfulness” of individuals by having
them rate different statements. In the results, it was found that
those who were more “present” and aware with their thoughts,
feelings, and actions had scores that were as high as those indicators
for good cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association.
Although nothing has been concluded, researchers are hopeful that
this can be the beginning of non-invasive, mindfulness interventions
for good heart health.
21 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Lesson 2: Discovering My Uniqueness
“Not all things are created equal.” This is a reflection that people may look similar
but they have exceptional qualities that make them different from others. These
qualities may be helpful or not, but they add dimension to the personality of a
person. The distinctions that a person has contributed to the understanding that
human behavior is never exact. In a way, the differences among people have made
it possible for new ideas, inventions, and perspectives to take center stage and be
used to help people.
Jump Start
Materials: small pieces of rolled paper, pictures of broken objects
Instructions:
The class will be divided into several groups with a maximum of 5 members each.
Each group is tasked to choose an object and “sell” them by highlighting the
alternative uses for this object. They will be given 10 minutes to prepare their sales
pitch. Each object has the same price of 10 small pieces of paper. After the sales
pitch of each group, all members of the class will walk around the classroom to put
their pieces of paper on the objects they would “buy.” The group with the most
number of pieces of paper is considered as the group with the best sales pitch.
After the activity, you may reflect on this question: “What made you decide to
choose an object despite its imperfection?”
22 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Learn about It!
An essential characteristic among people is their distinctiveness. Every person may
share qualities that make them no different from others and yet they also possess
qualities that make them stand out among others. Human behavior explores the
known, the unknown, the similar, and the different facets of people. While it is
considered as a young science, this field has provided a significant number of
insights of how the qualities of people contribute to the understanding of their self,
the environment around them, and how they can contribute to the development of
their societies.
It is a fact that people come from one
family but remain different from each
other. Their individuality is due to
multiple factors like biological
attributes, upbringing, and societal
influences. These factors are
combined to come up with “the self.”
Individual differences
It refers to the
differences and
similarities among
people in a
psychological way.
Wilderdom mentioned
that Plato once said that
“No two persons are
born exactly alike, but
each differs from the
other in natural
endowments, one being
PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT
Imagine a world where every person
looks and thinks the same? How would
that world look like?
23 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
suited for one occupation and the other for another.
The psychology of individual differences rests on the assumption that no two
individuals are exactly alike in the manner of thinking, feelings, and behavior. The
classification of people have been recognized and practiced throughout the ages.
Why is it important to know how different we are from others?
The study of individual differences is not just meant to cluster them in different
demographics.
Demographics. It is the statistical characteristics of people like age, gender, religion
or socioeconomic status. This information is meant to provide a quick view of how
members of different groups are categorized. However, a person is not just a part
of statistics. The people may be categorized together, but there exist their
individual preferences, hobbies, attitudes, religious beliefs and affiliations, political
perspectives and more. These varying factors, when combined, characterize a
unique person.
EXAMPLE
Examples of how men have been categorized:
Gender differences. Men were the hunters while women were the
gatherers.
Social groups or affiliations. education, caste, and class.
Occupations. educators, doctors, IT professionals, businessmen
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Knowing the characteristics that you have make you more comfortable in your
decisions, actions, and attitudes. You become aware that your individuality affects
the others as well. This knowledge makes you more attuned to others and makes
you aware of the limitations and strengths of the people you mingle with.
Your uniqueness make you able to make connections with other people; create
innovations and novel solution to problems; make a positive impact and help
people by being the source of joy and inspiration.
Sharing Experiences
Experiences are personal, but there are
many things that you can learn by listening
to the sharing of personal experiences,
characteristics, and habits of others.
Learning is considered as a social activity
since it involves both the formal and
informal methods of gaining knowledge
from others. It is not limited to a structured
setting like a classroom. Whenever there is interaction among people, there is
learning. A simple conversation can serve as a spark into acquiring knowledge.
REMEMBER ME!
Demographics. It is the statistical characteristics of people like their gender,
their religion, their age, their marital status and the like. The categorization and
grouping are meant to provide a quick view of how members are grouped.
25 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura proposed the Social Learning
Theory. According to him, people learn from
each other. They do this through observation,
modeling, and imitation. According to Learning
Theories.com Bandura said that “Most human
behavior is learned observationally through
modeling: from observing others, one forms an
idea of how new behaviors are performed, and
on later occasions, this coded information
serves as a guide for action.” In short, a person
learns by observing the behaviors of others,
their attitudes, and the outcomes of these
behaviors.
Conditions for Effective Modeling
These conditions affect the speed by which the person, object, action or event is
absorbed and modeled. The first condition is by far the most significant since
without this, the behavior to be modeled will be rendered useless if it is not given
the sufficient amount of focus.
1. Attention. It refers to the active processing of specific information about your
surroundings. An increased or decreased level of attention given to a specific
EXAMPLE
When a class has a retreat or spiritual gathering and each person is sharing
their experiences in dealing with their problems, and how they were solved,
there is already a form of learning as to how others can also use these
methods to solve their problems.
26 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
person, object, action, or event affects the imitation of behavior.
2. Retention. It is described as remembering the person, object, action, or event
where attention is given.
3. Reproduction. It is the duplication of the object, action, action, or event.
4. Motivation. It is the push to imitate or duplicate.
Reciprocal Determinism. Bandura also emphasized that the person’s behavior
and the world cause each other. This means that when a certain behavior is
imitated by another, this can cause a chain reaction in which other people will begin
to imitate this behavior until it becomes a habit or accepted by many. Once this
happens, this behavior affects the society as well; in turn, society will start accepting
this behavior.
The act of sharing experiences, whether unique or common, is considered as a
robust strategy for social learning. It creates a learning environment in which the
members learn voluntarily. People are interested to learn in this context because
they do not have to exert too much work or use background study to learn. A
person who shares experiences, achieves a sense of pride especially if the
EXAMPLE
In the Philippines before, people marry even before the age of eighteen. At
present, marrying before eighteen years of age is not allowed.
REMEMBER ME!
Four conditions to ensure effective modeling:
Attention.
Retention.
Reproduction.
Motivation.
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experience provides insights that will help the fellow learners.
Different Strategies for Social Learning
1. Discussions
2. Photos
3. Audio
4. Video
In light of the significance of sharing experiences, you can also share your
characteristics and habits that can help others. The people who have conquered
difficulties and lived to tell the tale can provide hope to people who are feeling
defeated and hopeless. A person who shares his/her unique habits like creating
miniatures, painting landscapes, or teaching street children can be a source of
inspiration since he/she makes use of these habits to help other people and let
them think about sharing their practices and significant qualities that aid in uplifting
their lives and that of others.
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Journals as Tools of Self-Reflection
Twenty-four hours may seem to be too
short for some people. With so many
things to do, you can have a difficult
time keeping track of all the things you
have to finish. Keeping a journal is a
good habit to develop since it helps in
boosting your performance and
productivity. A journal serves as a
record of how your day was spent. It
makes you reflect not only the significant events that happened that day but also
on reviewing your thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Keeping a journal is one way of venting safely. Writing in a journal is a good way
of expressing emotions instead of venting them out. You can write anything in a
journal and can reflect on the passages that you have written. One flip side is the
possibility of someone stumbling on the journal and reading all the contents.
It enhances creativity. Expressing the emotions is not the only advantage of
keeping a journal. It also helps in developing your creativity. Also, the daily
experiences written in the journal can help you break down difficult problems, so
comprehension is attained and makes a possible solution to the problems.
Recording good ideas. A good idea becomes useless if it is not executed.
Nevertheless, you tend to forget them once you become preoccupied with
something else. The act of writing down serves as a record that can be reviewed at
a later time.
Habit formation. Journal writing helps in identifying patterns of behaviors that a
you have.
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Mental health tool. A journal keeps secrets. The pent-up resentment, happiness,
anger, fear and other extreme emotions can be very tiring. However, writing them
down is a good way of expressing and lessening the effects of these emotions.
Moreover, it can also help you relive happy times that proved to be satisfying thus,
helping you maintain a healthy level of mental health.
Keeping a journal is a traditional way of
recording your thoughts. However,
maintaining a journal can be tedious since
not all people like to write. These days, it has
taken a turn with the use of unusual
methods. Blogging and more recently
vlogging (video blogging) are two methods of
recording the daily activities and expression
of personal opinions or preferences of a
person. These two methods can be shared
and seen by other people. One downside is
that they can be subject to bashing since
they are automatically shared with a great
number of people who may not share the
same views. Moreover, they can be used
against the person who uploaded them since
they may contain slanderous or libelous
claims. Caution is strongly advised.
REMEMBER ME!
Benefits of keeping a journal:
A way to vent or express safely.
It enhances creativity.
Recording good ideas.
Habit formation.
Mental health tool.
TIP!
Blogging and vlogging are
both used to keep track of
one’s activities; they can be
done by writing or filming a
video and uploading them
online. Just remember to
practice responsible
behavior when doing so like
avoiding plagiarism, using
facts to emphasize an
opinion and avoiding
maligning another person or
groups.
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Check Your Understanding
A. Read each statement carefully. Supply the correct words to complete the
statement.
1. Age, gender, and religion are examples of ___________.
2. The term ______________ refers to the differences and similarities among people.
3. Social Learning Theory was proposed by ______________.
4. The term ______________ refers to the active processing of information.
5. The duplication of the object, action, or event is known as ____________.
B. Answer the following questions in a brief but concise manner.
1. Sandra Bierig once said that “To accept ourselves as we are means to value our
imperfections as much as our perfections. “How do you explain this quote?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Among the three methods of recording your thoughts, which you are likely to
use? Journal writing, blogging, or vlogging? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Who among the young celebrities would you like to imitate and why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Part C. Read each situation carefully and answer the questions for each item.
1. What is the importance of demographics?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is sharing experiences considered as a tool for learning?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is attention an important component of effective modeling?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Explore Your World!
Task 1: Does This Make Sense?
Materials: paper, pen
Instructions:
Recall a very unusual experience that happened to you. Draw this experience and
explain how it has affected you by writing down the realizations that you had after
this experience. Present your output to the class.
Task 2: My Idol Blogger
Materials: snapshots of a vlog or blog
Instructions:
Pick a partner. Choose a blogger or a vlogger. Write down what qualities of this
blogger or vlogger that you both admire. Show a snapshot of his/her blog or vlog to
the class. What makes the blog/vlog worthy of being read/watched. How do the
experiences of this person help you learn?
Criteria for Scoring Points
Clarity of ideas 3
Relevance of content 3
Impact and creativity 2
Use of grammatically correct sentences 2
Total 10
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Task 3: Collage Making
Materials: cartolina or Manila paper, pictures of personalities/famous people
Instructions:
Form a group of five people. Print pictures of people who have made a unique
contribution to the world. Paste their pictures on the Manila paper or cartolina
together with their contributions. Present the collage and explain why you included
these personalities in your collage.
Criteria for Scoring Points
Clarity of ideas 3
Creativity and uniqueness of the presentation 2
Relevance of details 3
Grammatically correct sentences and level of
confidence
2
Total 10
Criteria for Scoring Points
Observation of the time duration (3 minutes) 5
Clarity of ideas 5
Grammatically correct sentences and level of
confidence
5
Creativity and impact of the presentation 5
Total 20
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Anne Frank was an adolescent girl who became famous because of the
diary she had written while hiding. In her diary, she confessed to wanting to
become a journalist or a writer. Her diary entitled The Secret Annexe was
published on June 25, 1947.
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Real-world Challenge
Task: Magazine Making
Materials: pictures, paper, glue, pens
Instructions:
Form a group of five people.
Choose the writers and the artists in the group. The writers will be the ones
to write articles while the artists will take care of the pictures, design, and
layout of the magazine.
The magazine will have a maximum of 4 pages only excluding the front and
back covers. The writers will write articles about personalities and their
unique qualities that made a difference in the world. The artist will design the
covers and take pictures.
Present the magazine to the class.
Criteria for Scoring Score
Visual impact and creativity 5
Clarity of ideas 5
Relevance of the content 5
Total 15
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My Reflection
Write three characteristics that you like about yourself and three that you do not
like. Write a short paragraph about how your positive qualities make you a valuable
person and how your shortcomings can be improved. Write two paragraphs with a
minimum of 5 sentences each. The following words must appear in your
paragraphs: appreciation, acceptance, unique, contribution, improvement,
and change.
Criteria for Scoring Points
Clarity of ideas 3
Accuracy and relevance of details 3
Impact and uniqueness of the presentation 2
Use of grammatically correct sentences 2
Total 10
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Wrap Up
In this unit, the following points were discussed:
The formation of the self-concept is based on the multi-dimensional
perception of the self which includes the physical, spiritual, emotional, social
and moral aspects.
Self-complexity refers to the different ways in which a person thinks about
himself/herself.
Self-concept has three basic components: physical characteristics,
personality traits and social identity.
Self-esteem is the value that an individual places on himself/herself. It can
either be positive or negative depending on the performance of the person
and his/her interactions with others.
Self-concept is a product of our interaction with other people. Charles Cooley
coined the term looking glass self which stressed that the people around us
could serve as mirrors that reflect how we see ourselves. Their reactions
affect the formation of a person’s self-concept.
Self-awareness is the ability to know one’s self extensively including your
inner state and how your think.
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Steps to Self-Awareness
Social Learning Theory formulated by Albert Bandura posits that if a behavior
is modeled and imitated, this can snowball into being imitated by others that
can turn into acceptable behavior.
Four conditions for an effective modeling:
Reciprocal determination emphasized that the behavior and the world cause
each other. This signifies that once the behavior has become a habit and
majority of the people are exhibiting the said behavior; becomes acceptable.
Ask yourself why.
Delay gratification,
Take feedback constructively.
Let go of biases.
Use tools to know yourself.
Reflect often.
The more attention is paid, the more
likely is the behavior to be modeled.
The retention happens when the
behavior is remembered.
Reproduction is the act of duplicating the
behavior.
Motivation is the push to repeat the
behavior until it becomes a habit.
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Journals are tools of self-reflection. There are its advantages:
.
Blogging and video blogging are modern techniques that help a person
spread his/her message to others.
It is a way to express one’s thoughts and emotions safely.
It develops creativity.
It records good ideas.
It helps in developing habits.
It also serves as a mental health tool.
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Answers to Check Your Understanding
Lesson 1: Taking a Look at Oneself
Part A
1. Self-concept
2. Charles Horton Cooley
3. pleasers
4. Social identity
5. communication
Part B
1. Accepting what others say about you can be used improve yourself.
Remember that self-awareness is a healthy balance between understanding
yourself and how others see you.
2. Awareness of the self leads to a more conscious way of acting towards
others, instead of passively interacting with them. This results in more
empathy and compassion, a must in any healthy relationship. A person’s
awareness of his own emotional needs, behaviors, interaction patterns, and
a better understanding of the self as a relational being allows one to become
more conscious of his interactions with others, as well as make healthy
decisions that affect the self and others around him.
3. The following affect self-concept and self-esteem: the ways others react to an
individual; the way an individual compares himself to others; and the extent
to which an individual identifies with others.
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Part C
1. Experts have come up with different ways for individuals to learn about their
personality types, which are fortunately easily available to us online. The
Myers-Briggs personality exam and introvert-extrovert spectrum, as well as
SWOT analysis and Johari’s Window, are just a few examples. He can even
approach his guidance counsellor in school to assist him with this.
2. One of the factors that affect self-concept and self-esteem is the extent to
which an individual identifies with other people. If Pia is not affected, it
might be because she finds no connection to them or is not in a close
relationship with them. And so, what they say is not considered as feedback
that she can take advantage of.
3. Kevin must be highly self-aware, which means that he has a clear
understanding of himself. The self-discrepancy theory states that people
who are highly self-aware feel more pressure to live up to their ideals as
compared to those who do not know themselves well enough.
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Answers to Check Your Understanding
Lesson 2: Discovering My Uniqueness
Part A
1. demographics
2. individual differences
3. Albert Bandura or Bandura
4. attention
5. reproduction
Part B
1. Sandra Bierig once said that “To accept ourselves as we are means to value our
imperfections as much as our perfections. “ How do you explain this quote?
This quote means that people should accept their strengths and limitations. Each
person is unique, which means that we should not strive for perfection because
people are not born perfect. Each person is blessed with qualities that are both
pleasing and not. It is up to a person to celebrate his/her strengths and accept
his/her limitations. Accepting and valuing our self is a sign that a person is willing to
adjust to his/her imperfections and not devalue them.
2. Among the three methods of recording your thoughts, which are you likely to
use? Journal writing, blogging, or vlogging? Why?
In this question, a student may choose any of the three options as long as he/she
will be able to explain why he/she is choosing one. The explanation can include the
advantages and disadvantages of one method.
Sample:
I would choose journal writing because it is more private as compared to the other
43 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited
two. I am a very private person, and I would like my writings to be kept secret.
There is nothing wrong with the other two, but since blogging and vlogging make
use of the Internet, my thoughts can be misinterpreted by other people. This is not
the case with journal writing. I can review what I have written and not have to worry
that it can be misinterpreted by others.
3. Who among the young celebrities would you like to imitate and why?
The student can mention any celebrity and explain why he/she is choosing this
person. The explanation must include achievements or characteristics that would
make the person worthy of being imitated.
Sample:
I would choose Bruno Mars because he is a very talented person. He is small but
packed with talent. His albums have been sold worldwide. He has won numerous
awards. He is creative, energetic, and talented. He is also a nice person because he
gets along with anybody and can work with other superstars as well.
Part C
1. What is the importance of demographics?
Demographics provide us with a quick view of the groupings in community or
society. This is important because the data provided by demographics can be used
for various reasons like marketing, services that the government must provide,
scientific research and the like. For instance, if the local government checks the
data and find out that 40% of their population is composed of unemployed people,
they can find various ways of addressing this problem like allowing more
businesses to operate or providing job fairs.
2. Why is sharing experiences, characteristics, and habits considered as a tool for
learning?
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Sharing them can be a source of knowledge. When one is sharing experiences,
characteristics, and habits, he/she offers or presents solutions to problems that can
be imitated by other people. This method is very easy and does not require too
much effort that is why listeners are quick to learn and absorb the possible
solutions that were mentioned when one is sharing experiences. They also begin to
take note of the attitude or characteristics that helped the person in difficult
circumstances.
3. Why is attention an important component of effective modeling?
Attention is the active processing of data. When a person is paying attention,
he/she absorbs what the person is trying to say. The more attentive the person, the
more interested he/she is and the more likely to imitate what he/she is seeing. If a
person is not giving enough attention, the information given or shown will most
likely be forgotten or rejected.
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Bibliography
Anne Frank. The story of Anne Frank.
http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Frank/Anne-Franks-history-in-brief/
Delena, M., Neri, S., Palean, E., Nuncio, R., Carpena, J., Boyles, R., and Nuncio, E.
Personal Development Beyond Selfies. Mandaluyong: Anvil, 2017
Deschene, Lori. Develop Self-Awareness and Improve Your Relationships.
https://tinybuddha.com/blog/develop-self-awareness-and-improve-your-
relationships/
ELearning Industry. Sharing Experiences: A Stepping Stone to Social Learning in the
Workplace.
https://elearningindustry.com/sharing-experiences-stepping-stone-to-social-
learning-workplace
Eurich, Tasha. What Self-Awareness Really Is (And How to Cultivate It)
https://hbr.org/2018/01/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it
Gecas, Viktor. “The Self-Concept.” Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 8 (1982): 1-33.
Isaksen, Joachim Vogt. The Looking Glass Self: How Our Self-Image is Shaped by Society.
http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/05/27/the-looking-glass-self-how-our-
self-image-is-shaped-by-society/
Learning Theories.Social Learning Theory (Bandura).
https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html
Lewis, Debbie. Why Relationships Will Always Be Challenging Without Self-Awareness.
https://welldoing.org/article/why-relationships-will-always-be-challenging-without-
self-awareness
Nguyen, Thai. 12 Self-Awareness Exercises That Fuel Happiness and Success.
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fuel-happiness-and-success_b_9649748.html
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Poke, Darren. Every Person is Unique (and Why That Matters) (blog).
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that-matters/
Positive Psychology Program. Why Self-Awareness Matters and How You Can Be More
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Sifferlin, Alexandra. How Mindfulness Protects Your Heart.
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Very Well Mind. How Psychologists Define Attention.
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https://yourstory.com/2016/10/reasons-to-maintain-journal/
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Glossary
Attention. It refers to the active processing of specific information about our
surroundings. An increased or decreased the level of attention given to a specific
person, object, action or event affects the imitation of behavior.
Demographics. It is the statistical characteristics of people like age, gender, religion
or socioeconomic status.
Individual differences. It refers to the differences and similarities among people in
a psychological way.
Motivation. It is the push to imitate or duplicate.
Reciprocal Determinism. It emphasized that the person’s behavior and the
world cause each other.
Reproduction. It is the duplication of the object, action, action or event.
Retention. It is described as remembering the person, object, action or event
where attention is given.
Self-awareness. It is the ability to know one’s self extensively, not just regarding
our traits and characteristics, but also knowing our inner state and how we think.
Self-complexity. It is the different ways in which a person thinks about
himself/herself, can be high or low according to researchers.
Self-concept. It is a person’s perception of himself, how one defines and
understands himself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social,
and moral) human being.
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Self-efficacy. It is the belief and confidence that a person can accomplish tasks and
control his/her environment.
Self-esteem. It is the value an individual puts on what he knows about himself. It is
a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based on
one’s performance or behavior or his interactions with others.
Self-worth. It shows how much a person values himself or herself.