Unit 1: Three Worlds Collide

Unit 1: Emergence of the USA as a Global PlayerLearning Targets 1 - 141. I can define imperialism.Imperialism2

1. I can define imperialism.Imperialismpolicy of extending rule/control of one country over other countries, territories, people, etc, usually to control:raw materialsmarketsnaval basesBritain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan engaged in Africa, Asia, Pacific OceanU.S. must compete or be left out of empire32. I can explain why countries engaged in imperialism.Motives/reasons for imperialismidea of progressview that human race should advancenew forms of energy, business, industrySocial Darwinismsurvival of the fittest applied to nationswhite mans burdenduty of advanced nations to help developing nationsspread superior technology, medicine, political/economic systems, law, religion, education system, etc...42. I can explain why countries engaged in imperialism.Motives/reasons for imperialismstrategic/security considerationsforward defenseprotect national interestraw materials, markets, shipping lanes, etc...fear of being left outU.S., Germany, Italy new to empire bldg.scramble for coloniescapitalist economic systemLenin - capitalist nations are inherently imperialisticnever ending need for raw materials/markets for surplus goods

53. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.6

3. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.Annexation of Hawaiieconomically important since 1790scoaling station on way to Asiamissionaries establish Christian schools in 1820ssugar merchants control 3/4 of islands wealth by 1850force change in constitution to limit voting to wealthy land owners - 1887gives control of government to American businessmenbenefit from duty-free sugar imports to USthreatened by McKinley Tariff of 1890urge annexation to US to avoid tariff

73. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.Bayonet Constitutionauthored by Lorrin Thurstonsecured planters powervested authority in cabinet ministersprohibited ministers dismissal w/o legislatures approvalset wealth & property qualifications for election to legislaturegave Americans & Europeans suffrage rightsdenied to Asian laborersso-called as imposed with implied threat of armed force!

8

9

3. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.10

3. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.Queen Liliuokalani 1891Hawaii for Hawaiians movementproposed new constitution removing property qualifications to voteQueen overthrown in coup d etat - 1893John L. StevensUS ambassadorThe Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe, and this is the golden hour to pluck it.orders marines from USS Boston to land, take control of government, imprisons the QueenSanford B. Doleestablished as President of provisional government

113. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.12

John L. StevensSanford B. DoleTroops from U.S.S. Boston3. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.President Grover Cleveland 1893 - 1897orders Queen Liliuokalani restored to throneDole refuses to relinquish powerCleveland unwilling to use forcerecognizes the Republic of Hawaiirefuses annexation unless majority of Hawaiiansfavor it

By an act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown. A substantial wrong has thus been done, which a due regard for our national character, as well as the rights of the injured people, requires we should endeavor to repair.-President Grover Cleveland

13

3. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.Pearl HarborHawaii forced to sign treaty allowing construction of naval base at Pearl Harbor - 188714

3. I can explain the sequence of events that led to the overthrow of Hawaii.President William McKinleybecomes President in 1897favors annexation of HawaiiHawaii proclaimed an American protectorate 1898without Hawaiians inputbecomes 50th US state in 1959

15

What precedent did the overthrow of Hawaii set for U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century?precedentan earlier event or action that sets an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstancesexample: 2 term traditionset by George Washingtonbroken by Franklin D. Roosevelt

16What precedent did the overthrow of Hawaii set for U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century?How did overthrow of Hawaii set an example for US foreign policy in the last century?agent for US Government involved in overthrowJohn L. Stevensaccomplished for the benefit of business interestssugar growersDole Company17What precedent did the overthrow of Hawaii set for U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century?How did overthrow of Hawaii set an example for US foreign policy in the last century?1901 Platt Amendment makes Cuba a protectorate!1903 US backs Panamanian independence from Columbia1904 Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine1905 US occupies Dominican Republic1909 - U.S.-backed rebels in Nicaragua depose President Jos Santos Zelaya1914 to 1917 - U.S. troops entering northern portion of Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa

18What precedent did the overthrow of Hawaii set for U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century?How did overthrow of Hawaii set an example for US foreign policy in the last century?1915 to 1934 - United States occupation of Haiti1923 to 1928 - Marines occupied Nicaraguan cities1950 to 1953 - US and UN forces fought communist Chinese and North Korean troops in the Korean War1953 - CIA helped Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran remove the democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadegh1954 - the CIA armed anti-communist rebels that helped overthrow the Jacobo rbenz government in Guatemala

19What precedent did the overthrow of Hawaii set for U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century?How did overthrow of Hawaii set an example for US foreign policy in the last century?1958 US sponsored a failed revolt against Indonesian President Sukarno1959 - CIA attempted to depose Cuban dictator Fidel Castro through the Bay of Pigs Invasion1960 - CIA planned a coup against the government of Iraq headed by dictator Abd al-Karim Qasim1961 - CIA supported the overthrow of Rafael Trujillo dictator of the Dominican Republic1965 to 1973 - US troops fought North Vietnam and theViet Cong during the Vietnam War

20What precedent did the overthrow of Hawaii set for U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century?How did overthrow of Hawaii set an example for US foreign policy in the last century?more recently,GrenadaPanamaKuwaitSomaliaIraqAfghanistanLibyaSyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations214. I can analyze the motives of the nations involved in the Spanish-American-Cuban War.Spainmaintain age-old colonial possessions in New Worldonce, the most powerful colonial nationnow, only held onto the Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Ricoall taken by US in Treaty of Paris of 1898CubainsurrectosCuban nationalists seeking independence from Spainpursued policy of sabotage and laying waste to plantationsseeking Spains withdrawal or US interventionWhy opposed to US intervention?2223

4. I can analyze the motives of the nations involved in the Spanish-American-Cuban War.United Statesjingoisman intense form of nationalism advocating an aggressive foreign policyEconomicslarge American investments in sugar, tobacco, mining, railroads, and public utilities1898 - $50 million1913 - $220 million

244. I can analyze the motives of the nations involved in the Spanish-American-Cuban War. Treaty of Commercial Reciprocity written by U.S. in 1902reduced tariffs on Cuban goods exported to the U.S. (mainly sugar)required Cuba to import mostly American goods, in return4. I can analyze the motives of the nations involved in the Spanish-American-Cuban War.United StatesSpanish misrule in CubaButcher Weylerreconcentration policy

Monroe Doctrineresist European influence in Western Hemisphere

Guantanamo Baynaval base for strategic/defense considerations

Racismfear of a black republic

264. I can analyze the motives of the nations involved in the Spanish-American-Cuban War.Why did Cuba not want the U.S. to get involved in the war?feared the US would take control of economy and then, the political life of Cuba!Platt Amendment!no treaties w/ foreign nation to impair its independenceno build up of public debtpermit U.S. to intervene in Cuba to preserve independence/maintain law/orderallow U.S. naval bases in Cuba (Guantanamo Bay)

275. I can describe the effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War.Cuba and the Platt AmendmentTeller AmendmentU.S. has no intention of taking political control of Cubaguaranteed U.S. respect for sovereignty as an independent nationPlatt Amendmentno treaties w/ foreign nation to impair its independenceno build up of public debtpermit U.S. to intervene in Cuba to preserve independence/maintain law/orderallow U.S. naval bases in Cuba (Guantanamo Bay)w/drawal of troops conditional on Cuban acceptance of Platt Amendment

28How did the Platt Amendment affect Cubas relationship with the United States?Platt Amendment made Cuba a U.S. :protectorate!a nation whose affairs are controlled by a stronger power!

295. I can describe the effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War.PhilippinesGeorge Deweydefeats Spanish fleet at Manila BayAugust 13, 1898CubaUS casualties500 die in battle5,000 die due to malaria, dysentery, typhoidTeddy Roosevelt leads Rough Riders up San Juan Hillactually Kettle Hillnavy destroys Spanish at Santiago Bay305. I can describe the effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War.Treaty of Paris 1898Cuba independentUS acquires Puerto, GuamUS acquires the Philippinesin return for $20 million

The Philippine questionanti-imperialists opposedheavily populateddifferent race, cultureviolated principles of Declaration of Independenceright to life, liberty, happinesspossession entangle U.S. in conflicts in Asia

315. I can describe the effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War.imperialists ratify Treaty of Paris57 to 272/3rds vote necessary (2 votes short of defeat)

Philippine-American WarEmilio Aguinaldoleader of guerrilla movement against U.S. takeover of PhilippinesU.S. reconcentration policywar lasts 3 years, cost $170 million, 4,000 American lives, 20,000 Filipino lives

325. I can describe the effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War.Insular CasesDoes the constitution follow the flag?civil liberties/constitutional protections extend to peoples of Philippines/Puerto Rico?Supreme Court says no!

33What comparisons can you draw between U.S. involvement in Hawaii and in Cuba?climates conducive to sugar growing/productionuse of or threat of use of military forces tariff policy affects profits and political statusMcKinley Tariff - annexation of HawaiiTreaty of Commercial Reciprocity Platt Amendmentacquisition of naval basesPearl Harbor HawaiiGuantanamo Bay - Cuba346. I can describe the Roosevelt Corollary.35

6. I can describe the Roosevelt Corollary.Roosevelt Corollary 1904a corollary (addition) to the Monroe Doctrinearticulated by President Theodore RooseveltState of the Union Message (1904)states that the United States will intervene in conflictsbetween European Nations and Latin American countriesto enforce legitimate claims of the European powersrather than having the Europeans press their claims directly

367. I can analyze the underlying causes of World War I.Imperialismpolicy of extending rule/control of one country over other countries, territories, people, etc, usually to control:raw materials, markets, naval bases

Nationalismextreme pride and patriotism in ones nationin countries under foreign, political, or economic domination, aspirations for independence

377. I can analyze the underlying causes of World War I.System of Alliancesa formal pact of union or confederation between nations in a common causepledge of friendship and/or aidin peace or warnote Franco-American Alliance of 1778see next slide 387. I can analyze the underlying causes of World War I.Triple EntenteTriple AllianceGreat BritainFranceRussia

formed in 1907Britain & France after centuries of warFrance & Russia as strange bedfellows

GermanyAustria-HungryItaly

formed in 1907Germany & A-H for German access to the seaItaly for promises of greater colonial empire

397. I can analyze the underlying causes of World War I.Militarismthe belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interestsbuild-up of armsan arms raceespecially in naval forces

407. I can analyze the underlying causes of World War I.Fearstemming from technological advances of the Industrial Revolution leading to growing military power resulting in formation of Alliance System!418. I can recall what triggered World War I.Assassination of Franz Ferdinandheir to Austro-Hungarian throne

42

8. I can recall what triggered World War I.Assassination of Franz Ferdinandby Gavrilo Principmember of the Black Hand

43

9. I can identify countries that were part of the Allied and Central Powers.AlliesAustraliaBelgiumBritish ColoniesCanada, NewfoundlandFranceFrench North Africa & French ColoniesGreat BritainGreeceIndia

ItalyJapanMontenegroNew ZealandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSouth AfricaUnited States449. I can identify countries that were part of the Allied and Central Powers.Central PowersGermanyAustria-HungryOttoman EmpireBulgaria

note absence of Italy from original Triple Alliancesecret treaty with France not to fight each otherItaly joins the Allies

4510. I can explain how the U.S. got involved in World War I.Unrestricted Submarine WarfareSussexLusitaniaZimmerman NoteAlfred ZimmermanForeign Minister to Mexicohinted at an alliance, ifMexico attacked the United Statesmight regain the territories lost during the Mexican-American WarMexican Cession, Texas, Gadsden Purchase

4611. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.Propagandais used in accordance with psychological warfareto demonize the enemyto spread deliberate fabrications or exaggerations of the truth about their crimes in wartimeto help bring nations to action and provoke public outcry4711. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.48

11. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.49

11. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.50

11. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.51

11. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.52

11. I can hypothesize how propaganda posters might have helped with World War I.53

12. I can evaluate the circumstances under which Russia dropped out of the War.History of Czarist oppressionlanded aristocracy vs. serfs and peasantsno middle classno reformRevolution of 1905Bloody SundayCzar Nicolas allows a representative assembly Dumalater dissolved

54

12. I can evaluate the circumstances under which Russia dropped out of the War.World War Iexposes backwardness, corruption, & inefficiency of Russian government and societysoldiers unequipped (1 in 4 has a gun)mutiny & desertworkers overworked, mistreatedstrikes & protestsMarch 1917 Revolutionpeace, land, breadCzar abdicatesOctober 1917 RevolutionVladimir Lenin & Bolshevikskill imperial familyestablish communism!

55

12. I can evaluate the circumstances under which Russia dropped out of the War.56

13. I can predict the impact of the Russian Revolution on Russias relationship with its allies.Loss of two-front warGermany able to concentrate forces on western front

Loss of millions of dollars in loans/aid to Czarist regime

Bolshevik Revolutionadvocate violent seizure of poweroutlaw private property (ask!)spread revolution to other nations under capitalist control

5713. I can predict the impact of the Russian Revolution on Russias relationship with its allies.Establishment of Communisminspired by writings of Karl Marx & Frederick Engelsa classless societyfrom each according to abilities, to each according to needsresulted in establishment of totalitarian dictatorship in USSRCold War between USA & USSRthroughout the Twentieth Centuryled to nuclear arms raceKorean ConflictVietnam War

5814. I can describe the problems with the Treaty of Versailles.Big FourGreat BritainDavid Lloyd Georgeweaken Germany, reparationsFranceGeorges Clemenceauweaken Germany, reparationsItalyVittorio Orlandoexpand territoryUnited StatesWoodrow Wilsonpeace without victoryFourteen Points5914. I can describe the problems with the Treaty of Versailles.ReparationsGermany must pay $33 billion to the Allieskept Germany weak but also impoverishedHitler uses condition in rise to powerblames JewsReduction of armed forcesGerman army reduced to 100,000 menGerman navy & air force strippedHitler uses build-up of military to deal with harsh economic conditionssoldiers join ranksjobs in military-related armaments industry

6061

14. I can describe the problems with the Treaty of Versailles.Loss of German territorycreation of Polish Corridor dismembers GermanyAlsace-Lorraine to France (originally belonged to France)creation of Czechoslovakia displaces GermansHitler uses national self-determination to re-unite GermanyWar-guilt clauseGermany alone, forced to accept blame for WWIcauses?imperialism, nationalism, alliances, militarismHitler uses to promote extreme nationalism in rise to powerfascism

6214. I can describe the problems with the Treaty of Versailles.Humiliation of Germanyall nations contributed to warblaming Germany infuriated Germans toward the Treatyhuge reparations not realisticcause economic deprivationrestricted military cause some to sympathize with Germany

Ignored Russialost more territory & people than any nationnew Soviet Union became determined to regain former territory, leading to Cold War6314. I can describe the problems with the Treaty of Versailles.Inequality of treatment toward colonial empiresGermany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, Russian empires reduced, diminished, eliminatedBritish, French, United Statesempires flourishleads to WWII64