UnionCollegeandIEEESchenectadySectionpresent

TheSteinmetzMemorialLecturefor2015

OurTravelsThroughTime:EnvisioningHistoricalWavesofTechnologicalInnovation

LynnConwayProfessorofEECS,Emerita

UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor

AlectureinmemoryofCharlesProteusSteinmetzApr9,1865– Oct26,1923

WikiCommons

Legendarypioneerofelectricalengineering,

Onthe150th anniversaryofhisbirth

I’mespeciallyhonoredtohavebeeninvitedtogivethislectureforSteinmetzhasbeenapowerfulrolemodelforme,becauseofhis:

(i) Pivotalroleinthe“ACrevolution”,(ii) Creativelylivingawonderfullyfulllife,(iii) Anddoingallthisinthefaceofhardships

thatcouldhavecrushedalessersoul.

Backin1978atMIT,asIstruggledtolaunchalaterrevolution,Ikeptahisphotoonmyofficewall(seeatright,justabovethechair)...

Lynn’sofficeatMIT,1978

Keepthesewordsinmind... “Thefartherbackwardyoucanlook,thefartherforwardyoucansee.”– WinstonChurchill

Link

Aswetravelthroughtime...

We’llfirststepbackandreflectonsomeearlywavesofinnovation

Thenwe’llzoom-inontheACelectricityrevolutioninvolvingSteinmetz

AndonthelaterVLSImicrochipdesignrevolutionthatIparticipatedin

We’llthenenvisioningthehugeincomingwaveofinnovationasever-smaller,ever-more-empoweringmicrosystemsbecomeembeddedintoalmosteverything.

Note:Thisslide-show(withlinks)willbepostedonline,forlaterreference.

Link

Tosetthestage,let’svisualizesomepastwavesofdisruptiveinnovation...

We’llbegininthe1400sduringtheRenaissance,atimeoftransformationalculturaladvances...

PragueAstronomicalClock,c.1410:

ThemechanizationofastronomicalcalculationsduringtheRenaissance:

PhotobyHectorZenil (www.hectorzenil.net)

AstunningconfluenceoftheMathematics,Science,EngineeringArchitectureandArtofthetime...

Towardstheendofthe1400’sacomminglingclusterofadvancesinshipbuilding,navigationandmap-makingreacheda‘tippingpoint’,triggeringtheonsetoftheAgeofDiscovery ...

PortugueseCarrack

Mariner’sAstrolabe

GimbalCompass

Cantino planisphere (1502)

ChartingtheEarlyVoyagesduringtheAgeofDiscovery,c.1492-1522...

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Thusitbegins:

Explorationratesescalatedasmass-communicationbyprinting alsospreadinthelate-1400s,enablingadventurerstoevermorequicklypropagatenewsofwhatthey’dfoundandhowthey’dfoundit...

Link;Attribution:Aodhdubh atEnglishWikipedia

ReplicaGutenbergPressattheFeatherbedAlleyPrintshop Museum:

Theescalationisevidenced,agenerationlater,inDiogo Ribeiro’s much-more-detailedWorldMapasof1527...

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Andtwogenerationslater,inMercator’sprojection-mapof1569...

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Source

Bytheearly1700’s,exponentiation hadgeneratedamassiveglobaltradingsystem...

Now,what’happeninghere?JustexponentiationofTHINGS?Isthatallitis?

OrexponentiationofkeyclustersofinnovativeIDEASinthemindsofevermorepeople?IDEASonhowtoMAKEandUSEthings...

Mariner’sAstrolabe

GimbalCompass

PortugueseCarrack

Cantino planisphere (1502)Attribution:AodhdubhatEnglishWikipedia

Link

Bythemid-1700’s,thestagewassetforatremendousdisruptivewaveoftechnologicalinnovation,

Link

andsobegantheindustrialrevolution (~1760-1850)...

DuringtheIndustrialRevolutiontheminingofcoalandiron-orewasgreatlyamplifiedbysteam-power...

SnipfromGoogleImages

Someoftheresultingironwasusedtomakemoresteamengines,andthepositivefeedbackgeneratedaniterativeexpansion-process...

Initially,heavyindustrialrawmaterialsandproductsweretransportedusingtheexpandingcanalsystem:

WikiCommonsLoadingcoalontheLehighCanal WikiCommons

Bythe1830’s,steam-poweredrailroadsbeganinterconnectingminestoiron-worksandrail-makers,enablingmore-rapidexpansionofrailroads...

SnipfromGoogleImages

ThesechartsrevealtherapidearlyspreadofrailroadingintheUS...

http://www.cprr.org/Museum/RR_Development.html#2

Theexpansionwasacceleratedbyrapidspreadoftelegraphyinthe1850s,theeffectanalogoustothatofprintingintheageofdiscovery...

(SnipfromGoogleImages)

http://www.telegraph-history.org/http://www.telegraph-history.org/map2.htm

MapoftelegraphstationsintheUnitedStates,CanadaandNovaScotia,1853

Zoomingintothemapoftelegraphstationsin1853...

http://www.telegraph-history.org/map2.htm

Themuchexpandedrailroadsystem,asof1860...

source

Allthatsetthestageforanotherdisruptivewaveofinnovation,andtheSecondIndustrialRevolution beganinthe1860s/70s...

The Second Industrial Revolution* was characterized by

(1) the build out of railroads

(2) large scale iron and steel production

(3) widespread use of machinery in manufacturing

(4) greatly increased use of steam power

(5) use of oil

(6) beginning of electricity

(7) electrical communications – Wikipedia

Let’sfirstzoom-inandfollowtheprogress ofthe“buildoutoftherailroads”from1860– 1890...

1860

source

1870

source

1880

source

1890

source

Likecompoundinterest,theearlysocial-diffusionrateofsuchclustersoftechnologicalideasisapproximatelyproportionaltowhat’salreadythereatanygivenpointintime...

source

y(t)=y(0)e^rt

(i.e.,exponentialfunction):

y(t)=ymax/(1+((ymax/y(0))–1))e^-rt)

Butastheopportunity-spacefills,thediffusionrateoftechnologicalideasslowsastheclusternearsitsexpansionlimits...

sourceearlyexponentiation

latersaturation

(i.e.,logisticfunction):

Let’svisualizetheharnessing“electricity”bythe1890’s:

Electricgenerators,motorsandlightswerebeingembeddedinarapidly-expandingelectrically-empoweredindustrial,commercialandtransportationinfrastructure.

NamessuchasEdison,Westinghouse,Tesla,Steinmetz andSprague werebecomingfamousforrolesincreatingthenewly-spreadingtechnologies.

Andthealternatingvsdirect(ACvsDC)“warofthecurrents”wason...

Thedramaticstoryofthateraisrevealedindetailinthewebsite,displaysandresourcesoftheEdisonTechCenterhereinSchenectady.

Visualizingthespreadofelectrification,andit’sco-evolution withthespreadofelectrictractionsubwaysandinterurbanlight-railsystems...

Motors

SubwaysInterurbanrail

PlanningtheIRT,1891

Generators

Nowlet’szoom-inandlookat thespecialroleofSteinmetz intheACrevolution...

1892:

“Steinmetz’experiments...ledtohisfirstimportantwork,thelawofhysteresis.

...Untilthattimethepowerlossesinmotors,generators,transformers,andotherelectricallypoweredmachinescouldbeknownonlyafter theywerebuilt.

OnceSteinmetzhadfoundthelaw...engineerscouldcalculateandminimizelossesofelectricpower...before startingtheconstructionofsuchmachines ...

Hisworkwasimmediatelyrecognizedasaclassic...Steinmetz’reputationwasassuredattheageof27.”

EncyclopediaBrittanica:

1893:

“Hissecondcontributionwas...asymbolicmethodofcalculatingalternating-currentphenomenaandinsodoingsimplifiedanextremelycomplicatedandbarelyunderstoodfieldsothattheaverageengineercouldworkwithalternatingcurrent.

Thisaccomplishmentwaslargelyresponsiblefortherapidprogressmadeinthecommercialintroductionofalternating-currentapparatus ...

TheproblemthatSteinmetzfacedwasthatelectricalengineerswerenottaughtenoughmathematicstounderstandhisnewmathematicaltreatmentofproblemsusingcomplexnumbers.

1897-1911:

Toeducatetheelectricalengineeringprofession,hepublishedseveraltextbooks...throughhiswriting,lecturing,andteaching*,hismethodofcalculationwithcomplexnumberswasuniversallyadoptedinworkwithalternatingcurrents.”

*atUnionCollege EncyclopediaBrittanica

Steinmetz’ssymbolicmathematicalmethodsthatenabledlargenumbersofengineerstoeasily“navigate”theworldofACelectricity:

Indoingthiswork,Steinmetzalsopioneeredintheemergenceof20thcenturymethodsinengineeringscienceandengineeringeducation...

Healsomasterfullyunfoldedtheabstractmathematicsbehindhissymbolicmethods...

Link

Withtheresultthatnewly-educatedelectricalengineerscouldmechanizetheresultingmathematicalcalculationsusinginstrumentssuchasthis

K&E4053-3SlideRule,c.1910...

Source

Leadingtoarapidbuild-outofACgenerationandtransmissioninfrastructurefrom1900’sonwards...

SmithsonianSmithsonian

Expandingintothevastinfrastructure nowusedforefficientlygeneratingandtransmittingACelectricpowerfromenergy-sourcestoend-users...

SnipfromGoggleimages

VisualizingtheU.S.high-voltageACtransmissiongrid(asof2008)

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Logisticfunction

Toenvisionitsdramaticscale,lookattheUSatnight,asseenfromspace...

NASA

ThinkhowmanymindsSteinmetz’sideas passedthrutomakethishappen...

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1929

Link

1992

1924

Link

ReadingswhereyoucanlearnmoreaboutSteinmetz’samazinglife...

SteinmetzDigitalCollectionofSchenectady

Workinginhishomelaboratories.. andatCampMohawk..enjoyinglifewithhisadoptedfamily

Let’sgo‘BacktotheFuture’again,andzoom-inonalaterdisruptivewaveofinnovation inelectronicsandcomputing...

OneIparticipatedin:therevolutioninVeryLargeScaleIntegrated(VLSI)microchipdesign,beginningin1976...

Thestagewassetbyemergenceofintegratedcircuit technology inthe1960’s,enablingnumbersoftransistorsandtheirwiringtobe‘printed’ontochipsofsilicon...

Someearlyintegratedcircuits:

SnipfromGoggleimages

Andbytheearly70srevolutionincomputerdesign(usingMSIintegratedcircuits):

Innovationoftheinteractive-display,mouse-controlled“personalcomputer”,the“Ethernet”local-areanetwork,andthe“laserprinter”(atXeroxPARC) ...

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XeroxAlto,1973 Metcalfe’s originalEthernet sketch,1973

AndtheDept.ofDefense’s“Arpanet”(theearlyinternet,atDARPA)...

Arpanet map,1971

Laserprinter,1971

SourceSource

Ongoingadvancesinlithographyenabledever-finerfeaturestobeprinted,rapidlyincreasingthenumberoftransistorsprintableonsinglechips.

Andby1971,awatershedwascrossedwiththeintroductionoftheIntel4004,thefirstsingle-chip“microprocessor”:a“computerprocessoronachip”...

Itcontained2300transistors...

Source

Source

Here’sa4004’smaskset(overlainlikeastackofphotonegatives),showingpatterns“printed”ineachlayerofthechipthattogetherwillcreatethe2300transistorsandtheirinterconnections.

This“at-the-time”complexdesignhadtobemanuallydrafted,withoutaidofcomputers.

Eachmasklayerwascraftedbyhand-cuttingitsdraftedpatternintoalargesheetof‘rubylith’.

Sheetswerethenoverlaintocheckforinterlayerdesign-ruleviolations.

Theneachphoto-reducedtomakethe4004’smaskset.

GordonMooreatIntelobservedthatthenumberoftransistorsreliablyprintedonchipswasroughlydoublingeverytwoyears...

N(t)/N(0)=2^(t/2)

Moore’sLaw (asof1976)

Afterall,lookingaheaditappearedconceivableby~1990anentiresuperscalar“supercomputer”couldbeprintedonasinglechip...

Anexponentialfunction,graphedonavertical logscale

.

CarverMead namedthis“Moore’sLaw”anddeterminedthattherewerenophysicallimitstoincreasingthedensityupto~1milliontransistors.

In1976thisset-offapushatXeroxPARCandCaltechtofigureouthowtoenablesuchcomplexthingstobedesigned.

Formoreinsightintothat,youcanbrowsemy“ReminiscencesoftheVLSIRevolution”intheFall2012IEEESolidStateCircuitsMagazine.

Tonightwe’lljusthitthehighlights,includinghowSteinmetz’sstoryinfluencedtheoutcome...

Thestoryofwhatunfoldedoverthefollowingthree/fouryearsisquiteasaga...

ThatwasthefirsttimeI’dcomeforwardtotellthewholestory ...

ThebreakoutwastriggeredbyaclusterofabstractinnovationsatXeroxPARCandCaltech...

Link

IncludedwereasetofscalableVLSIchip-layoutdesignrules,intheformofratioed (dimensionless)inequalityequations(Conway,XeroxPARC)...

Theseenabledabstractchipdesignstobedigitallyshrunkdown(andreused)asMoore’slawrapidlyadvanced...

Theyalsoenabledaccruingchipsubsystemdesignstobewidelyshared...

Thedrivingidea:

Assumingthatchiplithographyscales-downyearbyyear accordingtoMoore’sLaw,Andever-moreever-fastertransistorscanbeprintedonsinglechipsastimegoesby,do:

Step(i):Useacomputerandthenewmethodstodesignthelayoutpatternsforaprocessorofmoreapowerfulcomputer,tobe“printed”inthenextdenserprocess.

Step(i+1):Usethenewchipsandnewsoftwarechip-designtoolstocreatemorepowerful“computer-design”computers,thenrepeatstep(i).

Ifevermoreengineersandprogrammerscoulddothis,andonanexpandingnumberofincreasinglypowerfulcomputers,thentheiterativeexpanding-process couldexplosivelygenerateever-moreandever-more-powerfuldigitalsystems...(i.e.,exponentiate!).

Thebigproblem:

Wherearealltheengineersandprogrammersgoingtocomefrom,andhowaretheygoingtolearnhowtodothis?Aha!RecallhowSteinmetzcopedwiththisproblem ...

So,wefirstdocumentedthe‘Mead-Conway’systemofsimplified,restructured,design-levelabstractionsandchipdesignmethodsinanevolvingcomputer-editedbook ...

LinkThusweusedourAltocomputerstomechanizenotonlyourcomputations,andourgenerationofchip-designlayouts,butalsotheevolutionofthebookitself...

Thatcomputer-editedevolvingbook,printedusingthelaserprintersatPARC,becamethedraftofthefamoustextbook:

IntroductiontoVLSISystems

byMeadandConway,publishedin1980...

WealsousedourAltostogenerate (atXeroxPARC) manyopen-sourcecell-layout-designsforkeydigital-subsystems,easilydisseminatedtostudentsandcolleaguesviatheArpanet…

CIF2.0Cell-Librarycode

PLAcells Clockdrivers

I/OPads Celllocations

URL

And,followingthe“script”SteinmetzusedtopropagatehisrevolutionaryACmethodsatUnionCollege,IintroducedthenewmethodsinaspecialVLSIdesigncourseatMITin1978.

LinkLinkLink

Thestudentslearnedtodesignchipsinthe1sthalfofthecourse,thendidproject-chipdesignsinthe2nd half.TheywerefabricatedinPatCastro’slabatHP shortlyafterthecourse.

ThereweremanyamazingresultsincludingacompleteLispmicroprocessordesignbyGuySteele...

Mapandphotomicrographofthe19studentprojectsontheMIT’78‘MultiProject’Chip

FormoreabouttheMIT’78course,seeLynn’s“MITReminiscences”

TheMIT’78coursestunnedtopfolksinSiliconValley...Chipdesigntillthenhadbeenamystery,onlygraspedbyafewcomputerarchitectsworkingforchipmanufacturers..whothushadaccesstothe“printingplants”...

Manyothertopresearchuniversitieswantedtooffersuchacourse.Buthow?

Afterintensivepondering,Icameupwiththeanswer:ReruntheMIT’78courseatadozenresearchuniversities,usingmyMITlecturenotestokeepeverythinginsync.

Buthowto“print”thestudentprojectchips?

Isuddenlyenvisionedanewformof“E-commerce”system,enablingstudentdesignfilestoberemotelysubmittedviatheArpanettoa“server”atPARC...

Theserverwouldrunlogistics-softwaretopackthedesignsintomulti-projectchipfiles(likecomposingtheprint-filesforamagazine,usingremotely-submittedarticles)...

We’dthenmakemasks,“print”MPC’satHPLabs(wheremycollaboratorPatCastrohadprototypedthefirst“siliconfoundry”),andquicklyreturnthechipstostudents.

Inthefallof1979,weorchestratedahuge“happening”(MPC79*) ...Itinvolved129buddingVLSIdesignerstakingMead-Conwaycoursesat12researchuniversities…

*TheMPCAdventures,L.Conway,XeroxPARC,1981

MPC79ArpanetE-commercesystem:

MPC79 notonlyprovidedalarge-scale“demonstration-operation-validation”ofthedesignmethods,designcourses,designtoolsande-commercedigital-prototypingtechnology…italsotriggered‘cyclicgain’in,andexponentiationof,thebuddingVLSI-design-ecosystem…

TheMPCAdventures,L.ynn Conway,XeroxPARC1981.

Thusbreakingthe“VLSIcomplexitybarrier”,spawningtheMOSIS*nationalchip-prototypingservice,andbootstrapping the“fabless-design+siliconfoundry”paradigmofchip-making…

*BytransferofMPC79technologyfromXeroxPARCtoUSC-ISI

Lynnandherteampreparepackagedchipstosendtodesigners,Jan4,1980

MPC79:

Wafer.....

Chip.......

PackagedChip ..

Example:

JimClark’s“GeometryEngine”

Visualizinghowtechno-socialdynamicstriggeredanexponentiationinthespreadoftheinnovativeVLSIdesignideasviatheemerginginternetcommunicationtechnology...

TheMPCAdventures (p.16)

By1982-83,Mead-ConwayVLSIdesigncourseswerebeingofferedat113universitiesallaroundtheworld

Startingwithseveralthousandin1971,by2011thenumberoftransistorsonachiphadpassedseveralbillion!

Inparallelwithallthat,overthepast40yearsorso,we’veseeMoore’sLawstayontrackalltheway!

N(t)/N(0)=2^(t/2)

N

N(0),t(0)

(exponentialfunctionwithtinyears)

(exponentialfunctiongraphedonlogscale)

Here’sapartialmapoftheInternet... ZoomingintoseeIPAddresses...

WikiCommons

VisualizingtheInternet’sexpansionby2010...

GlobalFoundries VLSIsilicon-chipfabricationplant,Malta,NY...

Panoramio,GoogleMapsAgiant“printingplant”forpatterningcomplexmicrosystemsontovastnumbersofsiliconchips...

AndUnderConstruction,June26,2014!

Andherearethetop“SiliconFoundries,”asof2013:

Thesearewheremanyoftheworld’sVLSIsiliconmicrochipsare“printed”...

Wikipedia

TakingaglimpseinsidethehugeTSMCfoundryinTaiwan...

GoogleImages

Themicrochipdesignsarebeingcreatedbyengineersincompaniesallaroundtheworld,thensentviatheinternettosuch“foundries”for“printing”...

Ineffect,turning“Sand”(whichismostlySiO2)into“Gold”...!

TheresultingVLSIchipsarethenusedbydesignengineerstofunctionallyempowerandcontrolallsortsofthings...thingsthatthey’redeeplyembeddedinto...

Smartphones Wearables

Autos Drones

SnipsfromGoogleImages

Zoominginononeexample,hereweseeaniPhone5chipwithDualARMCoresandmultipleGPUs

Link

InteractiveZoom-inInternetMap,2015

Thisalsoincludeschipsthatempowertheinternet...

exponentialfunction

whichcontinuestoexpandexponentially...

NASA:Earthfromspaceatnight

Withtheinternetconnectingever-more-peopleandchip-empowered-things,justimaginewhat’sgoingonoutthere,rightnow,allaroundtheworld!

Thussettingthestageforwhat’scomingnext...!

Tolearnmoreaboutthesocial,technologicalandhumandrama surroundingtheremarkablebirthofpersonalcomputingandtheinternet,seethesebooks:

LinkLinkLink

201019991999

Link

"What'spastisprologue"– WilliamShakespeare

It’snowtimetolookforward,intothefuture...!

waveofinnovationoutthere,nowjustbeyondthesocial-time-horizon...Asweturn180⁰andlookahead... wecanvisualizeahugeincoming

Onethingforsure:

Link

Thisoneisthe“BigOne”!...

Upuntilnowmicrosystemshavebeendeeplyembeddedout-of-sightandout-of-mindinsideof“things”like...Smartphones Wearables

Autos Drones

Butwhyisitstartingnow?...Let’ssetthestage:

Thusfewfolksvisualize the“manyideasinmotion”thatgeneratetheastonishing‘out-of-body’experiences whenflyingaParrotBebopwithanOculusRift...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZdSMAG90Rs www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io6V0NR7DN0

That’sallabouttochangeduetotechnologicalmilestonessuchasMotorola's"ProjectAra" tocreatemodularsmartphones...

Ara’s ‘Phonebloks’willpopularizetheconceptofmicro‘HardwareApps’

Manyfar-tinierthancurrent-day‘bigthings”likecameras,GPSunits,servos,bluetooth links,microphones...

Suchmicrosystemsnowinoursmartphones(butoutofsightandoutofmind)willsuddenlybecomemorevisible.

Andthey’renotjustprocessorchips,they’realsoMicroElectroMechanical(MEMS)Chips,tinymicro-mechanismsalsoprintedlithographicallyin“foundries”...

MEMS,suchasinertialmeasurementunits(IMUs),microsensors,microcamsandmicro-transducers ...andtheirmicrocontrollers andmicro-interconnects ...

IMUs Microcameras

Sensors Interconnects

Andthey’reallgettingaLOTtinier!Seeforexample:TheMichiganMicroMote:

“...researchersattheUniversityofMichiganunderthedirectionofProfessorsDavidBlaauw,DennisSylvester,DavidWentzlof andPrabalDuttahaverecentlyannouncedthe...“MichiganMicroMote.”

...amulti-layeredintegratedcircuitwithbuilt-insolarcells,battery,microprocessor,sensors,radioandmemory...come(s)inthreetypes,measuringtemperature,pressureorimages“

ComputerHistoryMuseum

Toglimpsewherethisisheading,checkouttheZano drone,arecentlylaunched“animatedsystem”…

Extremelytiny,itincludesanHDcam,IMU,GPS,MCU,IRobstacleavoidance,gesturecontrol,autofollowing,swarming andmore…

Therearesomanydimensionstoitscapabilities,it’shardtoevensaywherethe“system”beginsandwhereitends...checkoutthisamazingVIDEO!

Source

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgkbhjXTbOE

Thesearen’tjustfrivolousrecreationalplay-things,butinsteadhavevastpotentialforhumanempowerment...

Considerthestoryofaheart-patientconfinedbyanlengthyhospitalstay

Hecannowenjoyexploringthebeautifulworldoutsidehiswindow,alaptopcontrollinghisdrone,providingstunningviewsofwhat’soutthere

Itwon’tbelongbeforewecanjoinfriendsongroup“drone-tours”ofremoteplacesaroundtheworld,rightfromownindividualhomes...

Witheachourdrones“carryingoureyes”remotelyintheformoffisheyelensesandmicrocams (asintheBebop)

WhichweseethroughbyusingourOculusRiftsovertheinternet!

Imaginetheimpactastoday’skidsstartpeekingattheinsidesofZanonanodrones!

URL

Thinkofthepossibilitiesofwhattheymightdonext!

Someideas/thingsinthecomingwaveofinnovationsarehinted-atbythenewMyo gesturecontrolarmbands fromthemechatronicsengineersatThalmic Labs:

https://www.thalmic.com/en/myo/

VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO!

So,what’shappeninghere?

Insteadofjustprintingabilliontransistorsontosingle“large”smartphonechips.

Wecanalsoprintamilliontransistorsonto1000verytinybutverypowerfulchips.

I.e.,youcanactuallydoalotwithamilliontransistors!

Sowecannowembedlotsandlotsoftinymicro-processorsandMEMSmicro-mechanismsintoalmosteverything.

Placingthemweretheycangetlocalphysicaldatasuchasposition,acceleration,temperature,pressure,etc.

Thusenablingsmart-distributed-clustersoftinychipstoanimateandinteractivelycontrolmanymacro-scalesystemssuchasrobots,drones,autos...

Suchchipscanbeselectedandembeddedinmacro-scalesystemsByexploitinginnovationsinselectionmethods,andinnovationsinwoven,printed,near-fieldandwirelessinterconnections...MicroChiplets (XeroxPARC) Low-energyBluetoothbeacons

Smarttextiles(PASTA)

Near-fieldcommunications

Video

Thisembedded-microsystemsrevolutionisgettingupabigheadofsteaminemerging“SiliconValleys”,“Cambridges”and“MakerValley’s”allaroundtheworld…

Source

Wecanzoom-inandwatchitunfoldinmappingsofmanyspecificareasofmicro-systemtechnology,suchastheimagesensorsfor“microcameras” ...

Andinthemovementof“application-idea-clusters”alongGartner’s“HypeCycle”

2014URL

Onekeyclusterofinnovationsonthatwaveis“3DPrinting”...Enablingmacro-scale3D“things”tobequicklymadefromdigital-specscreatedbydesignersusingpersonalcomputers...

3Dprintersenablemakingprototypemacrostructuressuchasrobots,drones,medicaldevices,andmore...intowhichmicrosystemscanbeembedded...

Onceprototypesareperfected,design-filescanbesharedormarketedtoother3Dprinterusersanywhere...

Whenthose“things”becomeobsolete,theirpolymermacro-structurescanbe‘melted-down’andreusedtomakenew“things”...

Innovativenewmicro-hardwareappscanalsobeinsertedintosuchadditivemanufacturingsystems...enablinga3Dprinterthatprint3Dprinters*toprototypeayetmorepowerful3-Dprinter!

*“PrintersforPearce:AnInterviewwith3DPrintersforPeace’sDr.JoshuaPearce”,MichaelMolitch-Hou,3DPrintingIndustry,10/18/13 Seealso:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8Wv3LCJcUE andhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiJDx9dCfEQ

Justaswhensomeoftheironwasfed-backtomakemoresteamenginestofurtherempowertheindustrialrevolution...

Innovatingsuchiterativefeedbackloops yields“gain”inthetechnologicalexplorationsystem...

‘BlendedLearning’bygiulia.forsythe,Flickr‘WhatisaMOOC?’bygiulia.forsythe,Flickr

But(recallingSteinmetz’sdilemma)howwillalltheyounginnovatorslearntograspthenewwaveofconceptspropellingthisrevolution?

Fortunately,awaveofexploratorychangeissweepingengineeringeducation,justintime...

Andmore...

Source

Manyyoungincomingengineeringstudentshavealsogaineddeep-experiencesat...

LEGOCamps MakerFaires

FABLabs RobotCompetitions

Plus,theycannowgainongoingknowledgeasneeded,usinginternet-basedlifelong-learningresources...

Some(the“microsystemsdesigners”)willgoontoexploitrapidly-evolvingelectronicdesignautomation(EDA) and“multi-physics”designtoolstocreatenewmicro-hardwareapps...

SnipfromGoogleImages

Exploitinginnovationssuchas3Dchip-stackingandthrough-siliconvias (TSVs)tocomposeever-tiner chip-modulesand“hardwareApps”(likethe‘MicroMote’)...

Manyothers(the“mechatronicsdesigners”)willusecollaborativemacro-scaledesigntoolssuchasDessault Systems’‘3DExperiencePlatform’

toinnovativelyembedsmartmodularhardware-appstodramaticallyanimateanewwaveofhuman-scalesystems...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPu28vUcZzI

Startingwithincars

World-wideautomotivetechnologywillbeahugedriveroftherapidembeddingofmicro-hardwareAppsintohuman-scalesystems...

andonintoMobilitytechnology

andintoSmart Roadways

Nowwe’veallheardaboutSelf-drivingcars...LATimesInfographic:

Forexample,justthisweekattheShanghaiMotorShow (April20-29,2015)Mini isshowcasingtheirnewaugmented-realityglassesconcept...

Tovisualizethemanypossibilitiesofthisconcept,watchthisremarkableVIDEO

Butwhataboutexploiting“AugmentedReality”(asin“ParrotBebop+OculusRift”)inconjunctionwithmobilitytechnology...

http://traffictechnologytoday.com/news.php?NewsID=68125

VIDEO:ApproachingtheMini... Seeingthroughtheside-doors...Decidingwheretogonext...Seeingrealwheelwhenparking...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QARt89_6Jrs#t=19

http://blogs.jabil.com/2014/08/13/internet-of-things-infographic/

Theinnovativeembeddingofever-tiner micro-hardwareappswillquicklyspread...

http://blogs.jabil.com/2014/08/13/internet-of-things-infographic/

Andbegintofunctionallyenhancejustabouteverything...

Alongtheway,themicrosystemsupply-chains intotheelectronics,automotive,medical,clothing,home-applianceandbuildingindustrieswillcross-coupleandcommingle

Source

andenhancementsgainedineachwillquicklycross-fertilizeothers...

Therewillbemanydisruptivechangesincurrentbusinessmodelssuchas...

Reshorings willreduceclusteredturnaroundtimes...

Order-to-Deliverytimes paceratesofexploration...

Logisticssystemswilltakecenterstage...

SourceSource

From:TheAgeofOpportunity:HarnessingComplexityToSolveBigWorldProblemsbyFrankSpencer,kedgefutures.com

Buthowwillwecopewiththe‘complexity’oftheemergingtechno-socialecosystem?

Byexploitingthingslikecollaborativelearning,crowdsourcing,crowdfunding,IPbrokering,agilemethods,rapid-digital-prototyping,andmore ...

Everyone,fromengaged-users tomakers,willbeabletoscaleuptheirparticipationandimpact.

NASA

Onlynow,insteadofjustexploringhowtomakeeverbiggerthingsthatgoeverfurtherandeverfaster,suchaswhenreachingfor“outerspace”...

We’veinvertedourperspective180⁰,reachingdownintothe“deepinnerspaces”ofthemicro/nano/pico world...

Andareexploringhowtomakeandexploitvast-quantitiesofever-tinier,ever-more-empowering“micro/nano things”...

GoogleImages

Forexample,usingScanningElectronMicroscopy(SEM)tostudythedetailsofthetinymicro-machineryprintedonMEMS chips...

AtomicForceMicroscopy(AFM)

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy(STM)

Andzooming-inevenfurthertomeasureandmapsthingsdownatthemolecularandatomiclevels...

Soastoguideadventurersonexplorationsatplacesandinfieldssuchas...

MITNano

HarvardWyssInstitute

DARPAMicrosystems

SyntheticBiology

BiologicallyInspiredEngineeringModel-BasedDesign

STEM+ARTS=STEAM

DraperLab CollaborationTechnology

AugmentedRealitySocialMedia

GeneticAlgorithmsSelfAssemblingSystems

GoogleATAP

MicrosoftResearch

Facebook

ResearchUniversities

MachineVisionMachineHearing

AugmentedKinesthetics

SocialPhysics

SocialDynamics

SocialMachines

SocialLearning

Multiengineering

Meta^2Mathematics

MetaArchitecture UPS

AmazonExplorationInfrastructure

Thusitbegins,allaroundtheworld...

Link

Andit’sonitsway...!

Beforelong,adventurersaroundtheworldwillbe“surfing”somewhereonthiswave...!

Ah,buttheescalatingratesoftechno-social-changewillchallenge existingculturalpatterns,becauseofmassivesocialaccumulationsofpasthabits:

What’sthenewgamethistime?

Whogetstoplay?

Whatrulesdoweplayby?

Wherecanweturnforguidance?

Andhowdowedropoldhabits?...URL

Forinsightintowhat'sabouttohappen,reflectonthisnews:'AppleWatchdesignersoneasingthesmartphonetyrannytheycreated'

http://www.wired.com/2015/04/the-apple-watch/

Itwillhelpyouto"Remember,thisboldstepintothefutureisNOTabout"thethings",

it'saboutthecreative"IDEASandVISIONembodiedinthethings“.– LynnConway

Butyousay,“howcanweeverkeepup?”Hasn’tthetrainalreadyleftthestation,formanyofus?

Somewordstoremember:"Inaworldofchange,thelearnersshallinherittheearth,whilethelearnedshallfindthemselvesperfectlysuitedforaworldthatnolongerexists" – EricHoffer

Andit’sever-easiertoengageinfun-filled,lifelonglearning...

Besides,

“Astherateoftechno-socialchangeincreases,we’llalllivefarfurtherintotheunfoldingfuturethanweeverdareddream“– LynnConway

TheMPCAdventures (p.16)XeroxPARC1981.URL

Whenvisualizingtheseswirlingmassesofideasinmotionreflectbackontherapid-evolutionary-process-diagram fromtheVLSIrevolution...Onlynow,vastlymoresuchprocessesruninparallelandcross-fertilize...Whileanewscienceexplores,mapsanddescribeswhat’shappening...

1976

19781979

’79:LaunchingtheVLSIcoursesviaMPC79!!

1977

’76:HowtocopewithVLSIcomplexity?

’77:InventingscalableVLSIdesignrules.

’78:LaunchingtheVLSImethodsatMIT!

VisualizingtheexponentiatingwaveofVLSIinnovation...

Somequestionstoponderaswebeginsurfingsuchwaves:Howdowegear-upandlearnthebasicmoves?

Whodoweteam-upwithandwheredowegoexploring?

Whereisthisthingheadedandwhat’sourmission?

unfoldingexponentiation

nearingsaturation

Ofcoursesuch2Dviewsmisslotsofwhat’shappening...Let’splaywithvisualizingwavesin4Dtogainabetterperspective...

IsthisaTravelingWave?A StandingWave?OrWhat?

Thisstunningvideo*hintsatwaystothinkaboutit...

Letsplayfullyvisualizetheincomingwaveofinnovationasatimeseriesof“GHCprofiles”(2Dslicesthruthe3Dwaveatincrementsintime)...

*"Water,"byMorganMaasenhttp://vimeo.com/90429499

GartnerHypeCycle2014http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2819918

Finally,someconjecturesaboutpossiblefutures:

Bycooperativelylearningandsharingideasonhowtodomore-and-morewithless-and-less,theincomingwaveofinnovationshasthestunningpotentialof:

(1) Sustainablyprovidingever-increasing infrastructuralfunctionalityandlifeempowermentperperson,

(2) Whileconsumingever-decreasing energyandmaterialresourcesperperson

(3) Thusbeginningthereigning-in ofourunsustainableover-useofplanetearth

(4) Whilesimultaneously opening anunprecedentedcollaborative/competitiveexplorationofthegreatestoffrontiers,thefrontierof“Whatit’spossibletodo”!

...andapersonalperspectiveon“OurTravelsThroughTime”...

“Ifyouwanttochangethefuture,startlivingasifyou’realreadythere!”– LynnConway

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LinktoEpilogue,References,Notes& Afterwords