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UFC 4-740-11AN 01 March 2005

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

RECREATION CENTERS

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UFC 4-740-11AN 01 March 2005

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UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

RECREATION CENTERS

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity) NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/) Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes DG 1110-3-132, dated January 1976. The format of this UFC does not conform to UFC 1-300-01; however, the format will be adjusted to conform at the next revision. The body of this UFC is the previous DG 1110-3-132, dated January 1976.

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UFC 4-740-11AN 01 March 2005

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FOREWORD \1\ The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable. UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below. UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source: • Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/. Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current. AUTHORIZED BY: ______________________________________ DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E. Chief, Engineering and Construction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

______________________________________DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E. Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

______________________________________ KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E. The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

______________________________________Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E. Director, Installations Requirements and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment)

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http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf

https://65.204.17.188/projnet/cms/version2/index.cfm?WORKFLOW=CMS_CCRQAdd&Action=IDFORM&SecureTry=1

http://dod.wbdg.org/

UFC 4-740-11AN 1 MARCH 2005

Foreword - Continued 1 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS. Design all DoD facilities to comply with UFC 1-200-01, Design: General Building Requirements. If any conflict occurs between this UFC and UFC 1-200-01, the requirements of UFC 1-200-01 take precedence. 2 SAFETY. Design all DoD facilities to comply with DODINST 6055.1 and applicable Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) safety and health standards. NOTE: All NAVY projects, must comply with OPNAVINST 5100.23 (series), Navy Occupational Safety and Health Program Manual. The most recent publication in this series can be accessed at the NAVFAC Safety web site: www.navfac.navy.mil/safety/pub.htm. If any conflict occurs between this UFC and OPNAVINST 5100.23, the requirements of OPNAVINST 5100.23 take precedence. 3 FIRE PROTECTION. Design all DoD facilities to comply with UFC 3-600-01, Design: Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities. If any conflict occurs between this UFC and UFC 3-600-01, the requirements of UFC 3-600-01 take precedence. 4 ANTITERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION. Design all DoD facilities to comply with UFC 4-010-01, Design: DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. If any conflict occurs between this UFC and UFC 4-010-01, the requirements of UFC 4-010-01 take precedence. Remember, project drawings provide the construction information necessary for the installation of all elements required for force protection, but must not contain information on force protection methods, philosophy or information on design threats. For further guidance, contact the appropriate service criteria development office.

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http://www.navfac.navy.mil/safety/pub.htm

DG 1110-3-132

Design GuideRECREATIONCENTERS

Department of the ArmyEngineering DivisionMilitary Construction DirectorateOffice of the Chief of Engineers

Washington, DC 20314

January 1976

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Foreword – January 1976

FOREWORD

The Design Guide (DG) series has been established to replace selected material previouslyissued under the standard design medium by the Engineering Division, MilitaryConstruction Directorate, Office of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army.

This guide governs design of Army Recreation Centers. The Army program for RecreationCenters is contained in AR-28-1. Recreation Centers support the mission of the ArmyRecreation Services by providing professionally planned social, cultural, educational,amusive and information services which are responsive to the leisure needs of the Armycommunity.

This guide states basic planning and design considerations, criteria, and spatialorganization principles, and illustrates how the guidance can be applied to respond todifferent requirements. This guide is applicable to all new construction projects for ArmyRecreation Centers and projects involving modernization of existing facilities.

Detailed development of this guide was under the direction of the Special ProjectsSection, Structures Branch, of the Engineering Division. Major parts of the materialcontained herein are based on the results of an architectural services contract with thefirm of Hartman-Cox Architects, Washington, DC, and their consulting firm,Environmental Research Group, Philadelphia, Pa., under Contract No. DACA-73-73-C-0007. The functional requirements in this guide have been developed in conjunction with,and approved by, the U.S. Army Recreation Services Office in the Office of the AdjutantGeneral.

Distribution of this guide is limited. Additional essential copies are available from theOCE Publications Depot, 890 Pickett Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22304.

Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements to HQDA(DAEN-MCE-A) Washington, DC 20314.

FOR THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS:

LIMITED DISTRIBUTION LEE S. GARRETTChief, Engineering DivisionDirector of Military Construction

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Table of Contents – January 1976

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

CHAPTER 11-11-21-31-41-51-6

CHAPTER 22-1

2-2

2-3

CHAPTER 33-13-23-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

CHAPTER 44-14-2

4-3

4-4

4-5

4-6

4-74-8

PAGE

I

INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE 1-1SCOPE 1-1REFERENCES 1-1FORMAT 1-1EMPHASIS 1-2RESPONSIBILITIES 1-2

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONSARMY RECREATION PRO-GRAM 2-1PLANNING THE ARMYRECREATION CENTER 2-5SELECTING THE SITE 2-7

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSDESIGN OBJECTiVES 3-1DESIGNING THE SITE 3-1DESIGNING THE BUILD-ING 3-4DESIGNING THE lNTE-RIORS 3-8DESIGNING FOR ENERGYCONSERVATION 3-13DESIGNING FOR THE PHYS-ICALLY HANDICAPPED 3-14

INDIVIDUAL SPACE CRITERIAGENERAL 4-1TRANSITIONAL ACTIV-ITIES 4-3LARGE GROUP ACTIV-ITIES 4-8SMALL GROUP ACTIV-ITIES 4-17ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIV-ITIES 4-34REFRESHMENT ACTIV-ITIES 4-41SERVICE ACTIVITIES 4-50OUTDOOR ACTIV-ITIES 4-54

CHAPTER 55-15-25-35-4

CHAPTER 66-16-26-36-46-56-6

PAGE

SPATIAL ORGANIZATIONOBJECTIVES 5-1PRINCIPLES 5-1CRITERIA 5-1CONCEPTS 5-3

CASE STUDIESGENERAL 6-112,700 SF CENTER 6-219,800 SF CENTER 6-727,800 SF CENTER 6-13FOUND SPACE 6-18REMODELED SPACE 6-22

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – List of Figures – January 1976

LIST OF FIGURES

2-1

3-13-23-33-43-5

3-6

3-7

3-83-93-10

3-113-123-133-143-15

4-14-24-34-44-54-6

4-74-84-94-104-114-124-134-144-15

4-164-17

4-18

Diagrammatic Installation Land Use

Site AnalysisSite DesignTransitional SpaceAcoustical ZonesAdaptability of Large Group ActivityAreaCoordination of Exposed StructuralMembersIntegration of Mechanical and Elec-trical Systems with ArchitecturalDesignDiagrammatic Bioclimate ChartVariety of Light LevelsSubdivision Large Group Area intoSmall Group ActivitiesUse of Built-in and Movable FurnitureAmount of Solar EnergySun’s Path during YearSolar Shading DevicesDimensions of Man in a Wheelchair

Transitional ActivitiesCirculation/Lounge AreasLobbyLarge Group ActivitiesCentral Program AreaCentral Program Area Alternative UsePlansPlatformPantryPantry Equipment LayoutSmall Group ActivitiesActive Games AreaTelevision LoungeTable Game AreaOpen Multipurpose AreaOpen Multipurpose Area AlternativeUse PlansEnclosed Multipurpose AreaEnclosed Multipurpose Area Alter-native Use PlansTelephone Lounge

PAGE

2-7

3-23-33-43-4

3-5

3-6

3-63-63-7

3-93-113-133-133-133-14

4-24-34-54-74-8

4-94-114-144-154-164-174-194-214-23

4-244-25

4-264-27

4-194-204-21

4-224-234-244-254-264-274-28

4-29

4-304-31

4-324-33

4-344-354-36

5-1

5-25-35-45-5

6-16-26-36-46-56-66-76-86-96-106-116-12

PAGE

Carrels 4-29Special Interest Area 4-31Special Interest Area Alternative UsePlans 4-32Administrative Activities 4-33Control Center 4-34Administrative Offices 4-36Information, Tour & Travel 4-38Refreshment Activities 4-40Vending Machine Area 4-41Vending Area – 12,700 SF CenterFurniture & Equipment Layout 4-43Vending Area – 19,800 SF CenterFurniture & Equipment Layout 4-43Snack Bar 4-44

Snack Bar Furniture & EquipmentLayout 4-46Amusement Center 4-47Amusement Center Furniture & Equip-ment Layout 4-49Outdoor Activities 4-53Terrace 4-54Entry Court 4-56

Spatial Organization Conceptual Di-agram 5-3Linear Scheme 5-4Central Scheme 5-4Dispersed Scheme 5-5Axial Scheme 5-5

Spatial Diagram 12,700 SF Center 6-2Plan 12,700 SF Center 6-5Elevation & Section 12,700 SF Center 6-6Spatial Diagram 19,800 SF Center 6-8Plan 19,800 SF Center 6-11Elevation & Section 19,800 SF Center 6-12Spatial Diagram 27,800 SF Center 6-14Plan 27,800 SF Center 6-16Elevation & Section 27,800 SF Center 6-17Plan Found Space Building 6-18Plan Renovated Found Space 6-21

Redecoration of Ballroom to DecreaseIts Apparent Size 6-25

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – List of Figures – January 1976

List of Figures – continued PAGE

6-13 Remodeling of Ballroom into a Centralprogram and Small Group Activities 6-26Areas

6-14 Renovations for Special Interest Room,TV Lounge and lTT Booth 6-27

6-15 Entry Court Redesign 6-296-16 Terrace Redesign 6-296-17 Plan Remodeled Center 6-30

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – List of Tables – January 1976

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

TABLE 2-1. Activity Matrix for Game Exam-ple 2-3

2-2. Activity Matrix for Theme Pro-gram Example 2-3

2-3. Civilian Staff Requirements 2-52-4. Authorized Space Criteria Re-

lated to Enlisted Strength 2-52-5. Required Site Utility Examples 2-82-6. Site Acreage Requirements 2-8

TABLE 5-1. Affinity Matrix 5-25-2. Spatial Organization Scheme

Evaluation 5-6

TABLE 6-1. Spatial Requirements 12,700SF Center 6-3

6-2. Spatial Requirements 19,800SF Center 6-9

6-3. Spatial Requirements 27,800SF Center 6-15

6-4. Spatial Requirements FoundSpace 6-20

6-5. Comparison of 1955 DesignStandards and Design GuideCriteria 6-24

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Introduction – January 1976

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE

a. DESIGN. This guide provides criteria togovern the design of Army Recreation Centers,and to aid in the evaluation of such designs.This guide is directed towards improving earlydesign decisions and towards the developmentof realistic, cost-effective spaces in conjunctionwith the Army regulations and DOD criteriareferenced herein.

b. PLANNING. This guide is also intended toprovide generaI guidance for using servicepersonnel and Corps of Engineers field officesin planning facilities for inclusion in militaryconstruction programs.

c. IMPROVEMENT. It is expected that usingservice personnel will find additional use forthis guide in developing improvements or inbetter utilizing existing facilities.

1-2 SCOPE

a. APPLICATION. This document is applica-ble to all new construction projects for ArmyRecreation Centers. It is also applicable asgeneral guidance to projects involving themodernization of existing facilities.

While this is the basic criteria document forArmy Recreation Centers, it is not intended toprovide all of the information required forsuccessful preparation of project designs.Additional information must be obtained fromthe unique requirements at the installation levelwhich are associated with the general descrip-tion of activities contained herein and thelocational constraints and opportunities of thesite.

b. CASE STUDIES. Space allowances for ArmyRecreation Centers are defined in DOD4270.1 -M, Construction Criteria Manual. Forthe purpose of this document, case studies aredeveloped herein for three sizes of RecreationCenters (12,700 SF, 19,800 SF, and 27,800SF).

1-3 REFERENCES

a. FUNCTIONAL NEEDS. The fo l lowingArmy Regulation is important in understandingthe functions of an Army Recreation Center:

AR 28-1 – Army Recreation Services

b. DOD CONSTRUCTION CRITERIA. Thefollowing manual is important in understandingthe basic criteria governing the planning anddesign of Department of Defense facilities:

DOD 4270.1 -M – Construction Criteria Manual

c. PROJECT PLANNING. The following reg-ulations are important in understanding proce-dures for planning facilities in conjunction withthe development of Military Construction,Army (MCA) Programs:

AR 415-15 – MCA Program DevelopmentAR 415-17 – Empirical Cost Estimates forMilitary Construction

d . D E S I G N E X E C U T I O N . T h e f o l l o w i n gArmy and Engineer Regulations are importantin understanding execution procedures whichmust be considered in the design of facilitiesdesignated for inclusion in MCA programs:

AR 415-20 – Project Development and DesignApprovalER 1110-345-100 – Design Policy for MilitaryConstructionER 1110-345-700 – Design AnalysisER 1110-345-710 – DrawingsER 1110-345-720 – Specifications

e. COMPLETION RECORDS. The followingregulation is important in understanding thekind of records transferred to the using serviceupon completion of a project:

AR 415-10 – General Provisions for MilitaryConstruction

1 - 4 F O R M A T

The format of this guide is intended tofacilitate the development of project require-

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ments and designs by allowing the user of theguide to apply these criteria to each unique,local situation.

Major principles and criteria are contained infive chapters: planning considerations; designconsiderations; individual space criteria; spatialorganization principles; and illustrative designsof case studies.

a. PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERA-TIONS. These chapters will familiarize designpersonnel with Recreation Centers and designobjectives; they will guide programming person-nel in delineating functional requirements; theywill acquaint the evaluation personnel andfacility managers with the activities that takeplace in the Centers.

b . I N D I V I D U A L S P A C E C R I T E R I A A N DSPATIAL ORGANIZATION. These two chap-ters will be the principal reference for designpersonnel, presenting them with detailed designconsiderations; the programming personnel willfind detailed information to tailor a buildingprogram to an installation’s local, individualneeds; evaluation personnel will find thestandards by which a project design can beevaluated.

c. CASE STUDIES. This chapter will help thedesign personnel establish design concept plans;to the programming personnel it will demon-strate possible design alternatives; it will helpacquaint the evaluation personnel with Recrea-tion Centers; it will demonstrate to facilitymanagers how they might rearrange their ownCenters more effectively. The case studies arenot intended to be definitive designs since localvariables will usually be too great to make thispracticable. They do, however, representpossible applications of the criteria containedherein in the form of example programs anddesigns for different facility sizes involvinghypothetical local situations.

EMPHASIS

a. DESIGN QUALITY. Emphasis shall beplaced on the quality of architectural designsince it vitally affects the longevity, economics,usefulness, efficiency, and attractiveness of aRecreation Center and its interior and exteriorspaces.

b. DESIGN SERVICES. Architects for thesefacilities shall be selected on the basis of:

●

●

●

●

●

c.

A continuing experience in designing recrea-tional facilities with similar functions andrequirements.

A demonstrated imaginative approach tobuilding design that integrates design qual-ity, functional efficiency, and cost control.

Experience with modern, flexible construc-tion systems.

Efficient and well-managed project proce-dures and coordination with consultants,

The ability to provide professional interiordesign services.

USER INFORMATION. Provisions relatedto the efficient operation and maintenance ofthe facility shall also be emphasized duringdesign. Information to supplement projectcompletion records should be prepared toinstruct the using service on how to gain themost benefit from such provisions.

1-6 RESPONSIBILITIES

a. USING SERVICE. The using service formilitary construction projects is defined in AR415-10, and its responsibilities are outlined inAR 415-20. The using service is responsible for:

(1) Development of functional requirementsin conjunction with the guidelines in this guide.

(2) Justification of functional requirementsfalling beyond the scope of the guidelines inthis guide.

(3) Preparation and submission of theProject Development Brochure required by AR415-20.

(4) Obtaining installation action to gain siteapproval i f the project is not sited inaccordance with the DA-approved master plan.

(5) Preparation and submission of DD Form1391 and supporting data in accordance withAR 415-15.

(6) Approval of concept designs to certifycompliance with functional requirements.

b. DESIGN AGENCY. The Corps of Engineersfield office responsible for design will:

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(1) Insure that the functional requirementsof the using service are incorporated into theproject design.

(2) Insure that the requirements of theusing service fall within the scope of theguidelines in this guide.

(3) Insure that all deviations from this guiderequested by the using service are adequatelyexplained in project design analysis.

(4) Insure that the quality standards foroverall design are emphasized as stated herein.

(5) Insure that the assemblage of userinformation is complete at the completion ofthe project, and provided, together withcompletion records required by AR 415-20, tothe using service.

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – P!anning Considerations – January 1976

CHAPTER 2P

2-1

LANNING CONSIDERATIONS

ARMY RECREATION PROGRAM

a. GENERAL. The mission of the ArmyRecreation Services is to increase the effec-tiveness of the Army by maintaining moraleand physical and mental fitness by promotingmaximum participation in planned and diver-sified activities. The Army Recreation Centerprogram is one of seven core programs; theothers are Arts and Crafts; Dependent YouthActivities; Library; Music and Theater; OutdoorRecreation; and Sports and Athletic Training.The Recreation Center program is intended toencourage the individual to try new activitiesthat would stimulate creative thinking, mo-tivate involvement in social functions, andenhance social skills in a relaxed and pleasantatmosphere by providing a wide range ofrecreation information and social services.

b. OBJECTIVES. The policy governing ArmyRecreation Services (AR 28-1 ) requires that theprogram adhere to several objectives; thesestandards have direct bearing on the planningand design of all Recreation Services facilities.

(1) Diversity. Programs must be varied toprovide a freedom of choice and meet a widerange of ages, abilities, and preferences.

Design Implication: The Army RecreationCenter should be designed to allow maximumfreedom of movement and to support the manyactivities that occur simultaneously; thereshould be a diversity of spatial arrangements inwhich the activities can occur.

(2) Relevance. Programs must be contem-porary, relevant, innovative, and tailored toincorporate new trends and interests.

Design Implication: The design must beadaptable to changing social values withoutextensive remodeling. The physical appearancemust be contemporary and appealing.

(3) Change of Pace. Programs must providea change of pace from duty environment.

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Design Implication: The design must create anon-military atmosphere. The plan should allowmaximum freedom for the user to behave withminimum restrictions.

(4) Maximum Participation. Local pro-grams must provide and emphasize instructionin activities to stimulate maximum participa-tion.

Design Implication: A successful design shouldreflect attitudes, interests and needs of the localmilitary community. The responsibility fordetermining these needs rests locally, with theRecreation Center’s staff and patrons.

(5) Expanded Leisure Opportunities. Par-ticipants must be introduced to new orunfamiliar activities as a means of broadeninginterests, skills, and knowledge in constructivepursuits.

Design Implication: The interior of the facilitiesshould be open to encourage casual observationof activities in progress so that interest issparked and participation is encouraged.

c. PROGRAM COMPONENTS. The Programof Army Recreation Centers is divided into fourmajor components: Regular, Leisure Servicesand Resources, Special Interest, and MobileRecreation Units. In addition to standardprogramming, there could be non-recreationalevents such as miIitary organization observ-ances, conferences, bloodmobiles, commander’scalls, etc. Main Recreation Centers house allfour components, while Branch Centers houseonly Regular and Special Interest components.

(1) Regular Component. This componentconsists of standard recreational activities suchas dances, discussions, tournaments, films,shows, festivals; and self-generated activitiessuch as games, cards, record and tape listening,and TV viewing.

(2) Leisure Services and Resources Compo-nent. There are two parts to this component

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Planning Considerations – January 1976

which occur at Main Centers only:

(a) information/Tour/Travel (ITT) isthe centralized information office for on- andoff-post leisure activities and recreationalresources such as group tours, travel planning,and distribution of tickets for recreationalactivities.

(b) Consultant Services provide com-prehensive social and supplemental consultantservices and maintain liaison with appropriatemilitary and civilian agencies for unit parties,military celebrations and anniversary obser-vances, leisure counseling and referral, etc.

(3) Special Interest Component. This com-ponent provides special recreational activitiesthat are of specific interest to the militarycommunity and special populations such asdependent wives’ activities, discussion groups,classes, special events, and special interest clubs.These activities may continue over a longperiod of time and appeal to soldiers, theirfamilies, and other community members.

(4) Mobile Component. This component isa delivery system which takes Army RecreationCenter Programs to personnel in remote areassuch as units on field maneuvers, isolated workor housing areas without recreational facilities,and off-post sites. Recmobiles and vehicleswhich house the mobile program are admin-istratively and logistically supported only fromMain Recreation Centers.

While certain activities are standard features ofone of the previously mentioned components(for instance, a dance is a Regular componentand chess club would be a Special Interestcomponent), the Recreation Center Program isflexible in that one component may becomeinvolved with another (for example, the chessclub may sponsor a chess night and social whichwould be part of the Regular component). Thedesign implication of this is the requirementthat the Center be planned to house a group ofinterrelated components which have a widerange of activities rather than a group ofindependent and separate components. Tomore fully understand these interrelationships,each of the components can be described alongfive dimensions which describe the purpose ofthe activities,

d. PROGRAM DIMENSIONS. One objective ofthe Recreation Center Program is to createopportunities for expanded individual andcommunity social awareness and growth. ThisProgram must respond to the military commu-nity’s recreational needs by planning, execut-ing, and evaluating activities that involve thepatrons in the following dimensions:

(1) Social, by encouraging interpersonalrelations and interaction;

(2) Cultural, by developing an awarenessand appreciation of different heritages andcivilizations;

(3) Educational, by providing instruction innew skills and abilities and developing knownskills;

(4) Amusive, by providing enjoyment andrelaxation; and

(5) Service, by providing service to individ-uals, the community, special populations, etc.

The matrices in Tables 2-1 and 2 demonstratehow a chess tournament and a theme program,“2001 . . . Days of Future Passed,” can involvethe Center’s patrons in each of the componentsand along each of these dimensions.

Another objective of the Recreation CenterProgram is to respond immediately to thecommunity’s needs by initiating activities assoon as an interest is expressed; as soon as theinterest diminishes, that specific activity isdropped. To meet this need, the Program ischaracterized by a great deal of spontaneitywithin the framework of the components anddimensions.

In order to support the large degree offlexibility required in the social programmingof the Center’s activities, the design shouldincorporate a wide range of spatial configura-tions in which a variety of activities can occur.These spaces should be planned and designedaccording to the needs of the Programcomponents in relation to the full range ofProgram dimensions rather than establishingseparate spaces for each component related to asingle dimension.

To be successful, the design of these spacesmust specifically support the range of activitiesthat will take place within it; incompatible

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Table 2-1. Activity Matrix for Game Example.

Specific Activity:

CHESS TOURNAMENT DIMENSIONS

CULTURAL

display hand-made chesssets

EDUCATIONAL AMUSIVE SERVICESOCIAL

speaker: benefits ofREGULAR tournamentawards ceremony

exhibition foron-lookingpatrons

nat’l/internat’lcompetition

teaching hospitalpatients how toplay

chess clubmeetings

Russianinfluence ongame strategy

tour museums/exhibits ofchess sets

classes to improve playing chessskills

tour arrange-ments for localtournaments

tour & lecture onchess strategy

tour state deaf &blind schl/teachchildren how toplay

arrange intra-unitchess tournament

catering arrange-ments for awardsbanquet

conduct minichess tourna-ments

arrange for clubmembers to teachwives how toplay

provide roundrobin exhibi-tions to NCOclubs

MOBILE game & tour-namentparticipation

teach basic skillsto inner-cityresidents

Table 2-2. Activity Matrix for Theme Program Example.

Specific Activity:

2001 . . . DAYS OF FUTURE PASSEDDIMENSIONS

CULTURAL

program areadecor reflectingadvancing tech-nology

EDUCATIONAL

film and discussiongroup: “FutureShock”

AMUSIVESOCIAL SERVICE

invite partic-ipation by USOand local colleges

REGULAR dance WIfuturistictheme

electronicgames offuture

space travel exhibitsscience fictionclub

sewing clubexploring futurefashion trends

multi-mediapresentations tolocal colleges

disseminate informa-tion to community

tour participa-tion

tour planetar-ium & museum

arrange space-age exhibitions

arrange transporta-tion for guests

arrange refreshmentsfor mobile units’programs

arrange refresh-ments duringprogram

mini-fashionshow by sewingclub

film/discussiongroup: “FutureShock”

use mobile unit toadvertise programscommunity-wide

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activities should be housed in separate spaces.

e. ACTIVITIES. The activities that take placewithin Recreation Centers can be classified asbelonging to one of five major categories:administrative, large group, small group, re-freshment, and transition. These activityclassifications can be described in terms offunction, number of participants, and fre-quency and duration of occurrence. Sincechanges in the using population will affect aCenter’s recreation programs, each Centershould be flexibly planned so that differentactivities may be included if the local programschange.

(1) Administrative Activities. These activ-ities consist primarily of control (the distribu-tion of equipment, dissemination of informa-tion, and security); administration (paper work,consultation, and planning); ITT, (consultation,travel arrangements, paper work, and distribu-tion of tickets); and in large RecreationCenters, special interest (planning, consultation,and paper work). Administrative activitiesoccur daily during the total period of operationand involve 2-5 people, usually only the staff,either full-time, part-time, or volunteers.

(2) Large Group Activities. These recrea-tional activities may include informal presenta-tions, dances, films, important TV events,bingo, exhibitions, etc. ‘These are plannedevents with organized control with a group sizevarying from 200 to 500 people. There may beas few as one event per week or as many as oneor two per night. Large group activities of anon-recreational nature may include blood-mobiles, briefings, seminars, commander’s calls,and the like. These activities usually occurduring the duty day.

(3) Small Group Activities. These may bespontaneously generated activities such as TVviewing, record and tape listening, games,reading, writing, and conversing, as well asactivities planned and executed by staffmembers, such as discussion groups, classes, etc.Group sizes can vary considerably from 1 to 4for reading and record listening; up to 30 forcard and game playing, hobbies, combopractice, meetings and small group programs;and up to 50 for special interest programs, TV

viewing, billiards, and pingpong. All these

activities may occur daily with varying groupsizes. Small group activities of a non-recrea-tional nature may include meetings, smallclasses, discussion groups, etc. and usuallyoccur during the duty day.

(4) Refreshment Activities. These activitiesoccur in all Centers but their nature variesaccording to size and location of the facility.These activities are normally under the controlof Army and Air Force Exchange Services(AAFES). In smaller Centers, these Exchangeactivities consist only of vending services; inlarger Centers, food is prepared and served aswell as consumed. Other refreshment activitiesprovided by Recreation Center staff occurduring dances, festivals, and unit parties. Also,refreshments may be served during meetingsand special interest programs.

(5) Transition Activities. These involveentering, circulating through, and leaving theCenter. Although these activities are individ-ually generated and occur spontaneously, theyare extremely important in planning anddesigning the Center to achieve its maximumeffectiveness. To increase patrons’ participationin and awareness of the Center’s manyactivities, the patron should be able to observe,interact with participants, and become inter-ested and involved in these activities whilemoving through the Center. The transitionalactivities serve to integrate the other activitieswith circulation into a unified program.

f. HOURS OF OPERATION. Hours of opera-tion are normally when the majority of troopsare off-duty, such as week nights, weekends,and holidays. This, however, will vary accordingto the unit’s mission. The Centers may be openat other times for participation by non-militaryusers and at posts where there is considerablenight duty, if scheduling of the staff andresources permit.

g. USERS. The Recreation Center serves bothenlisted personnel and other members of themilitary community including their families,DA civilian employees and retired militarypersonnel. However, priority consideration is tobe given to enlisted personnel and their bonafide guests.

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h. STAFF. Typical requirements for civilian Table 2-4. Authorized Space Criteria Related tostaff may vary from Center to Center. The Enlisted Strength.Center’s staff is usually minimal in terms of thesize of the Center and the number of Total Enlisted Strength Gross Square Footageparticipants. It is therefore necessary to locatethe administrative area centrally to provide thenecessary control of the Center and to havemaximum contact with the users. Additionalstaff, either volunteers, part-time employees, ormilitary personnelvarious programs.

501-20002001-40004001-50005001+

Table 2-3. Civilian Staff Requirements.

Personnel

Center DirectorProgram DirectorITT DirectorSpecial Interest

DirectorNCOIC

12,700 19,800SF SF

Center Center

27,800SF

Center

x xx x

x

xx

xxx

xx

2-2 PLANNING THE ARMY RECREATIONCENTER

a. GENERAL. Before a Recreation Center canbe planned, the Center’s personnel and patronsmust analyze their needs. From this analysis asuitable environment can be determined whichis supportive of both the Center’s programs andthe users’ activities. This planning analysis mustbe accomplished at a local level. The aspects ofthe analysis which are pertinent to the spaceplanning and design of the Recreation Centershould be recorded in the Functional Descrip-tion of Project Development Brochure, Part 1(TM 5-800-3) as detailed in 2-2c.

b. PLANNING FACTORS.

(1) Typical Gross Areas. This guide pre-sents typical spatial requirements to meetDepartment of Defense space allowances asoutlined in DOD 4270.1-M, ConstructionCriteria Manual.

12,700 SF19,800 SF27,800 SF

Provide additionalBranch Centers

may be used to direct

These allowances represent gross areas (net plus25%) which include space for functionalrequirements, structure, circulation and build-ing service facilities. They do not includemechanical equipment space for heating and airconditioning.

(2) Local Conditions. Factors such astenure of the installation, military populationto be served, accessibiIity and capabilities ofnearby communities to provide recreation,climatic conditions that affect recreationalactivities, and the impact on the morale of thetroops must all be considered.

The using population and nearby recreationresources in surrounding civilian communitiesmust also be analyzed; these are “local”conditions which affect planning.

(a) Significant differences in recreationalplanning are generated by the range of unitmissions. An example of this is the distinctionbetween trainees and permanent party person-nel. The two groups demonstrate wide differ-ences in age, maturity and commitment whichaffect their use of the Recreation Center. Thetrainee, away from home for the first time, hasa tendency to be undisciplined in leisure, hasfew responsibilities beyond the requirements ofbasic training, and is comparatively restricted tothe installation. In addition, training schedulesoften tend to restrict the use of RecreationCenters to weekends. Permanent party people,on the other hand, have their own transporta-tion and more free time, and therefore tend toleave the base on weekends (especialIy if it islocated near an urban center or touristfacilities), using the Recreation Center prima-rily during the week.

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(b) The Recreation Center serves allmembers of the military community; variouspopulation groups will have different leisureneeds. Depending on the population profile ofthe installation, the Center may be totallyoriented toward the single person or stronglyfamily oriented to include programs fordependent and retired personnel; all mustaccommodate a diversity of activities thatappeal to various groups of people.

(c) The presence or lack of recreationalactivities in nearby civilian communities affectsthe planning of Army Recreation Centers. Inthe former instance, it may either draw peopleaway from the Center or increase participationin special interest activities, such as skiing; inthe latter instance it will increase the soldier’sdependence on the Center to provide leisureprograms.

(d) The geographic location of an instal-lation will affect the nature of the programsoffered, especially if it is located near a largeurban area; this tends to orient a Center towardweek night activities.

(3) Local Programs. Another factor thatshould be considered in planning the Recrea-tion Center is the type and variety of programsthat occur there, as well as the number ofparticipants in these activities. If a Center holdsa few large group activities, it may be advisableto plan the Center with a group of multi-purpose spaces that can be opened into a largerspace when required. The popularity of aparticular activity may require that its space beenlarged. Therefore, the planning should evolvearound the recreation program of that partic-ular installation. However, this does not meanthat new programs should not be considered orthat the recreation program will remain thesame and not change.

(4) Flexibility. Each facility should beplanned to allow considerable flexibility inmeeting the changing leisure needs of thesoldiers. Needs change as tastes and preferenceschange (e.g., dancing style); as new programsare made available (ITT); and as technologicaladvances are made (e.g., electronic games, rearprojection TV). Although not alI changes canbe predicted, a successful facility should be

responsive to innovation and supportive of theon-going activities rather than feature staticallypredetermined spaces and featureless non-determined multipurpose space.

c . DETERMINING FUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS

(1) General. In accordance with AR 415-20,the local using service is responsible forcompleting the Project Development BrochurePart 1 (PDB-I). In order that the local needs arecommunicated to the designers, the plannersshould develop an outline for inclusion in PDBwhich addresses the five factors listed below;the purpose of this is to modify or supplementthe design guidance herein rather than duplicat-ing it.

(a) General orientation of the localprogram which is a description of what is to beaccomplished by the local recreation program.This orientation should be in the form ofproblem statements or issues which are believedto have significant impact on the design of thefacility.

(b) Description of recreation programsand services that are offered at the Center andpotential future programs.

(c) Description of activities that wiIItake place in the Center including how manypeople are involved (minimum number, averagenumber, maximum number); how often theactivities occur; how long they last; whatequipment and furniture are required; wherethe activities normally occur; what specialfeatures are required to support the activities.All of this description should be related tospecific issues defined in the general orienta-tion.

(d) Description of the relationshipsbetween activities, such as which activities canhappen in the same space; which activitiesinterfere with others and should be separated;what the requirements for visual control are.

(e) Establishment of priorities shouldbe developed at this point, since it is likely thatthe proposed recreation program cannot beachieved within the economic and constructionparameters of the project; the using agencyshould develop priorities for each activity that

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is to be housed, based on the necessity ofinclusion.

(2) Individual Space Criteria Review. Afterthe activities have been systematically de-scribed, the individual space criteria (Chapter 4)should be consulted to determine the project’ssize and design considerations. If local programneeds are not met by these standards, they canbe modified to tailor the program to meet localneeds,

(a) If changes in sizes of spaces arerequired, new sizes can be determined from theunit space allocations that are noted under eacharea.

(b) Changes in equipment can be notedas to the new equipment required.

(c) Changes in design considerations canbe developed by a diagrammatic or verbaldescription.

(3) Spatial Organization Review. Spatialorganization requirements are described inChapter 5. The using agency should review thematrix in thischapter to determine adjacencyor spatial affinity requirements. If localconditions differ, these should be noted. Nextthe using agency should review the diagrams inChapter 5 and the schematic spatial arrange-ment diagrams in Chapter 6 to determine whichpattern meets their needs most closely. Fromthis, a spatial arrangement diagram can bedeveloped or identified specifically in responseto local conditions.

(4) Project Development Brochure. To filIout the functional requirements part of PDB-1,the using agency should use the itemsdelineated under paragraph 2-2c(1) as the“Functional Description of the Facility.”Technical information required to complete the“Functional Criteria” part can be found in the

appropriate chapters of this guide. The spatialarrangement diagram would suffice as therequired floor plan to demonstrate functionalflow. Assistance, if required, may be obtainedthrough the District Engineers Offices.

2-3 SELECTING THE SITE

a. LOCATION.

(1) General. Since there are significant

functional differences between Main RecreationCenters and Branch Centers, site selectioncriteria differ accordingly. However, the pri-mary requirement for each Center is theproximity to the users.

(2) Main Recreation Centers. Because theMain Recreation Centers serve the marriedpersonnel and their dependents, DA employees,and retired personnel, as well as single enlistedpersonnel, the primary consideration for sitingMain Recreation Centers is proximity to otherleisure activities which can attract participants,lend specialized support, and help develop acomplex of facilities for the military commu-nity. These leisure facilities, including the postexchange, motion picture theater, GEDCenter, and other recreational facilities, shouldbe grouped together in an area equallyaccessible to everyone on the installation andbe on a main thoroughfare.

Diagrammatic land use plan showing housing forofficers, N. C. O.’s, and enlisted personnel in relationto supporting facilities and the installation coreconsisting of the Administrative Center, the MedicalCenter, and Community Leisure Facilities, whichinclude the Main Post Recreation Center.

Figure 2-1 Diagrammatic Installation Land Use

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(3) Branch Recreation Centers. BranchCenters are specifically oriented toward singleenlisted personnel. Therefore, these Centersshould be integrated with troop housing.Depending on the physical layout of theinstallation, it may be more desirable to havetwo small Branch Centers rather than one largeMain Center. Since Recreation Services activ-ities are not incorporated in the brigadebachelor housing complexes and it is reasonableto expect to be able to walk to these facilities,they should be grouped together with otherleisure and unit activities, enabling a person todo several things on a single trip. Groupingthese activities together also allows them to bemutually supportive. The relationship betweenthe Recreation Center and enlisted personnel isbest when one Branch Recreation Center, sitedwith other Recreation Services activities, servesa two brigade area. This allows people theirchoice of relaxing with people from their ownunit or from another.

(4) Circulation Systems. The sites for bothMain and Branch Centers should be visuallyprominent from the vehicular and pedestrianmovement system.

b. UTILITY REQUIREMENTS. To be ade-quate, the site must have utility capacityequivalent to those listed in Table 2-5. Therewill be variations in requirements because ofclimatic factors and the final design of thebuilding.

Table 2-5. Required Site Utility Examples.

1 2 , 7 0 0 1 9 , 8 0 0SF SF

Utilities Center Center

Electric (kw)* 163 259Water (gal/day) 2,500 3,960Sewage (gal/day) 1,875 3,000Heating (central)plant MBTU 700 1,070(0°F DB outsidetemp. (design condition)

*lf there is no airconditioning, deduct(kw) 75 120

95° F DB and 78° FWB outside temp. (design condition)

27,800SF

Center

3805,5604,125

1,500

160

c. SIZE AND SHAPE OF SITE. The shape ofthe site should be compact to assure anefficient, economic and attractive buildinglayout and should be in one piece, undivided bythrough-traffic lanes. The topography of thesite should provide good natural drainage andrequire minimum cost to develop.

Table 2-6. Site Acreage Requirements.

12,700 SF 19,800 SF 27,800 SF

Minimum Centers Centers Centers

Size of Site: 2.0 acres 2.75 acres 3.25 acres

d. MASTER PLANNING. Site selection shall bein accordance with the approved installationMaster Plan. The arrangement of facilities onthe site should be integrated with otherbuildings and site conditions. Existing trafficpatterns and capacities should be investigatedso that the new facility can be located withoutcausing undue congestion.

e. SITE IMPROVEMENTS. After the site hasbeen selected, an analysis of improvementsrequired to make the site usable for aRecreation Center must be made so that costestimates may be developed. To assist the usingagency in developing requirements and costestimates, the local Facilities Engineer Officeshould be contacted to provide professionalassistance. The analysis must include all sitework and encompass the following:

●

●

●

●

Extension of all utilities, electric, water, gas,sewers, to the building.

Construction of sidewalks, curbs, and gutters.

Landscape improvements including clearing,grading, and planting.

Construction of outdoor terraces, parkingareas, walks, and paving.

The analysis should be documented in theProject Development Brochure and the costsshould be the basis for costs shown on theMilitary Construction Project Data Form (DDForm 1391 ). To insure that adequate funds areappropriated, this analysis must consider allaspects of site improvements, especially land-scaping and construction, so that an attractiveand usable Center is designed.

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Design Considerations – January 1976

CHAPTER 3DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

3-1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES

All design aspects should be studied withrespect to economics, functional requirements,and local conditions, but particular emphasisshould be placed on architectural design,especially the interior and exterior attractive-ness of the facility. Measures taken to meetdesign objectives should be documented in theDesign Analysis prepared in accordance withER 1110-345-700.

a. DESIGN QUALITY. Excellence of architec-ture is the primary design objective, for theRecreation Center’s atmosphere will determineits usefulness as a place for relaxation. Thedesign should be informal, open, contemporary,and comfortable; it should promote sponta-neous social interaction, permit a number ofactivities to take place simultaneously, andexpress the nature of the activities taking place.

b. FUNCTION. The second design objective isto provide a functional facility that meets therequirements of the installation’s RecreationCenter program. The design should be flexibleto accommodate changes in recreation pro-grams, activities, and the community’s attitudesabout recreation needs.

c. ECONOMY. The third objective is toprovide an effective facility at the mosteconomical cost and least adverse environmen-tal impact, To do so, the design must bedetermined by studies that use cost, values, andfunctional and social benefits to analyzeengineering, economic and environmental deci-sions. These studies should also investigate theuse of local skills, stock products, and newmaterials and techniques to reduce costs.Life-cycle cost analyses should appraise initialcosts, operating and maintenance expenses, andreplacement costs over the life span of theRecreation Center.

3-2 DESIGNING THE SITE

Site planning and design must be accomplished

in accordance with the approved General SitePlan and applicable portions of DOD Manual4270.1-M, TM 5-822-2 and 3, TM 5-830-1 andthe completed Project Development Brochurefor the individual project. Site analysis willprovide the bases for decisions about buildingorientation, building configuration, and land-scape design.

a. SITE ANALYSIS. A thorough examinationof site conditions is required for concept andfinal design development and should includethe following types of information:

(1) Climate data: temperature, precipita-tion, prevailing winds, humidity, solar orienta-tion and micro-climatic factors of the sitewhich modify climate patterns such as theeffect of topography and structure on windpatterns.

(2) Topographic information: contours,water table, drainage channels, natural features.

(3) Soil data: underlying and visible geolog-ical features, soil analyses.

(4) Ecological description: type, location,and condition of trees and vegetation, cover,local ecological factors such as polIutionsources,

(5) Man-made features of surrounding area:location, size and scale of buildings, utilitylines, road patterns, pedestrian paths.

(6) Visual and aesthetic factors: views,outstanding natural features, sounds, andmovement.

b. BUILDING ORIENTATION. Based on thesite analysis and master plan, the building mustbe oriented on the site to conserve energy,protect the environment, capitalize on naturalbeauty, function with street patterns, move-ment systems, surrounding buildings, and beaesthetically pleasing.

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(1) Energy Conservation. The pr imaryconsideration for building orientation on thesite must be the conservation of energy andincreased comfort of both outdoor and indoorrecreation areas. The effects of orientation onenergy conservation are more fully explained inparagraph 3-5a.

(2) Surrounding Site Elements. The nextconsideration is to capitalize on attractivesurroundings and views by orienting thebuilding toward them. Also, its physicalrelationships to other facilities and movementsystems should enhance its effectiveness bydrawing people toward it, making it part of aunified community center.

(a) Topography can determine suitabil-ity for building locations, parking areas,outdoor facilities, and paths. The design shouldrequire a minimum of grading, preserve the

natural character of the site, and take intoconsideration the natural drainage system.

(b) Trees, outcropping of rocks,

ground forms, and water should be incor-porated into the site design. This preserves thenatural beauty of the site and installation aswell as enhances the design quality of theCenter.

(c) On-site vehicular and pedestrianmovement must be considered as part of thetotal circulation system of the installation. Theobjectives of pedestrian movement are safety(by reducing pedestrian-vehicular conflicts),convenience of walking to the Center, continuitywith other paths, comfort and ease of walking,and attractiveness. The objectives of vehicularmovement are safety of ingress and egress fromthe site, the prevention of congestion oninstallation roads, and ease of parking, service,and fire protection.

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c. LANDSCAPE DESIGN,

(1) Functionsl Areas. The site should bedeveloped to provide outdoor relaxation andhave appropriate landscape planting thatdefines and enhances areas and activities. Astepped terrace (like a small amphitheater),seating areas for various size groups, an area fortables and barbecue, and a covered terraceshould be provided. An outdoor game areashould be developed a safe distance from thebuilding for croquet, shuffleboard, pick-upvolley ball and horseshoes.

(2) Planting. Planting design will considerselection of plant materials which will bereadily obtainable, easily maintained andcompatible with the surrounding environment.Sizes of plants should be adequate to give someimmediate effect. Landscape planting plans willbe prepared. These plans will be executed aspart of the base bid.

(3) Grading. Over lot grading will beestablished to provide positive drainage at aminimum 2% grade. Normally a 5% grade for10 feet will be provided away from thebuilding. Road alignment and overall gradingwill be designed for optimum preservation ofexisting ground forms, drainage patterns andtree cover to avoid excessive earth movementconsistent with functional requirements.

(4) Site Plan Requirements. Site plans mustshow, as a minimum, floor elevations, existingand finished grades, existing and proposedbuildings, roads, parking and utilities in theimmediate project vicinity, outside utilityconnections, existing vegetation, proposedlawns and planting masses, and solar orienta-tion.

(5) Utility and Service Features. Placementof exterior utility and service features thatmight detract from the over-ail appearance of

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the facility should be held to an absolute perception of the many activities taking place

minimum. Where conditions dictate placement simultaneously, the space normally used for

of the service items in exposed locations, circulation should be treated as transitional

effective screening should be employed. space, from which activities can be observed

3-3 DESIGNlNG THE BUILDING

a . A R C H I T E C T U R A L C H A R A C T E R . T h eCenter’s image of informality can be conveyedby a variety of unstructured open spaces inwhich spontaneous activities can occur andthrough which organized group activities can beviewed. Long narrow corridors, static and fixedspaces, and institutional color schemes shouldbe avoided in both the architectural andinterior design schemes. The Center’s physicaldesign should have a dynamic, contemporaryaesthetic to complement the Center’s primaryuser, the young, single enlisted man.

b. FUNCTION. Functionally, the design mustincrease the users’ awareness of the activitiestaking place in order to involve them in newleisure pursuits; develop flexible space arrange-ments to support a variety of activities andgroup sizes; promote social interaction amongthe users; and establish a coherent plan whichenables the user to circulate freely throughoutthe building.

(1) Transition. To increase the users’

while moving through the Center . Thistransitional space should be designed withsmall, open lounges which would enableinformal groups to form while waiting forevents to start or rooms to be free.

(2) Acoustical Zones. Because many recrea-tional activities are acoustically incompatible,they must not be located adjacent to eachother. The establishment of a hierarchy ofnoise-generating activities will lead to thedevelopment of physical separation require-ments. The activities that generate a low levelof sound (card playing, conversing, TV viewing)should be housed in totally or partially openspaces. Meetings, hobbies, refreshment, andlarge group events all produce a moderate levelof sound and require a moderate deqree ofseparation from other activities; they shouldhave enclosed spaces with no special acousticaltreatment. Music practice, pingpong, electricgames, and billiards all generate a considerableamount of sound. These should be separatedfrom quiet areas and placed in enclosed spacewith acoustical treatment.

High Separation Low Separation Moderate Separation

Figure 3-4 Acoustical Zones

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Transitional Lounge Fireplace Lounge Small Group Area Stepped Area

Figure 3-5 Adaptability of Large Group Activity Area

(3) Adaptability. The th i rd funct ionalconsideration is that the facility be adaptable.For example, the large group area may nothouse large group activities on a daily basis; itmust be adaptable for small group activity use.The space should be divided into a series ofinterrelated smaller spaces through the use oflevel changes, half-height partitions, droppedceiling panels, focused lighting, and loungealcoves. The stepped-down design also developsbetter sight lines to the platform during largegroup presentations.

(4) Space Use. Because there are a numberof activities which involve the same group sizebut require different design considerations,overlapping space usage should be based notonly on similar group size but also on similaractivity requirements.

c. LOCALE FACTORS. Two major locationalconcerns affect the building design — theimmediate site surroundings and the regionallocation of the installation. The RecreationCenter design should complement the scale,materials, and configurations of its neighboring

buildings, while remaining unique and contem-porary. The design should reflect the physical/cultural traditions of the installation’s geo-graphic location. Consideration of buildingform, configuration, roof slopes, and construc-tion materials will not only aid in developingthe Center’s aesthetic character; it will also aidin conserving energy, since many buildingtraditions are based on controlling the climatewithout mechanical means.

d. TECHNOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

(1) Design Coordination. The RecreationCenter’s prime technological concern is theconstruction of an economical, well-built, andattractive building. There must be, however,coordination between the building’s technologyand the design which supports its functions. Anumber of design factors will influence theengineering system design. The structural designmust unify both long span and short span

systems, occurring over large group and smallgroup spaces respectively. If exposed structuralmembers are part of the design, they must becoordinated into the design to provide a

Figure 3-6 Coordination of Exposed Structural Members

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Figure 3-7 integration of Mechanical and ElectricalSystems with Architectural Design

pleasing appearance. Although the open plan-ning of the facility permits flexibility in themechanical system, it must be developed withthe lighting and structural system into a unifiedfeature of the design composition. Considera-tion should be given to the use of standardizedconstruction and mechanical systems such aspre-engineered structural components and pre-fabricated plumbing systems to economize onconstruction costs. All technological decisionsshould be influenced by cost-effectiveness,availability of materials and equipment, laborconditions, and suitability for the climate.

(2) Structural Systems.

(a) Design Loads. Structural designloads and criteria will be in accordance withChapter 6 of DOD 4270.1-M and TM 5-809-1to 6 and TM 5-809-8, 9 and 11 as applicable.Seismic design shall be in accordance with TM5-809-10. The design analysis will be preparedin accordance with ER 1110-345-700.

(b) Costs. The structural system andfeatures selected for construction drawings wilIbe that system which is the most economicaland suitable based on comparative cost studiesfor the building involved. Comparative coststudies wilI be made for the three mostapparent competitive systems and will take intoaccount mechanical, electrical and otherfeatures where they vary between systemsunder study.

(3) Plumbing System.

(a) Plumbing will be in accordance withTM 5-810-5 and DOD 4270.1-M. Specificationswill be in accordance with the CE 300 series.

(b) Gas fittings as required will be inaccordance with TM 5-810-6.

(c) Water supply facilities as prescribedin TM 5-813-5 and TM 5-813-6 wi l l beprovided. The specifications shall be inaccordance with CE 500 and CE 501.

(d) Sanitary sewers shall be as pre-scribed in TM 5-814-1 and the specificationswill be based on CE 500 and CE 600.01.

(4) Mechanical System.

(a) Heating, ventilating, and air condi-tioning (HVAC) will conform to the applicableportions of DOD 4270.1-M and TM 5-810-1.Heating and air conditioning load calculationswill be in accordance with the procedures ofthe latest ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamen-tals. The “U” values for exterior walls, ceilingsand floors will be in accordance with DOD4270.1-M.

(b) In the design of the HVAC system,variable air volume, multi-zone, dual duct,terminal reheat, a combination of the systemsand any other suitable systems in the currentASH RAE Handbooks will be considered.Within the design scope and environmentalconditions required for various spaces, a lifecycle cost study and an energy analysis will bemade and the least energy intensive system willbe selected. Results of the studies and reasonsfor rejection or selection of systems consideredwill be included in the design analysis. Energy

Figure 3-8 Diagrammatic Bioclimate Chart

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recovery systems shall be investigated and willbe incorporated if economical, based on lifecycle cost study. The HVAC system shall beprovided with automatic controls so that thesystem can be operated to conserve energy.

(c) Energy conservation measures willbe in accordance with paragraph 3-5, Designingfor Energy Conservation.

(d) Specifications will be in accordancewith the CE 301 series.

(e) Proposed mechanical systems willbe coordinated with the design of the firesafety system, and with the desired ceilingheights and other features of the architecturaldesign.

(f) Air duct systems will be designed tominimize sound transfer through ducts, andfloor installation of grills will not be permitted.

(g) Placement of exterior mechanicalelements should be avoided so as not to detractfrom the overall appearance of the building.Where conditions dictate the placement ofmechanical equipment in exposed areas, effec-tive screening should be employed.

(4) Electrical Systems.

(a) Light levels specified in Chapter 4are based upon minimum IES standards andanalysis of the activities within the space.

(b) Electrical design will conform toDOD 4270.1-M and TM 5-811-1 through 4.

(c) Electrical symbols will conform toMlL STD 15-3.

(d) Specifications will be in accordance

Lighting levels for tasks should be brighter than back-ground which in turn should be brighter than generalsurroundings and circulation space.

Figure 3-9 Variety of Light Levels

with the CE 303 series.

(e) To assure adequate primary capac-ity, a survey will be made on the existingprimary distribution system which will servethis project.

(f) Primary electric service will beunderground from the nearest pole or manholeto a pad mounted transformer(s) locatedoutdoors as close to the load centers aspracticable. Secondary electric service fromtransformer(s) will be underground. Service anddistribution equipment will be of the circuitbreaker or fusible switch type, and branchcircuit panelboards will be of the circuitbreaker type.

(g) System characteristics will be select-ed to provide for the most efficient andeconomical distribution of energy in accord-ance with Chapter 7, DOD 4270.1-M.

(h) Relamping facilities and accessibilityof electrical equipment shall be considered inall designs. Provisions for adjustment and/orrelamping of light fixtures which are not readilyaccessible shall be coordinated with thearchitectural design. Included in the designanalysis is a determination of whether suitablemaintenance facilities are available on-base andtheir identification. If suitable means are notavailable, an appropriate and economical meanswill be selected in coordination with the usingservice.

(i) Enclosed multipurpose spaces, spe-cial interest rooms, central program area,platform, pantry, and AAFES food serviceareas all have special power requirementsnecessary to support large music amplifiers,popcorn machines, appliances. etc. Theserequirements will be coordinated with the usingservice to insure adequate power to supportunique Recreation Center program require-ments.

(j) Electrical service will be provided tooutdoor terrace areas for use in a variety ofoutside activities related to the Center. Specialrequirements for outdoor power wi l l becoordinated with the using service. Exteriorweatherproof outlets will be supplied frombranch circuits having ground fault circuitprotection.

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(k) Illuminated exit signs and emer-gency lights will be provided for all emergencyexits and passageways as required by the NFPALife Safety Code No. 101.

(5) Communications Systems.

(a) The project design analysis mustdescribe the communications systems require-ments to include a statement reflectingcoordination of such requirements with thelocal communications-electronics officer.

(b) A central program distributionsystem will be provided and will be designed toaccommodate multichannel programming viatape and record media. The system will becomplete with all required speakers, outlets,amplifiers and wiring, except that recordturntables, tape machines, tapes and recordswill be provided by the using agency. Specificelectrical requirements and equipment locationrequirements for turntables and tape machineswill be coordinated with the using agencyrepresentative.

(c) An intercommunication system willbe provided consisting of a master station in thecontrol center capable of selective pagingthrough individual loudspeakers in admin-istrative off ices, smalI group activity areas,special interest rooms, outdoor terraces andcentral program area. The master station willhave volume controls, an input and output, andan all-call feature. Speakers will be of theflush-mounted type.

(d) A complete television antennasystem will be provided. TV outlets will belocated adjacent to convenience receptacles,both flush-mounted in the walls approximatelysix inches below the ceiling lines. Provisions willbe made in the design for either wall or ceilingmounting of using-agency-furnished receivers,out of reach of patrons. TV outlets wiII beprovided in all TV rooms and small groupactivity areas as well as the platform andfireplace lounge.

(e) One telephone outlet will be provid-ed in each administrative work area and twooutlets will be provided at the ITT desk and atthe control desk. Outlets will also be providedin areas reserved for public telephones. Outletsand empty telephone raceway systems includ-

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ing terminal cabinets will be provided incoordination with the local communication-electronics officer.

(f) Main telephone terminal cabinetswill be in mechanical or electrical equipmentrooms. Building telephone service will beunderground.

(6) Fire Protection Systems.

(a) Fire protection wiII be as prescribedi n D O D 4 2 7 0 . 1 - M , T M 5 - 8 1 2 - 1 a n d T M5-813-6. Specifications for the fire alarm andevacuation signal systems shall be in accordancewith applicable portions of CE 710.03. Forcritical areas requiring sprinklers, the systemspecifications shall comply with CE 700.

(b) The project design analysis mustdescribe the fire safety system including the fireand/or smoke detection system, fire alarm andevacuation signal systems, and proposed fireresistance ratings for principal structural mem-bers. The analysis shall also reflect coordinationof the fire safety system with the mechanicalsystems proposed for the project, Floor planswill be furnished with the analysis to show linesof measurement indicating the maximumdistance from major activity areas to exit(s).

DESIGNING THE INTERIORS

a. GENERAL. Interior design features shall becoordinated with the architectural design as anoverall scheme, whether they are furnished andinstalled as part of the construction contract orprovided later by the using service. Graphicdesign and signage will be included as part ofthe overall interior design to identify activitiesand facilitate the Center’s effectiveness.Requirements shall be coordinated with theusing service and the installation.

(1) Cost. The cost of all items of equipmentand furnishings which are permanently built-inor attached to the structure, as defined in AR415-17, are normally considered part of theconstruction contract. Other items which areloose, portable, or can be detached from thestructure without tools, are generally providedby the using agency under separate contract.Interior building surfaces, paint colors, floorcoverings, window coverings as required,

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graphics and signage will be specified as part of the overall design. Furniture shall be identifiedthe construction contract in coordination with for procurement by others.

Figure 3-10 Subdivision Large Group Area into Small Group Activities

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(2) Mandatory Sources. Mandatory sources one inch nosing. The nosing of each step mustfor selection and procurement of furnishings be clearly visible and not disguised by confusingare listed in the GSA Federal Supply Schedules, patterns or poor and glaring light.the Federal Prison Industries Schedule ofProducts and the General GSA Stock Catalog.Procurement by the using service from thesesources is mandatory insofar as the itemscovered meet requirements. For items not listedin the mandatory sources above but which arepart of the overall design scheme, appropriateguidance will be provided for procurement bythe using service.

(3) Drawings and Schedules. Drawings andschedules concerning items not included in theconstruction contract must be provided in aformat that can be readily issued to and beunderstood by installation personnel who areresponsible for procurement, and personnelwho are responsible for component placementand utilization after delivery. Display sheetsconsisting of placement plans, catalog illustra-

(b) The combination of built-in seatingthat defines the space and its activities withmovable furniture that is flexible will permit anendless variety of arrangements that willencourage social interaction in an informalatmosphere.

(6) Sound Control. Sound control is animportant consideration when selecting mate-rials, finishes and furnishings. Carpeting is notonly attractive; its capability to absorb soundand reduce impact noises is also the mostcost-effective means of developing the properacoustical environment. Insulation, soundabsorption panels, and acoustical ceilingsshould be considered to reduce sound transmis-sion.

b. MATERIAL AND COLOR SELECTION.

tions, material/color samples and perspective (1) Interior Finishes. Interior finishes shallsketches of typical spaces, together with be appropriate for the function of the buildingprocurement lists, source data and cost and spaces. Selection of materials should beestimates will be developed as appropriate to based on their attractiveness as well as lowaccomplish this objective. Coordination maintenance qualities considering anticipatedbetween these drawings and schedules and the use, life cycle cost impact, fire and other safety”finish schedules under the construction con- requirements.tract must be evident. (2) Color. Use of color in Army facilities is

(4) Character. The interior design must limited to a practical number selected from thecreate an atmosphere in the Center that is most Federal Standard 595A, Colors. General guid-conducive to recreation and relaxation by being ante for color selection is provided in TMinformal, colorful, cheerful, and contemporary. 5-807-7, Colors for Buildings. Colors should beBecause of constantly changing social values, used to stimulate human physical and emo-the interior design should also permit redec- tional reactions and to enhance the overalloration with minimum cost and effort. functioning of the Recreation Center. There-

(5) Adaptability. Several interior designfore the color scheme should be coordinated

features should be considered to make the with the act iv i t ies that wi l l take place,

Recreation Center as adaptable as possible.considering the number of participants, the sizeof the space, and the amount of physical

(a) The spatial division of large group activity involved. High contrasts in hue andspaces into small group areas with built-in brightness and low contrasts in saturation areseating, half-level partitions, and selective most appealing; these should be used in largechanges in level wilI encourage the use of steps group and transitional spaces. In smaller spaces,as seats, landings as stages, and half-level such as the carrels, the color schemes should bepartitions as podiums, permitting a range of unified to reduce a sense of claustrophobia.multiple uses throughout the Center. Whenever Warm colors tend to increase physical activitylevel changes are used to subdivide spaces, the and should be used in physically active areas —risers should never be higher than seven inches pingpong r dancing, etc. Cool colors are mostand the treads never less than eleven inches plus effectively used for mentally stimulating

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Figure 3-11 Use of Built-in and Movable Furniture

pursuits such as music practice, studying andmeetings.

(3) Interior Finish and Color Coordination.Finish materials must be selected in conjunc-tion with color selection. The color, texture,and pattern of materials should complementthe overall design scheme and be in characterwith the desired image of the using service andthe installation/command. Native (local) mate-rials should be used to the greatest extentpracticable. Long-life materials such as stones,tiles, woods, plastics, and vinyls should beselected to provide attractive colors, texturesand patterns that will not quickly becomeout-dated.

(4) Supergraphics. Supergraphics, while

mainly decorative, should also incorporateuseful information such as room numbers,directional indicators, Army insignia, and clubidentity. Care should be taken in their design sothat they can be effective in livening up spacesand producing interest in large rooms orcirculation spaces.

c. SIGNAGE.

(1) General. Signage requirements will bedeveloped as an overall graphics system toidentify spaces, provide directional informa-tion, and convey messages about control (nosmoking, etc.). Detailed requirements of theusing service will be coordinated at the locallevel. The system should assure maximumeconomy, ease of procurement and installation,

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and standardization of application throughoutthe Recreation Center. It should also inhibitvandalism but be flexible enough to enable theaddition or deletion of information. Thesignage system should incorporate the types ofsigns discussed below.

(a) Facility Identifier Sign. A facilityidentification sign should be located in theentry area oriented toward exterior pedestriantraffic. The sign should identify the buildingnumber and the facility. It may also indicatethe hours of Center operation. Size of letteringand the exact location of the sign should bedetermined in each individual case in relation tothe architectural design.

(b) Activity Locator Signs. A buildingactivity locator sign should be provided in aprominent place in the entry area. The locatorshould identify and locate building spaces, keyactivities and personnel. Use of a graphiclocator, such as a schematic building plan,should be considered.

(c) Identification Signs. Individualspaces should be identified either by numberand name signs or pictographs. The signs shouldbe located next to the door on the knob side.

(d) Direction Signs. Directions shouldbe provided to highly used spaces such as thesnack bar or out-of-the-way spaces.

(e) Control and Safety Signs. Messagesto control the behavior of the patrons such as“No Smoking” or “No Food Permitted” mustbe used to convey messages to patrons in afriendly but firm manner. Since symbols andpictographs cause less resentment and opposi-tion than if the message is conveyed in words,this type of sign should be used throughout theCenter. Also, the locations of exits, fireprotection and safety equipment should bestrongly emphasized.

(f) Notice Boards. Notice boards helpcontrol clutter and can readily accommodatechanging information. They should be usedthroughout the building wherever they will bemost useful. A general notice board should belocated in the entry of the Recreation Center.Smaller boards may be located next to

entrances ofto elaborateto give theinvolved.

(2) Sign Design. Symbols tend to reduce theamount of signage required and are easier toassimilate than words. The use of symbols,pictographs, and wall graphics should beconsidered instead of words. However, if theyare used, care should be taken in their design sothat the information is communicated to andunderstood by the patrons. When words areused, a legible and attractive Ietterform, such asHelvetica Medium or Clarendon should be used.Letter sizes should be appropriate for themessage and be coordinated as part of theoverall design scheme. Signs should be locatedas close to eye level as possible and beilluminated to provide adequate comprehen-sion.

d. FURNITURE. Furniture is an integral partof the overall design scheme, and will be closelycoordinated with the selection of colors andfinish materials for consistency in appearanceand quality. Detailed requirements are coveredin Chapter 4, individual Space Criteria.

(1) Durability, Comfort and Safety. Carefulattention must be given to al l inter iorfurnishings to insure that the type of furniturechosen conforms to standards of durabiIity,comfort and safety, appropriate for the usethey will receive. Being generally mobile,furniture items are subject to handling. Partsthat receive the most wear should bereplaceable, and finishes should sustain regularcleaning.

(2) Mobility and Interchangeability. Mostinterior furnishings should not be of a scalewhich would require more than two persons torelocate them, or be so complicated as torequire an undue amount of time to assembleor disassemble. Whenever possible, care shouldbe taken to choose multipurpose furnishingsaesthetically suitable for a variety of needs andactivities. Stackable and foldable furnitureshould be considered for reducing bulkiness instorage and transport where such requirementsexist.

activity areas where there is a needupon the type of activity inside ornames of participants and staff

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3-5 DESIGNING FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION

a. BUILDING ORIENTATION. To conserveenergy, the building design must be responsiveto the predominant climate, prevailing windsand sun angles.

(1) Solar Orientation. In a colder clime,reduction of heat loss is desirable; fenestrationshould concentrate on the southern exposurewith minimal northern exposure. In a warmerclime, the prevention of heat gain is desirable;this should result in maximum fenestration onthe northern exposure and minimum on thesouthern exposure.

Figure 3-12 Amount of Solar Energy

Figure 3-13 Sun’s Path during Year

Figure 3-14 Solar Shading Devices

(2) Prevailing Winds. In cold climate.entrances and glazed areas should be orientedaway from the prevailing winter winds. In warmclimates the building should be oriented toallow maximum breeze penetration.

(3) Solar Shading. Solar controls should beplanned to help achieve maximum energysavings. External shading devices are the mosteffective means of solar shading. Deciduoustrees can provide shade in summer andpenetration of sunlight in the winter; evergreenscan protect the building entrances from winterwinds.

b. BUILDING ENCLOSURE. There should bea high ratio of enclosed space to exposedbuilding surface to minimize negative outdooreffects. in a warm climate the function of thebuilding envelope is to prevent heat gain and toreflect solar heat; in a cold climate the functionis to retain heat and to absorb solar heat;therefore, building materials should be selectedaccordingly.

c. ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS. The ventila-tion system of the Recreation Centers shouldbe planned to maximize use of naturalventilation, recirculate air where possible, andminimize use of outdoor air. System designshould be based on ventilation zones andshould be calculated at a 5% design conditionrather than 1 or 2.5% weather condition.

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Calculations should be based on the occupied ever, special emphasis should be placed on thehours with people, lights, and equipment taken design of Recreation Centers to accommodateinto consideration. the physically handicapped including provisions

d. LIGHTING SYSTEMS. Lighting design for for stairs and ramps; toilet accommodations;

Recreation Centers should employ task lighting drinking fountains; telephones; counter heights;

in which specific areas are lighted according to corridor widths; entrances; and signage.

the activity being performed; uniform lightingsystems should be avoided. Natural lightingthrough the use of windows and skylightsshould be utilized to reduce dependence onelectric lights, reduce heat gain, and accom-modate the functional requirements for day-light and view. The use of dimmers should beconsidered to control the level of illuminationas well as local switching of lighting.

3-6 DESIGNING FOR THE PHYSICALLYHANDICAPPED

Since the Recreation Center is for the totalmilitary community which includes depend-ents, DA civilian employees, and retiredmiIitary personnel, the likelihood is great thatpeople who are physically handicapped will usethe Center or will be employed in the Center.Therefore, the design of the facility mustconform to Public Law 94-80 which wasenacted to insure that “certain buildingsfinanced with Federal Funds are so designedand constructed as to be accessible to “thephysically handicapped,” ER 1110-1-102,“Design for the Physically Handicapped”prescribes the necessary requirements. How-

Figure 3-15 Dimensions of Man In a Wheelchair

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers - Individual Space Criteria - January 1976

CHAPTER 4INDIVIDUAL SPACE

4-1 GENERAL

a. CONTENTS. This Chapter, which providesdetailed information necessary in planning anddesigning Recreation Centers, is divided intoseven paragraphs which correspond to the seventypes of activities that will be housed in thefacility:

b. ORGANIZATION.

(1) Activity Groups. The activity groups arepresented in order of their importance to thefunctional and spatial design of the Center. Forexample, the Transitional Area is presented firstbecause the single most important spatialconsideration is the movement of peoplethrough the Center, not only movement to adesired activity, but movement past otheractivities and other people, encouraging thebroadest possible range of participation inactivities and social interaction.

The Large Group Activities are presented nextbecause the central program area is the largestsingle space in the Center, dominating itsoverall character and housing the most diversegroup of activities.

The Small Group Activities are discussed next,and divided according to their size andrequirements for enclosure.

CRITERIA

Various categories ofpresented about eachfollowing:

information are thenspace, including the

Function, or the purpose of the space andthe activities it housesParticipants, or the characteristics of theusersSize, or the overalI area of the space and theunit areas which comprise the spaceRelationships, or the requirements forproximity to or remoteness from otheractivitiesDesign Considerations, or the importantphysical features that support the functionof the spaceTechnical Requirements, or the guidelinesfor the environmental systems design andspecify the performance requirements foreach system within ±2% tolerance. Theacustical criteria is provided to guide thedesign of the other systems rather than as arequirement for a definitive acousticalanalysis and designInterior Requirements, or the finishing of thespace

HOW THIS INFORMATION IS TO BEUSED. When planning Recreation Centers, thisChapter should be reviewed by the using serviceto develop a program suitable for localconstraints and opportunities (mission, loca-tion, staff) by supplementing the functionalrequirements to accommodate local conditions.

Supplemental requirements should be doc-umented in the Project Development Brochureand be consistent with the general requirementsof this guide.

(2) IndividuaI Spaces. Individual s p a c edescriptions within each activity group arearranged according to sequential use ofinformation in the design process, starting withgeneral information which affects planning andconceptual design issues to specific, detailedcriteria used in design development.

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4-2 TRANSITIONAL ACTIVITIES

a. CIRCULATION/LOUNGE AREAS.

(1) Function. To integrate circulation andindividual activities into a unified whole byproviding a variety of experiences that encour-age casual interaction between individuals aswell as transitory involvement and visualcontact between activities.

Transitional area activities consist of cir-culating, casually observing Center activities bystaff and patrons, casually conversing, viewingdisplays and exhibits, entering and exitingfunctional areas within the Center, storingbooks and coats in lockers, and moving heavyprogram props, musical and audio-visual equip-ment.

(2) Participants. A variable number ofindividuals and small groups of two or more.

(3) Size.OverallApproximately 15% of total floor area of theCenterLoungesAll Centers 100-150 SF

(4) Relationships. The transitional area isintegrated with all Recreation Center activitiesand provides immediate access to all areas,except to the mechanical equipment roomwhich must be entered from outside thebuilding.

Lounges should be provided and located inalcoves adjacent to circulation and betweenadjacent activity areas to encourage sponta-

Figure 4-2 Circulation/Lounge Areas

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Individual Space Criteria – January 1976

neous conversations among people meetingwhile circulating between activities.

(5) Design Considerations. Circulation pathsthrough the building must be easily understoodby the users, especially in large Centers so thatthe user can circulate without loss oforientation.

Long, straight corridor-like spaces should beavoided; widths and configurations should varyaccording to use patterns. Overflow areasshould be developed at entrances to highly usedspaces. Small lounges should be provided atthese points and equipped to be used as waitingspace, game areas, informal meeting places ormusic listening areas with headphones.

Those activities that do not require partitioningfor acoustical privacy should be left open to thetransitional area and be defined through the useof low partitions, changes in floor levels,changes in color and light intensity and built-inperimeter seating. (7)

Lounges should be integrated with the main-stream of activity and designed to limitdistractions, permit reading and music listening,and conversations.

Ramp access to all major spaces from thetransitional area is required to facilitate themovement of heavy equipment and hand-icapped personnel.

Different colors and/or textures of floormaterials should be used in conjunction withchanges in ceiling and lighting treatments tointroduce, interrupt, or reinforce movement toor from different activity areas.

(6) Technical Requirements

(a) Illumination

Level 20 ftcType directional fluorescentControl centrally from control desk;

emergency lighting

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per 50’ length

(d) H V A C

Summer 78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%

Winter 68°Air changes 6 per hour

(e) Communications

P/A 1 station per 100’Sound 1 speaker per 100’

1 headphone jack and chan-nel selector per 4’ of seatingmtd 36” above floor

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35-40Appropriate sound level 34-40 dBAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +40 dBImpact noise rating +5

(g) Critical Dimensions

60” minimum width ramps, 1’ in 12’

Interior Requirements

(a) Equipment

Ash urns, trash receptacles

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seating; informationkiosks (provided by using service)

(c) Finish Suggestions

WallsFloorsCeiling

(d) Colors

WallsFloorsCeilingsGraphics

painted drywallcarpetacoustical tile

off-whitewarm accent colorswhiteprimary accent colors

(c) Plumbing

Drinking fountains (1 mtd for physicallyhandicapped)

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4-2 TRANSITIONAL ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. ENTRY/LOBBY.

(1) Function. To provide a controlledentrance to and exit from the Center in acongenial atmosphere which welcomes thevisitor and encourages use of the Center. Also,to provide information about current activitiesand to orient the patrons to the spatialarrangement of the Center.

Entry/Lobby activities include entering andleaving the Center, casually conversing withothers, seeking information about Centeractivities, milling about after events, or waitingfor other people.

(2) Participants. Any number of individualsor smalI groups as well as large groups aftercentral program presentations and at groupmeetings.

Refreshment

Public Toilets

Vestibule

(3) Size.Overall12,700 SF Center 250 SF19,800 SF Center 400 SF27,800 SF Center 550 SF

Space/Unit 2% of total floor area

(4) Relationships. Lobby should be adjacentto and visible from the control desk and ITT.There should be easy access to AAFES snackbar and vending area or amusement center,special interest, public toilets, and telephonearea.

(5) Design Considerations. The entry shouldbe easily perceived by potential users. It shouldtherefore be prominently located on the mainfacade of the building, serving as its main visual

Entry Court

Figure 4-3 Lobby

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element. In order for it to be inviting to theusers, it should be visually open and permitsighting of a number of activities upon entering.

Because some functions may be operating whenthe remainder of the Center is closed (e.g.,AAFES snack bar or amusement center, specialinterest, ITT and public telephones), the lobbyshould be designed to permit access to theseareas and the public toilets as well as restrictentry into other areas. The use of rollingscreens mounted in the ceiling or walls andother attractive means of security which enablethe Center to be visually open and have awelcoming appearance should be employed.

To conserve energy, the entry should be locatedaway from prevailing winter winds. In coldclimates, a vestibule should be used to preventdrafts.

Built-in informal seating should be available sothat people may wait in the lobby in comfort.However, such seating should not interfere withmovement into or out of the Center.Information about the physical layout of theCenter must be provided to the visitor so thatactivities and programs may be located withoutconfusion. The following graphic devices shouldbe provided in a conspicuous and attractivemanner: facility identification sign with hoursof operation; activity location signs thatidentify activities and locate them on aschematic building plan; notice boards forfuture activities, off-post activities, and per-sonal messages; and directional signs to locatehighly used spaces as well as out-of-the-wayspaces. In addition, there should be provisionfor kiosk display area (provided by usingservice) for presenting special information.Display kiosks should accommodate rearviewprojection (super 8 mm film and 35 mm slides)and self-contained tapes.


(a) Illumination

Level 20 ftcType directional fluorescentControl centrally from control desk;

emergency lighting

(7)

Special

(c) H V A C

SummerWinter

2 per kiosk in ceiling

78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%68°

Air changes 6 per hour

(d) Communications

P/A 1 stationSound 1 speaker

1 headphone jack and chan-nel selector per 4’ of seatingmtd 36” above floor

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35-40Appropriate sound level 34-40 dBAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +40 dBImpact noise rating +5


(a) Equipment

Ash urns, trash receptacles

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seating; informationkiosks (provided by using service)


WallsFloors

Ceiling

(d) Colors

WallsFloorsCeilingsGraphics

painted drywallcarpet; rubber mat investibuleacoustical tile

off -whitewarm accent colorswhiteprimary accent colors

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per 50’ Iength

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Figure 4-4 Large Group Activities

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4-3 LARGE GROUP ACTIVITIES

a. CENTRAL PROGRAM AREA.

(1) Function. The central program areahouses the following large group activities:dance events, festivals, exhibits, game activitiessuch as bingo, informal entertainment presenta-tions, short films, and large group TV viewing.When there are no large group activitiesscheduled, small group activities can be housed:card and game playing, eating and drinking,conversing and lounging. Also, non-recreationalactivities can take place in the central programarea such as blood donation drives, command-er’s call, or graduation ceremonies.

These activities vary along three dimensions:total number of people involved; sizes of groups(can be one large group or a number of smallergroups); and focus of attention (central, as in

viewing a presentation, or diffuse, as in singleparticipation activities).

(2) Participants. Small groups include par-ticipation from one to four people (involved ingames, conversing, snacking, etc.); intermediategroups involve as many as 50 participants(viewing a special event or presentation); andlarge groups, comprised of as many as 500,whose focus may vary from that of a singlegroup watching a performance, to couplesdancing.

(3) Size.Overall12,700 SF Center 3,000 SF minimum19,800 SF Center 3,760 SF minimum27,800 SF Center 4,635 SF minimum

Terrace

Bar

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Space/Unit8 SF per participant: formal seating

12 SF per participant: table seating15 SF per participant: dancing or active

(4) Relationships. The central program areashould be encircled by compatible small groupactivity areas and should be immediatelyaccessible to the following: pantry, terrace,eating areas, the control center, toilet rooms,and the storage area for tables and chairs.

However, it should be remote or acousticallyseparated from noisy activities such as pool,pingpong, electric games, combo practice andspecial interest activities that are disruptive tothe central program area’s special functions.

Because of the large numbers of people exitingfrom the central program area at one time, thetransitional area at the central program areashould form a lobby-lounge where people canmill about before going to another activity orleaving the facility.

(5) Design Considerations. The configura-tion of the central program area should allowoverlap with other activity areas such ascirculation, lounges, eating, small group activityrooms, platform and terrace. A variety ofobservation and entrance experiences should becreated by the areas which overlook and projectinto the central program area. These activitiesshould be exposed through the use of windowopenings, cutouts and railings in place of wallswhenever a solid wall is not required for privacyor acoustical control. In addition, a fireplacelounge should be provided which is open to thecentral program area.

The central program area should be developedwith several potential focal points in additionto a presentation platform; there should be acentral, large area for demonstrations andexhibits. The seating areas should be orientedtowards these foci.

The interior of the central program area shouldbe as flexible as possible in order toaccommodate the many activities taking placeand the variable group size of the participants.No one area should be limited by function; forinstance, the seating area should be flexible

Figure 4-6 Central Program Area Alternative Use Plans

enough to allow activities other than largegroup viewing of a presentation.

Spatial variety should be developed through theuse of stairs, half level partitions, changes infloor level and ceiling height, mezzanines (whenpractical). Ramps are a requirement to facilitatethe movement of equipment and furnishings aswell as handicapped personnel. The changes infloor level should also be planned to increaseviewing angles and improve sight lines to theplatform and central area.


(a) Illumination

Level Dancing 5 ftcAssembly 15 ftcExhibits 30 ftcGeneral illumination in accord-ance with IES Lighting Hand-book.

Type Pooled over activity areasAdjustable track lighting –multi-circuit

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Control

Outlets

Clock

Overall illumination – fluores-centAccent & display – incandes-centSpecial effects – strobes, pro-jectors

(provided by using service)Zoned on separate dimmersHouse panel behind stage andcontrol deskWall mtd 18” above floor 25’o.c.Floor outlets (large group areaonly) every 200 SFCeiling outlets – plug adaptersin Iight track using spare circuitStage – wall mtd 2’-0” below

(7)

ceiling line

(b) H V A C

Summer 78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%Winter 68°-70°Air changes 15 per hour

(c) Communications

P/A 1 station per 500 SF

Sound 1 speaker per 500 SF1 headphone jack and chan-nel selector per 4’ of seatingin lounge areas

T V antenna jack in lounge areas

Sound Reinforcement Systemcapability of 110 dB soundpressure level loudspeakers— central cluster above plat-form.

(d) Acoustics

Noise criteriaAppropriate sound levelReverberation timeAve coef of absorption

Transmission (STC)Impact noise rating

(e) Critical Dimensions

Ceiling height


PNC 2030 dB1.6- 1.8 seconds0.10-0.20 ceiling0.25-0.40 walls+50-60 dB+5

14’ average10’ minimum24’ maximum

(a) Equipment

Special effects & audio-visual equipment(provided by using service)Heavy duty drapery hardware forblack-out drapes

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seating; stacking chairs;folding card and long tables


Walls

Floor

Ceiling

(d) Color

WallsAccentStructure

painted or fabric-coveredwall boardcarpet, dance area — hard-woodexposed structure, painted

off -whiteprimary accent colorsprimary accent colors

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4-3 LARGE GROUP ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. PLATFORM.

(1) Function. The platform serves as a focusduring large group activities and as supplemen-tary seating during demonstrations or exhibi-tions in the round and as small group activityspace for meetings, card playing, etc.

Activities consist of speaking to, performingfor, or being watched by a large group;equipment being stored or received fromoutside; set construction and movement;scenery and prop preparation and storage;costume changes.

(2) Participants, Panelists, speakers, instruc-tors, and large and smaII group performers toinclude dance bands, choruses, etc.

(3) Size.

Platform Dressing Storage Loading Recmobile

12,700 SF Center750 200 300 100

19,800 SF Center750 250 450 100

27,800 SF Center750 300 500 100 300

(4) Relationships. Because of its functions,the platform is the focal point of the centralprogram area and should be encircled by it,much the same way that the central platformarea is encircled by smaII group activity areas.

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers - Individual Since Criteria - January 1976

The platform should be located adjacent to,immediately accessible to, and on the samelevel as the following support activities: storage,Ioading and dressing rooms. Locate the dressingroom toilets remote from walls adjoining theplatform.

(5) Design Considerations. The platformshould be planned as a thrust or open platformthat projects into the central program areabetween 5 and 10 feet, so that it can be used ina traditional manner or in the round. Theplatform should be at least 3 feet above thefloor of the central program area and shouldhave surrounding steps that can be used forseating or presenting exhibitions.

The platform should be no less than 20 feetwide at the opening to the central program areato afford reasonable Iines of sight to thepresentation area.

The platform should accommodate a variety ofuses, such as a platform for presentations, aforum for impromptu meetings, a lounge forcasual interaction, and a setting for films andlarge screen TV presentations.

The levels adjacent to the platform should beused as an area for loose chairs and tables or asseats themselves.

Platform support areas include program propstorage, storage for stacking chairs and foldingchair trucks, loft storage with access ladder forseasonal equipment, two dressing rooms andloading area.

In main Recreation Centers, an additionalstorage area with outside entrance for loadingshould be provided for Recmobile equipment.Recmobile storage requirements must includesecure storage for miscellaneous audio-visualaids, program props, portable platform equip-ment, and musical instruments.

(6) Technical Requirements.

(a) Illumination

Level general, 20 ftc; dressing rmmirror, 50 ftc

Type indirect fluorescentControl local switching

Platform Lighting: (to be used forguidance only; requirements must be

(7)

coordinated with using service)

6 front spotlights,elIipsoidal refIector 250w

3 disappearing floodlights,9 lamp, 150w

6 rear spotlights,Fresnel 150w

2 border lights, 8’; 16lamps, 4 colors 100w

1 background 25’,36”lamps, 3 colors 200w

2 work lights 200w

(b) Power

Special Outlets1 connector strip 24’ long2 surface mtd outlet boxes4 4-way floor pockets1 wall receptacle, 2-way 50 amp

Outlets 1 wall mtd in dressing rm,36” above floor

(c) Plumbing

WC and lavatory for each dressing rm

(d) H V A C


(e) Communications

P/A 1 station in each dressingrm, 1 in storage

Phone 1 to control deskT V Antenna jackSound Amplifiers and speakers as

required by using service.See central program area forrequirements.

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35Appropriate sound level 42 dBAve coef of absorption 0.15-0.25Transmission (STC) +45-50 d B

Interior Requirements.

(a) Equipment

Electrically powered film screenElectrically powered platform curtainFly and rear platform curtain

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(b) Furniture

Counter and mirror in each dressing rm


Walls

FloorsCeiling

(d) Colors

WallsCeilingCurtains

painted exposed block ordrywallhardwoodexposed structure

charcoalcharcoalprimary accent colors

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4-3 LARGE GROUP ACTIVITIES (continued)

c. PANTRY.

(1) Function. The pantry houses equipmentfor food preparation and service by Center staffto participants of large group activities orsnacks for Center patrons; small cooking classesand demonstrations are also held here.

(2) Participants. Staff member or members,often assisted by non-staff people numberingup to eight.

(3) Size.

All Centers 250 SF minimum

(4) Relationships. The pantry should beimmediately accessible to the central programarea. It should be near the administrativeoffices and the control center.

(5) Design Considerations. The pantryshould be planned to accommodate perimetercounters and appliances and a centrally located

service island, as well as the equipment listed inparagraph f.

One side of the room requires a serving windowto the central program area to facilitate thedistribution of refreshments.


(a) Illumination

Level 50 ftc on counter surface;30 ftc general

Type direct task, fluorescentControl local switch

(b) Power

Outlets 1 every 12’ mtd at 42”above floor1 at freezer, refrigerator, icemachine, mtd 18“ abovefloor

Administrative OfficesControl Center

Figure 4-8 Pantry

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Special clock outlet mtd 2’ below (d) Colors

(7)

ceilingRange outlet (220v); gar-bage disposal unit

(c) Plumbing

Ice machineDouble bowl, deep-well kitchen sinkBuilt-in dishwasher

(d) H V A C


Provide range hood and exhaust fan

(e) Communications

P/A 1 stationSound 1 speaker station

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35Sound level 4 2 d BAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +43 d B


(a) Equipment

Ice machine, coffee maker, popcornmachine, refrigerator, freezer, range,sink, disposer, dishwasher, wall and basecabinets

(b) Furniture

stools

Figure 4-9 Pantry Equipment Layout


. .Walls off -whiteAccent cool primary accent colors

Walls vinyl covered drywallFloors sheet vinyl or epoxy resinCeiling acoustical tile

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Figure 4-10 Small Group Activities

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4-4 SMALL GROUP ACTIVITIES

a. ACTIVE GAMES AREA.

(1) Function. These areas house physical,active and noisy games. Those involved areeither watching, waiting or participating inbilliards, pingpong, shuffle board, air hockey,table soccer and electric games. Games areplayed individually or as part of a tournamentprogram

(2) Participants. Two to five people pertable. The number of onlookers varies.

(3) Size.

Overall12,700 SF Center 1,500 SF minimum19,800 SF Center 2,700 SF minimum27,800 SF Center 3,800 SF minimum

This space will be divided into separate areasfor billiards, pingpong, and electric gamesaccording to popularity and local equipment.

Space/Unit

Billiard tables (standard 9’x4’-6”) 215 SFPingpong (9’x5’ table) 250 SFElectric games vary

(4) Relationships. Locate activity near the. .control center for equipment distribution andsurveillance.

Because food and drinks from the snack bar orvending machines are a source of damage to theequipment, locate pool tables and electricgames away from these areas.

Figure 4-11 Active Games Area

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Individual Space Criteria – January

Integrate overlooks, small conversation loungesor standing areas with the activity toaccommodate spectators and people waiting toplay.

(5) Design Considerations. Visual access tothe outside is desirable but not mandatory sinceparticipants’ attention is oriented to the games.Window openings should not produce glare on (7)

the tables. Glass areas must be protected fromwild cue balls and sticks.

Spectator seating should define limits of thearea and separate specific activities. Wideperimeter bench seating should be provided inat least two tiers to accommodate spectatorseating in tournament situations and loungingduring normal gaming.

Electric games must be securable when remotefrom the control center.


(a) IlluminationLevel 50 ftcType fluorescent suspended over

tablesControl switched at control desk

(b) Power

Outlets Electric game area – wallreceptacles, 1 every 4’;floor, every 10’ o.c.General game – 1 every 20’

Special clock outlet mtd 2’ belowceiling

(c) Plumbing

None

(d) H V A C


(e) Communications

P/A 1 speaker stationSound 1 speaker station, each area

3 headphone jacks in wait-ing area

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35-45Appropriate sound level 42-52 dBAve coef of absorption 0.50-0.60

1976

Transmission (STC) +60 dB


Room widths because of table sizes withclearancePingpong = 21’ x 12’Billiards = 19’-6” x 12’-9”


(a) Equipment

Billiard tables and racksPingpong tablesElectric gamesOther games

All as required and provided by usingservice

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seats on perimeter


Walls

FloorsCeilings

(d) Colors

WallsAccent

fabric covered acousticalpanelscarpet, except pingpongexposed structure, painted

off -whitewarm primary accent colors

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4-4 SMALL GROUP ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. TELEVISION LOUNGE.

(1) Function. TO house TV viewing areasand reduce conflict with other activities.Activities are watching and listening totelevision, quietly conversing and engaged insmall group meetings.

(2) Participants. One to 50 people standing,sitting, intently or casually watching andlistening to TV.

(3) Size.

OveralI12,700 SF Center 750 SF minimum19,800 SF Center 1,000 SF minimum27,800 SF Center 1,250 SF minimum

Space/Unit 10 SF per viewer

(4) Relationships. The television viewingarea should be located away from noisyactivities such as billiards, pingpong, electricgames, music practice, and special interest, butin a variety of settings throughout the Center.

A minimum of two lounges should be providedor, if possible, at least one lounge for each localtelevision station.

The entrance to the TV space should be opento the transition area and should encouragecasual observation of the activity prior toentering the lounge.

(5) Design Considerations. TV lounges mustfacilitate a flexible and informal arrangement of

Figure 4-12 Television Lounge

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furniture which will also serve for small groupmeetings and game areas.

Circulation paths should not occur in front ofthe screen; do not use two or more sets in thesame area.

Consideration should be given to the installa-tion of small sound clouds, baffles, or panels toassist in the reduction of sound transfer fromthe area.

The focal point of the area should be thescreen; attention should be given to sight lines(vertically and horizontally) of viewers to thescreens.


(a) Illumination

Level 10 ftcType incandescent areaControl local switch with dimmer

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per set1 per lounge area

Special antenna hook-up

(c) H V A C


(d) Communications

P/A 1 stationT V antenna jack

Requirements for Educational TV Serv-ice and/or central control system forvolume and channel selection should becoordinated with the using service.

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30Sound level 38 dBAve coef of absorption 0.40-0.50Transmission (STC) +50-60 dB

(7) Interior Requirements

(a) Equipment

Televisions

(b) Furniture


Walls fabric or wood slat coveredacoustical panels

Floors carpetCeiling acoustical tile

(d) Colors

Walls charcoal or cool accentcolors

Accent warm primary or contem-porary accent colors

Built-in perimeter bench seating,movable lounge chairs

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c. TABLE GAME AREAS.

(1) Function. These areas house quietactivities in an informal space that encouragesinformal participation in or observation of cardgames, table games, tournaments, meetings,group discussions, classes, reading, or listeningto records or tapes over the sound system.

(2) Participants. Two or four persons pertable. The number of observers varies. 30 ormore people may be participating in meetings.

(3) Size.

OverallAll Centers Small game area 150 SF

Large game area 600 SF

Space/Unit 15 SF per participant-Lounge20 SF per participant-Table

(4) Relationships. Locate cards and gamesarea near pantry and vending and remote fromnoise generating activities such as billiards,pingpong, electric games and music practice.

(5) Design Considerations. The need for adirect visual link to the outside is not asimportant as the opportunity for casualobservation of the transitional area or othernearby activities.

In small facilities, cards and games must beaccommodated in an area that is suitable forother activities.

In facilities larger than 12,700 SF, the card andgame area can respond more directly to its

Figure 4-13 Table Game Area

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primary use. This area should depend on low (c) Finish Suggestionspartitions, built-in seating and changes in level, Wallsmaterial and color to separate i t f r o m Floorscompatible activities. The built-in perimeterseating reduces the need for Ioose chairs, acts as (d) Color

a protective base for the wall and is suitable to Wallsany arrangement of tables and chairs; it also Accentsacts as an elevated platform for speakers duringmeetings, and as a display surface duringexhibits. Secure storage must be provided forchairs, blackboards, and audio-visual equipmentused during meetings.

Design should facilitate circulation and personalinteraction.

(6)

(7)

Technical Requirements

(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftc on table surface; 10ftc general

Type incandescent task, fluores-cent general

Control local switch with dimmer

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per wallSpecial clock outlet mtd 2’ below

ceiling

(c) H V A C


(d) Communications

P/A 1 stationSound 1 speaker station; 1 head-

phone jack every 6’ ofpartition

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30Sound level 3 8 d BAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +45 d B


(a) Equipment

None

(b) Furniture

Tables, movableseating

lounge chairs, built-in

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off-white or light tints

cool contemporary or pri-mary accent colors

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d. OPEN MULTIPURPOSE AREA

(1) Function. This space houses projectactivities so that litter and debris are controlledand not permitted to interfere with other areas.Activities include informal participation inhobbies, sewing, newsletter publications, dec-orations, special projects such as program propconstruction or audio-visual presentations,classes and program planning sessions.

(2) Participants. UP to thirty people sittingat tables, working on individual or groupprojects.

(3) Size.

OveralI

Small open multipurpose area 150 SFLarge open multipurpose area 600 SF

Storage 10% of floor area

Space/Unit 25 SF per participant

(4) Relationships. The entrance into thearea should encourage casual observation of theactivity by patrons in the transitional area. Itshould be located near the staff workroom andthe control desk.

(5) Design Considerations. General planningfor this activity should maintain flexibility tofacilitate a variety of work area arrangements.The hobby area must also accommodate otheractivities; therefore, the sink, cleanup andstorage areas should be minimized and separatefrom the main space.

Consideration should be given to the use ofexposed joists in the ceiling to facilitate the useof inexpensive display lighting that can clamponto the structure wherever desired.

Cover the walls with material that will receivethumbtacks such as washable vinyl cork. Avoid

Storage Roomadjustable shelves/sink perimeter seating

Figure 4-14 Open Multipurpose Area

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the use of broken up wall panels or bulletinboards.

Perimeter built-in benches should also beconsidered for seating as well as for displaypurposes.

Provide securable storage for tables, chairs andsupplies.

(6)

(7)


(a) Illumination

Level

Type

Control

(b) Power

OutletsSpecial

70 ftc, work surfaces; 30ftc, display areasfluorescent task; light trackfor displayslocal switch with dimmer

1 every 12’ of partitionclock outlet mtd 2’ belowceiling

(c) Plumbing

Janitor’s sink

(d) H V A C


(e) Communications

P/A 1 stationSound 1 speaker station; 3 head-

phone jacks mtd 30” abovefloor

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35Sound level 42 dBAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +45 dB


(a) Equipment

Storage for chairs and tables12“ shelves for supplies

(b) Furniture

Folding tables, stacking chairs, built-inperimeter seating


Figure 4-15 Open Multipurpose Space Alternative Use

Plans

Walls

FloorsCeiling

(d) Colors

WallsAccents

tackable surface, vinyl orcork coveredsheet viny I or resin epoxyexposed structure

off -whiteprimary accent colors andcharcoal

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e. ENCLOSED MULTIPURPOSE AREA.(1) Function. This space houses noisy

activities and activities requiring acousticalprivacy. These activities may include listeningto records and tapes; taping combo practice,speakers or program presentations; participatingin programs or meetings; or conferring inprivate.

(2) Participants. Up to 60 patrons listeningto combo practice sessions; up to 75 involved inprivate meetings.

(3) Size.

Overall

Small enclosed multipurpose area 150 SFLarge enclosed multipurpose area 600 SF

Storage 10% of floor area

Space/Unit 20 SF per participant8 SF per spectator

(4) Relationships. These activities generatemore noise than any other and must notinterfere with administrative offices or quietactivities such as reading, writing, listening,conversing, phoning, meeting, or viewingtelevision. However, this space should be nearthe control center for distribution of instru-ments.

Since this activity attracts onlookers, developthe entries to invite the casual passerby to standand watch the event before deciding to enter ormove on.

(5) Design Considerations. The enclosedmultipurpose spaces require sufficient glazingto allow surveillance of the activity inside bystaff personnel and passersby. The large spacemust accommodate informal instruction as wellas small scale planned or spontaneous presenta-tions with informal audiences.

control Center

platform

Figure 4-16 Enclosed Multipurpose Area

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These spaces must be soundproof. The HVACsystem should not act as a transmitter of noiseto other areas of the Center; sound bafflesshould be used in the system to handle thispotential problem. Also, partition constructionsystems should be designed to continue throughto roof construction to minimize soundtransmission over and through the walls.Interior glazing should be designed to assistsound attenuation.

Changes in level and material should defineplatforms to accommodate viewers and playersinterchangeably. Built-in perimeter bench seat-ing should be incorporated into the design.

Exterior windows are desirable.

(6)

(7)


(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftcType area fluorescentControl local control with dimmer

(b) Power

Outlets 1 every 12’ of partitionSpecial clock outlet mtd 2’ below

ceiling

(c) H V A C


(d) Communications

P/A 1 stationSound 1 speaker

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30Sound level 5 0 d BAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +50-60 dB

Reverberation time 1.4-1.6

(f) Critical Dimensions

Ceiling height 15’ to 20’.Room ratio 1(H):1.25(W):1.60(L)


(a) Equipment

Secure storage area for chairs andequipment

Meeting Film

Figure 4-17 Enclosed Multipurpose

Use Plans

(b) Furniture

Jam Session

Space Alternative

Stacking chairs, folding tables


Walls

FloorsCeiling

(d) Colors

WallsAccents

fabr ic or wood coveredacoustical panelscarpetexposed structure

off-whitecool and warm pr imarycolors

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f. TELEPHONE LOUNGE.

(1) Function. This lounge houses a twenty-four-hour telephone facility for use by allpersonnel. Activities are generally limited totelephoning, involving either short or prolongedconversation, and waiting for calls or for friendsto complete calls.

(2) Participants. Individuals occasionallyaccompanied by friends waiting; 5 to 15people.

(3) Size.

Overall Lounge No. ofPhones

12,700 SF Center 100 SF 319,800 SF Center 200 SF 627,800 SF Center 300 SF 8

(4) Relationships. Locate the telephonelounge adjacent to and immediately accessibleto the main entrance and the ITT office. Thetelephone lounge should have access to theexterior for twenty-four-hour service, butshould be secured from the remainder of thefacility after hours.

(5) Design Considerations. Integrate severaltelephones with seating to create a living roomatmosphere in facilities larger than 12,700 SF.Telephone booths should be provided toaccommodate private conversations. At leastone phone booth should be planned to permituse by an individual in a wheelchair.

The area should be planned to facilitate visualsupervision of the activity both from inside and

Figure 4-18 Telephone Lounge

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outside the building. Provide telephone booths,storage for local and several out-of-statedirectories and built-in seating. Telephonebooths should have washable wall surfaces sothat graffiti can be washed off periodically.


(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftc, booths; 10 ftc,lounges

Type direct fluorescent task,warm white

Control switch at control desk

(b) Power

Outlets 1Special clock outlet mtd 2’ below

ceiling, visible from booths

(c) H V A C

Summer 78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%Winter 68°Air changes 6 per hour

(d) Communications

Phones separate from Center’sphones

Sound 1 speaker

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30Sound level 30 dBAve coef of absorption 0.40-0.50Transmission (STC) +35 dB


(a) Equipment

Phone booths as provided by TelephoneCompany

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seating


Walls painted drywaIIFloor carpetCeiling acoustical tile

(d) Colors

Walls primary colorsAccents white or black

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g. CARRELS.

(1) Function. Carrels provide a privateenvironment where individuals may pursueactivities without interference from otherpeople or activities. These activities includereading, writing, listening to records and tapes,daydreaming, and conversing. These activitiesare usually individually oriented, introspective,and non-interactive.

(2) Participants. Usually limited to individ-uals. Occasionally two or more people convers-ing privately.

(3) Size.

All Centers 30 SF minimum

12,700 SF Centers 4, minimum number19,800 SF Centers 8, minimum number27,800 SF Centers 12, minimum number

(4) Relationships. Locate carrels to main-tain visual link to the center of the centralprogram area and provide the opportunity tooverlook other activities.

(5) Design Considerations. Carrels house

Figure 4-19 Carrels

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both quiet and noisy activities and shouldtherefore be enclosed and insulated for sound,accommodating the requirements of its highestpotential use. Window cut-outs and entriesshould be used to create views from the carrels;these will also allow surveillance of the activity.

Provide chalkboards or washable wall coverings,suitable to drawing with felt tip pens to providesurfaces for graffiti. This device should be usedto create a desirable outlet for what isotherwise considered to be a destructivepersonalization of space.

All speakers and sound system componentsshould be built-in and flush-mounted. Consid-eration should be given to procurement ofprefabricated “sound modules” currently avail-able commercially through several manufac-turers of library and school equipment.


(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftc on tablesType incandescent taskControl local switch with dimmer

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per carrel mtd at counterheight

(c) H V A C

Summer 78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%Winter 6 5 ° - 6 8 ° 6 5Air changes 15 per hour

(d) Communications

P/A 1 station per carrelSound 1 multi-channel selector and

headphone jack for eachcarrel

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 10-20Sound level 20-30 dBAve coef of absorption 0.40-0.50Transmission (STC) +50-60 dB

(f) Minimum Dimensions

Sound equipment, sound modules (coor-dinate with using service)

(b) Furniture

Lounge chairs, writing surface


Walls fabric-covered acousticalpanels and chalkboards

Floors carpetCeilings acoustical tile

(d) Color

Walls sandstone, soft gray, orcharcoal

Accents cool primary accent colors

5’-6” width


(a) Equipment

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h. SPECIAL INTEREST AREA,

(1) Function. This space houses specialinterest programs such as classes, clubs, andcoffeehouse act iv i t ies so that they mayfunction at hours when the remainder of thefacility is closed as well as when it is open. Theactivities include hobbies, such as coin collec-ting, ski club, etc.; wives’ club meetings;coffeehouse activities such as rap sessions; smallgroup entertainment presentations; and snackpreparation and service.

(2) Participants. Small groups of two tosixty; meetings of from twenty to sixty.

(3) Size.

19,800 SF & 27,800 SF Centers

Meetings Office Storage1000 SF 100 SF 100 SF

(4) Relationships. Locate adjacent to andimmediately accessible to lobby and outsideand toilets. It must be designed to operate onhours independently of the remainder of theCenter.

(5) Design Considerations. This space mustbe able to accommodate a complete change indecor to correspond with unique programs.These activities are independent of other Centeractivities and are potentially noisy. The areashould be completely partitioned and insulatedfor sound.

Special interest programs require a storage areaand one independent program office for afull-time staff member. The office should beadjacent to the special interest room and havecontrol of the storage room.

Figure 4-20 Special Interest Area

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These activities do not require visual access tothe outside.

A counter should be provided for secureplacement of turntables, tapes and amplifierequipment, and separate internal sound andP/A system to serve only the special interestarea.

(6)

(7)


(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftcType incandescent light trackControl local switch with dimmer

(b) Power

Outlets 1 every 12’ wall space, onservice counter

Special clock outlet mtd 2’ belowceilingceiling outlets use extracircuit of Iight track

(c) Plumbing

Double sinkCoffee and espresso makers

(d) H V A C


(e) Communications

P/A 1 speaker station at servicecounter and office

Phones desk set in officeSound 3 speaker stations; head-

phone jacks every 6’; sep-arate system from Center’sconsole system provided byusing service; microphonejacks spacedusing service

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteriaSound levelAve coef of absorptionTransmission (STC)


(a) Equipment

as required by

PNC 3042 dB0.30-0.40+50-60 dB

Meeting

Figure 4-21

Plans

Hobbies Coffee House

Special Interest Area Alternative Use

plates, stereo cabinets and equipment –supplied by using service; service coun-ter with securable storage cabinets

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seating; movable loungeseating; stackable chairs and tables;movable presentation platform


Walls painted drywall with vinylcovered tack surfaces andpicture railing

Floor carpetCeiling exposed structure

(d) Colors

Walls off -whiteAccents primary accent colors

Espresso machine; popcorn maker; hot

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Figure 4-22 Administrative Activities

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4-5 ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES

a. CONTROL CENTER.

(1) Function. The control center serves asthe general information office, the equipmentstorage and distribution point, the area fromwhich the recreation staff maintain visualcontrol over the activities of the facility andoperate the P/A system, TV and record/tapecontrol.

The activities involve the staff conversing withusers, distributing equipment, observing otheractivities and participants, operating the P/Aand sound system, and coat checking duringlarge group activities.

(2) Part ic ipants. A varying number ofpatrons waiting to be served and one to threestaff members.

(3) Size.

Overall Counter Storage

12,700 SF Center 150 SF 250 SF19,800 SF Center 300 SF 350 SF27,800 SF Center 400 SF 400 SF

(4) Relationships. The control center shouldbe adjacent to and visible from the entrancelobby and administrative offices.

It should be near the central program area,pantry and telephones, all activities requiringdistribution of equipment, public toilets andjanitor’s closet.

(5) Design Considerations. Primary activitiesare oriented to the interior of the building and

Figure 4-23 Control Center

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do not require exposure to the outside ornatural light.

Provide a counter in view of the main desk forpermanently mounted P/A system, record andtape players with storage for records and tapes.Provide an additional counter for distributionof supplies and equipment. This distributioncounter must accommodate a stool and kneespace for comfortable seating and a counterpass-through for heavy equipment.

Since both public and staff activities focus onthis counter, arrange all equipment and storageareas to facilitate counter accessibility.

Centers of 12,700 SF or less should include aworktable for preparation of posters, etc.

In addition to the partitioned securable storagerooms, the entire area including servicecounters must also be securable.

(b) Furniture

Built-in counter, stools, worktables


Painted or vinyl-covered drywall

(d) Colors

Walls primary accent colorsAccents white or black

(e) Storage Requirements

The following represents an example oftypical control center storage require-ments; actual requirements must becoordinated with using service:

Books and directoriesHeadphonesLetter writing suppliesTypewriters

(6)Table games

Technical Requirements Tape recorders

(a) Illumination Pool and pingpong equipment

(7)

LevelTypeControl

(b) Power

OutletsSpecial

(c) H V A C

SummerWinter

40 ftc on counter surfaceincandescent direct tasklocal switch

ProjectorsMicrophonesProp preparation equipmentToolsBroken equipment

1 per 12’Coat storage – 300 people

clock outlet mtd 2’ below Music equipment:

ceiling above counter

78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%65°-68°


(d) Communications

P/A main stationPhones desk setSound main station

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30Sound level 0.20-0.30Ave coef of absorption +43 dBImpact noise rating +5


Drum sets complete with cymbalsBongo drumsConga drumElectric guitarsElectric bass guitarsElectric guitar amplifiers w/microphonesElectric bass guitar amplifiersTrumpetAlto saxophoneBanjosAcoustical guitarsElectric organAccordianAutoharpAssorted number of rhythm instru-mentsReeds, drumsticks, replacement stringsMiscellaneous equipment

(a) Equipment

P/A system consoleRecord/tape system console

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4-5 ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES.

(1) Function. The administrative officesprovide work and conference space forRecreation Center staff. The activities includeworking individually, consulting, meeting,lounging, preparing graphics and indirectlymonitoring Center activities.

(2) Participants. Three to five staff memberswho, by training and profession, rely heavily onverbal communication with their associates andthe people they serve. Other participantsinclude enlisted personnel and volunteer per-sonnel.

Control Center

I T T

Lobby

(3) Size.

Overall Office Meeting Work Storage

12,700 SF Center 300 100 – 4019,800 SF Center 300 100 100 5027,800 SF Center 500 125 150 75

Space/Unit 100 SF per office + central work areastorage = 10% of floor area

(4) Relationships. The administrative officesshould be adjacent to and immediatelyaccessible to the control center, informationtour and travel, and the lobby.

Work Area

Figure 4-24 Administrative Offices

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Internally, the offices should surround a centralwork and meeting area; the storage areas andpowder room should be adjacent to andimmediately accessible to the offices and workarea. The office area should be entered directlyfrom the transitional area through the centralwork area.

(5) Design Considerations. An open planlayout should be used to enhance the ease ofcommunication throughout the area. Individualwork areas should be separated from each otherby storage and files and should focus on acommon area which serves as a lounge orinformal conference room.

A staff workroom should be included infacilities larger than 12,700 SF as additionalspace becomes available for preparation ofvisual aids, posters, charts, etc. This arearequires layout table space as well as storage oraccess to storage for art supplies.

The area must have a clearly defined publicentrance, must be securable and should beserved by a private staff lavatory.

Monitoring of adjacent activities from theoff ices should be facilitated. Provide window inprincipal office areas for outside view andnatural light. Orient glass to avoid glare frommorning and afternoon sun.

The administrative office must accommodate adesk, chair, files, and visitors’ seating for eachfull-time staff member. The lounge area mustaccommodate the placement of comfortable chairs, a sofa, and coffee table.

Storage must provide for staff member coatsand personal effects as well as general officesupplies.


(a) Illumination

Level 70 ftc, work surface; 30 ftc,lavs

Type fluorescent; incandescent inmtg areas

Control local switched

(7)

(c) Plumbing

W.C.Lavatory

(d) H V A C


(e) Communications

P/A 1 stationPhones 1 at each deskSound 1 speaker

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30-40Sound level 34-37 dBAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +43 dB


(a) Equipment

Office machines, Xerox, duplication(provided by using service)

(b) Furnishings

Desks and chairs, file cabinets, worktables, lounge chairs, sofa


Walls painted drywallFloors carpetCeilings acoustical tile

(d) Colors

Walls off -whiteAccents cool primary accent colors

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per wall in each officeSpecial clock outlet in central area

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4-5 ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES (continued)

c . INFORMATION TOUR &TRAVEL ( ITT) .

(1) Function. ITT houses the followingactivities: ticket dispensing, consulting withstaff, planning trips, looking at maps, makingreservations, viewing rearview projection pres-entations and conversing in small groups.

(2) Participants. One or two staff membersand a variable number of people readingavailable information or seeking assistance.

(3) Size.

OveralI Counter Office Lounge

12,700 SF Center 50 SF – —

19,800 SF Center 50 SF – 60 SF27,800 SF Center 50 SF 100 SF 60 SF

Space/Unit 100 SF per office

15 SF per user at lounge/counter

(4) Relationships. All ITT areas should beadjacent to and immediately accessible to lobbyand telephones.

In facilities of 12,700 SF or less, ITT isconsolidated with the control center.

(5) Design Considerations. In facilities largerthan 12,700 SF, the ITT area is treated as alounge and office associated with, but separatefrom, administrative offices. These offices offerthe only consolidated recreation informationand travel services available for the entireinstallation. They require securable administra-tive areas and service counter areas which canaccommodate, as a minimum, the following:two file cabinets, a safe, a desk and chair, acounter stool, secure storage of audio-visual

Figure 4-25 Information, Tour & Travel

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display equipment, an adding machine, and stool, typewriter stand.typewriter stand. (c) Finish SuggestionsA lounge area adjacent to the administrative Wallscounter is required in the ITT office, which Floorsshould be open to the transitional area and will Ceilingaccommodate the following: kiosks, literatureracks, poster displays, and serve as a waiting (d) Colors

area for patrons seeking the services of ITT Wallsstaff. Accents

All ITT areas should be planned to allow casualobservation of magazines and posters withoutrequiring verbal contact with a staff member.

(6)

(7)


(a) Illumination

Level

TypeControl

(b) Power

OutletsSpecial

(c) H V A C

SummerWinter

30 f tc , counter; 10 f tc ,loungeincandescent tasklocal, switch behind counter

1 every 12’1 per kiosk

78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%68°


(d) Communications

P/A 1 station in loungePhones desk set – 1 class “A” lineSound 1 speaker station in lounge

(e) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 30-40Sound level 42 dBAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +40 d B


(a) Equipment

2 securable file cabinets; safe, securablestorage of audio-visual display equip-ment including rear projection slideviewers and screens; adding machines.Provisions for teletype may be required,

(b) Furniture

Lounge chairs, stools behind counter,built-in counter, desk and chair, counter

painted drywallcarpetacoustical tile

warm primary colorswhite, black or charcoal

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Figure 4-26 Refreshment Activities

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4-6 REFRESHMENT ACTIVITIES

a. VENDING AREA.

(1) Function. The vending area housesmachines which dispense food and electricgames which are operated by AAFES. Activitiesinclude purchasing and consuming snack mealsfrom permanent vending facilities; informallyconversing and gaming.

(2) Participants. 28 to 38 people sitting andeating; varying numbers using the electric gamemachines.

(3) Size.

Overall Dining Vending Game

12,700 SF Center 500 200 SF 150 SF19,800 SF Center 1,075 325 SF 250 SF27,800 SF Center Either Snack Bar or Amuse-

ment CenterSpace/Unit 15 SF per participant seated

+ machine area

(4) Relationships. The vending area should

vending machines

electric games

Terrace

be located near the lobby so that customers canvisit the Recreation Center for the sole purposeof obtaining snacks and beverages. However,the customer should be able to see otherrecreation activities taking place so that interestmay be aroused. The snack area should bevisible and directly accessible from the centralprogram area.

Functionally, the vending area should be nearthe toilet rooms and immediately off a servicearea to permit delivery of material and trashremoval.

The vending area should be remote from theactive game area to reduce food and drinkdamage to equipment.

Internally, the vending machine area shouldface the dining area and the game area topermit consumption at both tables and atgames.

Space

Figure 4-27 Vending Area

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(5) Design Considerations. The eating areaof this space should not be merely utilitarian. Itsatmosphere should provide opportunities forrelaxed small group interaction over food. Themachine area should be planned to minimizetraffic and noise conflicts with the eating area.Orient the eating area to take advantage ofnatural light and exterior views.

HQ AAFES Engineering Division should berequested to participate in the coordination offood service activities during the preliminary or (7)concept stage of planning. Requests forcoordination should be directed to HQ AAFES,Attn: EN-A, Dallas, Texas 75222. AAFES willprovide detailed Furniture and Food Equip-ment layouts with an equipment list statingpower and utility requirements. General guid-ance on technical requirements and interiorrequirements follows.


(a) Illumination

LevelType

Control

(b) Power

Outlets

Special

30 ftcincandescent; direct overmachines, indirect overtableslocal switch with dimmer

1 per wall; 1 per vendingmachine and game machine;each machine @ 115v 60c1 PHclock outlet mtd 2’ belowceiling

Total electric load12,700 SF Centers = 115 amps19,800 SF Centers = 165 amps(coordinate with AAFES)

(c) Plumbing

Slop sink in storage areaCold water line to vending machine(coordinate with AAFES)

(d) HVAC


(e) Communications

P/A 1 station

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 35-45Sound level 42-52 dBAve coef of absorption 0.30-0.40Transmission (STC) +43 dB


12,700 SF Centers = 28’-0” x 30’-0”19,800 SF Centers = 32’-6” x 35’-0”


(a) Equipment

See diagram (coordinate with AFFES)

(b) Furniture

See diagram (coordinate with AAFES)


Walls vinyl covered drywallFloors vinyl covered or epoxy resinCeiling exposed structure or acous-

tical tile

(d) Colors

Walls off -whiteAccent cool and warm pr imary

colors

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FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE – 12,700 SF CENTER

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.

Trash ReceptacleDining TableDining TableChairsCoin/BillChangerVending Machine/CandyVending Machine/CoffeeVending Machine/All-PurposeVending Machine/Cold DrinksVending Machine/Multi-ProductCondiment UnitMicrowave OvenSkill Machines (2)Pinball Machines (4)Juke Box

Utility Requirements

EEE CWEE CWEEEEEE

CODE: E = ElectricityCW = Cold Water

Figure 4-28 Vending Area – 12,700 SF Center Furniture & Equipment Layout

FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE – 19,800 SF CENTER


1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.

Trash ReceptacleDining TableDining TableChairsCoin/BillChangerVending Machine/CandyVending Machine/All-Purpose (2)Vending Machine/CoffeeVending Machine/Cold DrinkVending Machine/Multi-ProductCondiment UnitMicrowave Ovens (2)Skill Machines (3)Pinball Machines (7)Juke Box


EEEE CWE CWEEEEEE

Figure 4-29 Vending Area – 19,800 SF Center Furniture & Equipment Layout

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4-6 REFRESHMENT ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. SNACK BAR.

(1) Function. The snack bar provides fulIfood services and electric games where there areno other permanent exchange facilities availablein the immediate area; operated by AAFES.Activities include purchasing and consumingfood and drink, conversing, and playingelectrically operated games.

(2) Participants. 84 patrons and staff insmall groups of one to six.

(3) Size.

27,800 SF Centers

Dining Serving1,400 SF 700 SF

Space/Unit 12 SF

(4) Relationships. The snack bar should beadjacent to and immediately accessible fromthe lobby. All other areas should be able to besecured from the snack bar to permit itsoperation during times when the Center isclosed.The snack bar should be near the toilet roomsand immediately adjacent to the service courtto permit deliveries and trash removal.

The snack bar should also be adjacent to theterrace area to accommodate outdoor dining,and located away from the active game area.

Internally, the AAFES game area should beKitchen Games1,000 SF 350 SF

adjacent to the snack bar area to allowconsumption of food and drink while playing

per diner games.

Figure 4-30 Snack Bar

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(5) Design Considerations. The snack bar isthe second largest activity in size in theRecreation Center, and although it is anadministratively and physically independentsection except at the lobby, the snack barshould be visually related to other activities.Eating areas defined by transparent partitionsshould overlook the central program area andthe terrace. Internally, the areas should beseparated by a decorative and booth-heightscreen wall. Windows should be maximizedwithin parameters set for energy conservationto provide a view to the outside. In addition, avariety of shaded and sunny eating areas, bothinside and outside, should be created.

Cross traffic through the dining area should beminimized and directed along clearly definedpaths.

A mixed seating arrangement consisting oftwo-and four-place rectangular tables, four-place booths, and six-place round tables shouldbe provided to accommodate varied sizes ofcustomer groups and add interest and informal-ity to the dining area.

HQ AAFES Engineering Division should berequested to participate in the coordination offood service activities during the preliminary orconcept stage of planning. Requests forcoordination should be directed to HQAAFES, Attn EN-A, Dallas, Texas 75222.AAFES will provide detailed Furniture andFood Equipment layouts with an equipmentIist stating power and utility requirements.General guidance on technical requirements andinterior requirements follows.

(6) Technical Requirements(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftc game, dining, kitchenareas70 ftc serving area

Type incandescent; direct in serv-ing lines, indirect in diningareasfluorescent; indirect inkitchen and game areaprovide sanitary fixtures inkitchen and serving line

Control local switchingdimmer control in diningarea

(7)

(b) PowerOutlets 1 per wall in dining area; 1

per gamesee diagram for kitchen andserving area

Special clock outlet 2’ below ceilingabove serving line

Total electric load120/208v 3ø4 wire

Capacity 480 amps minimum (coor-dinate with AAFES)

(c) Plumbing


(d) H V A CSummer 78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%Winter 65°-70° dining area; 66°

kitchenAir changes 15 per hour, dining area

25 per hour, kitchen(e) CommunicationsP/A 1 stationTelephone 1 in office areaSound none

(f) AcousticsPublic Kitchen

Noise criteria PNC 35 PNC 45Sound level 38 dB 52 dBAve coef of absorp 0.30 0.25-0.40Transmission (STC)+43 dB +43 dB

(g) Critical DimensionsSee diagram (coordinate with AAFES)


(a)See

(b)See

(c)

Equipment

diagram (coordinate with AAFES)

Furniture

diagram (coordinate with AAFES)Finish Suggestions

Walls

Floors

Ceiling

(d) ColorsWallsAccents

vinyl covered drywall,dining areasheet vinyl or epoxy resin indining area; i m p e r v i o u s flooring in kitchen/servingareaexposed structure

off-whitewarm primary colors

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FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE – SNACK BAR


ABCDEFGHIJ

Trash ReceptacleDining TableDining TableDining TableChairsBoothsCoin/Bill Changer ESkill Machines (3) EPiinball Machines (6) EJuke Box E

Food ServIce Equipment:

1.2.3.4.6.6A.7A.8.9.

Tray LoweratorRefrigerated Case Line E DHot Food Unit (w/sneeze guard) EOpen Shelving CounterLowerator Stand (drinking glasses) w/12" pass-through overshelfPaper Cup Dispenser standCanned Beer Cooler (w/12" pass-through overshelf)Beverage Dispenser StandDispenser Stand

10. Pastry Case11. Lowerator Stand (for paper cups, china cups and saucers)12. Urn Dispenser Stand, Dual Drip Pans1 3 . C a s h i e r s t a n d14. Tray Slide16. Cash Register17. Coffee Urn (Dual Dispenser)18. Hot Chocolate Dispenser19. Bulk Milk Dispenser20. Milkshake Machine21. Tea Dispenser22. Combo Carb/Noncarb. Drink Dispenser23. 3 Compartment Sink (w/3rd compartment lmmersion heater)25. Ice Dispenser26. lce Cubelet Machine27. Refrigerated Base w/overshelf26. Pizza Oven29A. Deep Fat Fryer30. Griddle

E

E C WE C WEEEE C WE CW HW

E CWE DEEE

31. Updraft Exhaust Unit E

32. Sandwich Unit E D

33. Toaster, 4 slice E

35. Reach-In Refrigerator E35A. Reach-In Refrigerator E

36. Sandwich Sealer E36A. I-lot Plate E37. Cold Food Make-Up Table (w/overshelf) E38. Work Table38A. Work Table39A. Bench Mixer w/stand E40. Storage Rack41. Slicer42. Vegetable Sink w/waste disposer E CW HW43. Storage Cabinet44. Walk-in Dual Temp Box E D45. Rack Dolly46. Dish Dolly47A. Clean Dish Table48A. Dishwasher E HW CW49A. Soiled Dish Table50. Busing Cart52. Cream Dispenser54. Condiment Table E C W64. Immersion Heater (for Item 23) E

66. Dish Cart66. lnfra-Red Warmer E

67. Storage Shelving68. Water Tanks (for Item 22, w/underfloor conduit and line connection)71. Portable Trash Receptacle73. Swivel Chair74. Writing Desk75. Filing Cabinet76. Safe78. Wall Lockers79. Waste Disposer

80. Dishwasher Rinse Booster Heater81. Pressure Fryer82. Char-Broiler86. Menu Board87. Convection Oven89. Food Warmer

CODE: E = ElectricityCW = Cold WaterHW = Hot WaterD = Drain

EEEEEEE

Figure 4-31 Snack Bar Furniture & Equipment Layout

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4-6 REFRESHMENT ACTIVITIES (continued)

c. AMUSEMENT CENTERS.

(1) Function. Amusement centers providelimited food and beverage service with a largearea for coin operated skill and pinballmachines where a permanent exchange foodfacility is, or will be, available in the immediatearea on installations without a training mission.Activities include consuming food and drinks –primarily pizza and beer – and playing games.

(2) Participants. Small groups of peoplefrom 1 to 6 totaling approximately 100-150people.

(3) Size.

Overall

27,800 SF CenterGame area Dining area Preparation

1,500 SF 1,000 SF 700 SF

Space/Unit 12 SF per diner

(4) Relationships. Locate the amusementcenter adjacent to and immediately accessibleto the lobby and terrace and near toilet rooms.All other areas should be secured from theamusement center after the Recreation Centercloses. Locate the amusement center away fromthe active game area.

Amusement centers differ from snack bars inthat there is a limited menu, usually beer andpizza, which requires a smaller dining area andpreparation space and an increase in the gamearea.

(5) Design Considerations. The amusementcenter is the second largest activity in area inthe Recreation Center, and although it is anadministratively and physically independentsection except at the lobby, the amusementcenter should be visually related to other

Figure 4-32 Amusement Center

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activities. Eating areas defined by transparentpartitions should overlook the central programarea and terrace. Internally the areas should beseparated by a decorative and booth-heightscreen wall. Windows should be maximizedwithin energy conservation limits, to provide aview to the outside. In addition, a variety ofshaded and sunny eating areas, both inside andoutside, should be created.

Cross traffic through the dining area should beminimized and directed along clearly definedpaths.

HQ AAFES Engineering Division should berequested to participate in the coordination offood service activities during the preliminary orconcept stages of planning. Requests forcoordination should be directed to HQ AAFES,Attn: EN-A, Dallas, Texas 75222.

AAFES will provide detailed Furniture andFood Equipment layouts with an equipmentlist stating power and utility requirements.General guidance on technical requirements andinterior requirements follows.

(6) Technical Requirements(a) Illumination

Level

Type

Control

(b) Power

Outlets

Special

30 ftc, dining and kitchenareas50 ftc, game area70 ftc, serving areaincandescent; direct in serv-ing lines, indirect in diningareafluorescent; indirect inkitchen and game areaprovide sanitary fixtures inkitchen and serving linelocal switch; dimmer controlin dining area

1 per wall in dining area; 1per gamesee diagram for kitchen andserving areasclock outlet 2’ below ceil-

(7)

(c) Plumbing


(d) H V A C

Summer 78°DB; 65°WB; RH 50%Winter 65°-70° dining area; 66°

kitchenAir changes 15 per hour, dining area

25 per hour, kitchen

(e) Communications

PublicNoise criteria PNC 35Sound level 38 dBAve coef of absorp 0.30Transmission (STC)+43 dB

(f) Critical Dimensions

KitchenPNC 4552 dB0.25-0.40+43 dB



(a)

See

(b)

See

(c)

Equipment


Furniture


Finish Suggestions

Walls vinyl covered drywall,dining area

Floors sheet vinyl or epoxy resin indining area; impervious floor-ing in kitchen/serving area

Ceiling exposed structure

(d) Colors

Walls off-whiteAccents warm primary colors

ing, above serving lineTotal electric load

120/208v 3ø, 4 wireCapacity 480 amps minimum (coor-

dinate with AAFES)

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FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE – AMUSEMENT CENTER

Dining Room & Amusement Utility Pizza/Beer Bar Equipment: UtilityEquipment: Requirements Requirements

A Trash ReceptacleB Dining TableC ChairsD BoothsE Bar StoolsF Coin/Bill Changer EG Skill Machines (3) EH Pinball Machines (9) EI Vending Machine/Candy EJ Vending Machine/Cigarettes EK Pool Tables (4)L Cue RackM Juke Box E

Pizza/Beer Bar Equipment:

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

8.

Pizza Oven EReach-In Refrigerator EDisplay Refrigerator EDraft Beer Dispenser ERefrigerated Pizza Make-Up Unit EPass-Through Shelving Counter3 Compartment Sink E(w/immersion heater) E

Microwave Oven

9. Walk-In Refrigerated Box E D10. Noncarbonated Dr ink Dispenser E CW11. Ice-Maker/Dispenser E CW12. Cash Register E13. Coffee Brewer E14. Bar Counter15. Service Stand16. Filler Top w/12 paper cup dispensers17. Filler Top w/8 paper cup dispensers18. Service Stand19. Urn Stand20. Storage Shelving21. Safe22. Office Table23. Swivel Chair24. Wall Lockers

DD


D HW = Hot WaterD = Drain

C W H W

Figure 4-33 Amusement Center Furniture & Equipment Layout

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4-7 SERVICE ACTIVITIES

a. MAINTENANCE AREAS.

(1) Function. To house those activities thatcomprise the physical maintenance of theRecreation Center. The activities consist ofdelivering supplies and equipment, removingtrash, maintaining plumbing, mechanical equip-ment, parking and maintaining the landscape.

(2) Participants. Staff, maintenance anddelivery personnel and patrons.

(3) Size. As required; mechanical rooms tobe sized to meet the needs of the equipmenthoused.

Loading docks 80 SF minimumService area for kitchen 100 SF minimum

(4) Relationships. Utilities should be lo-cated near the platform and kitchen loadingareas and common driveway to centralizeservice-related activities and to maximizeefficiency of service to the building. Trashremoval for the various activities should occurat the appropriate loading area.

(5) Design Considerations. Mechanicalequipment rooms will be enclosed, securable,and entered only from outside the building.

Loading entrances are required at the platform,food preparation area, and mechanical equip-ment room to facilitate maintenance activitiesand the loading and unloading of supplies.

Siting considerations based on operationalrequirements will govern the placement ofdumpsters for garbage colIection. The locationand orientation of the dumpster will becompatible with the design characteristics ofthe container and the loading vehicle, includingturning and maneuvering radius requirements.Dumpsters should be located at the rear of abuilding, within a service area, or where theycan be adequately screened with planting orfencing.

The final configuration and size of themechanical equipment room should conform toan appropriate arrangement of the equipmentactually selected. See illustrative building plansfor utility requirements specifically related toeach size facility.


(a) Illumination

Level 10 ftcType incandescent utility fixturesControl local switching

(b) Power

Outlets 1

(c) Plumbing

As required

(d) H V A C

Summer noneWinter 60°Air changes 0

(e) Communications

None

(f) Acoustics

None


As required


(a) Finishes

Bare structure

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4-7 SERVICE ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. PUBLIC TOILETS.

(1) Function. To house personal hygieneactivities in a private and sanitary manner.

(2) Participants A variable number of staff,patrons, and patrons’ guests.

(3) Size. The toilet areas will be sized tohouse the number of fixtures required by DOD4270.1-M and TM 5-810-5, based on theaggregate number of occupants for which theCenter is designed. This figure is derived fromthe maximum number of patrons that theCenter can accommodate, who are engagedconcurrently in various activities in differentspaces including central program, small group,refreshment, special interest, and administrativeareas.

The ratio of fixtures for men and womenshould be developed by the using agencyaccording to installation population factorssuch as the potential number of female militaryand civilian personnel, and use patterns of theCenter such as the potential number of femalevisitors.

Approximate overall sizes

12,700 SF Center 450 SF19,800 SF Center 600 SF27,800 SF Center 720 SF

(4) Relationships. The public toilet areashould be adjacent to the lobby area and nearthe control center, AAFES refreshment andgame area, and the special interest area. Thereshould also be easy access from ITT and thetelephone lounge. The entrance to the toiletareas should be visible from the control center.

(5) Design Considerations. To facilitate theuse of public toilets when the Center is partiallyopened (e.g., special interest, ITT, refreshmentareas), they should be designed in conjunctionwith the entry/lobby.

The interiors should be Iaid out with vestibulesto provide privacy. In the women’s room thisvestibule should be developed as a small seatinglounge.

A minimum of one fixture in each area will beaccessible by the physically handicapped.

All fixtures shall be easy to maintain andoperate, and will be equipped with water savingvalves. Water closets shall be wall-hung andenclosed in ceiling mounted metal enclosures;valves will be mounted 39” above floor tominimize damage from kicking. Lavatories shallbe enameled cast iron and be built into acounter. Urinals shall be wall-hung and enclosedwith metal screens. All accessories and fittingswill be tamper-proof.

Finishes should be impervious to water andeasy to maintain.


(a) Illumination

Level 30 ftc; mirrors 50 ftcType direct fluorescentControl switch at control desk

(b) Power

Outlets 1 per wall1 at lavatories mtd atcounter height

(c) Plumbing

As required for fixtures

(d) HVAC


(e) Communications

P/A 1 speaker stationSound 1 speaker station

(f) Acoustics

Noise criteria PNC 40-50Appropriate sound level 47-56 dBAve coef of absorption 0.50Transmission (STC) +50


WC stall 2’-8” x 5’-0”Aisle 5’-0”


(a) Equipment

Paper towel dispensers, soap dispensers,toilet paper holders, mirrors, trash

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receptacles, feminine napkin dispensersand receptacles, plumbing fixtures asrequired

(b) Furniture

Built-in lounge seats in vestibule areas


Walls epoxy painted drywall orexposed glazed structuraltile

Floors ceramic tile or epoxy resinCeiling acoustical tile

(d) Colors

Walls off -whiteFloors warm accent colorsAccents cool and warm pr imary

colors

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Figure 4-34 Outdoor Activities

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4-8 OUTDOOR ACTIVIT IES

a. TERRACE.

(1) Function. The terrace provides space forrecreation activities that may occur outside thebuilding during clement weather. Activitiesinclude dining, drinking, barbecuing, rapsessions, presentations, conversing, playinghorseshoes, shuffleboard, dancing, etc.

(2) Participants. Small groups of 1-6 people,totaling up to 100 spectators and participants.

(3) Size.

Overall12,700 SF Center 3,000 SF minimum19,800 SF Center 3,600 SF minimum27,800 SF Center 4,200 SF minimum

(4) Relationships. The terrace should belocated adjacent to the central program areaand the refreshment area so that it can be usedin conjunction with the other activities takingplace or as an overflow area.

The terrace should also be near the pantry inorder that food may be prepared for barbecuesand moved easily to the terrace for cooking.

Terraces should be oriented to take advantageof the sun and natural shade to gain maximumuse during the year.

(5) Design Considerations. The terraceshould include a stepped platform to permit

Figure 4-35 Terrace

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outdoor presentations to occur, with terracedareas for seating and tables, and a covered areafor shade during the warm months.

Active game areas such as shuffleboard shouldbe provided approximately 15 feet away fromthe building and oriented away from any largeglass areas. Also, they should be located on alower level so that. the buiIding is protected bythe steps.

Provision should also be made for theinstallation of barbecue grills.

Appropriate landscaping and planting should beused to define areas and enhance theircharacter.


(a) Illumination

Level 10 ftcType waterproof incandescentControl local switch

(b) Power

Outlets 2 waterproof receptacles

(c) Plumbing

Hose bibb

(d) Communications

P/A 1 stationSound 1 station, controlled from

interior of central programarea

(7) Exterior Requirements

(a) Furniture

Built-in benches

(b) Finish Suggestions

Brick or stone pavers

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4-8 OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES (continued)

b. ENTRY COURT.

(1) Function. The entry court serves toorganize pedestrian entry into the building,provide a visual focus to the Center from thesurrounding area, and identify the Center.Activities include entering and exiting theCenter, with small scattered groups informallyconversing.

(2) Participants. Varying in number from 1to 500.

(3) Size.

Overall12,700 SF Center 200 SF minimum19,800 SF Center 250 SF minimum27,800 SF Center 300 SF minimum

(4) Relationships. The entry court shouldbe connected to the pedestrian circulationsystem of the installation and the parking lot.In severe climates, consideration should begiven to a covered connection to the drop-offarea in the parking lot. The entry court shouldlead to the building entry and telephonelounge.

The entry should be separated from the servicecourt.

(5) Design Considerations. The entry court,to a great extent, provides the visual identity ofthe Center and should have suitable graphicsand identifying symbols. The entry court

- information kiosk

Lobby

TelephoneLounge

Figure 4-36 Entry Court

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should focus pedestrian movement into theCenter while providing areas for small groups toconverse when leaving without interfering withtraffic.

Landscaping and planting should be provided todevelop a pleasant and attractive entrance tothe Center. Care should be taken not to obscurevision into the Center from the exterior or intothe parking lot from the entry court.


(a) Illumination

Level 5 ftcType waterproof incandescent,

areaControl automatic time switch at

control desk

(b) Power

Outlets 1 waterproof receptacle

(c) Plumbing

Hose bibb

(d) Communications

P/A 1 speaker stationSound 1 speaker station

(7) Exterior Requirements

(a) Equipment

Center identification signAnnouncement board

(b) Furniture

Built-in seating


Brick or stone pavers

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4-8 OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES (continued)

c. PARKING.

(1) Function. This area serves to storevehicles of users and recreation services; foroccasional use as a program space to exhibitantique or custom cars, or motorcycle events.Activities center around driving and parkingvehicles and walking to and from the Center.

(2) participants. Small groups of 1-6 peopletotaling approximately 400 people.

(3) Size. Non-organization vehicles: Cur-rently, parking must be provided for 2% of theenlisted population served; as outlined in DODManual 4270.1-M. If an analysis of parkingrequirements demonstrates that the followingare inadequate, then a space exception withappropriate justifications should be submittedthrough command channels for approval.

Overall No. of Cars Area

12,700 SF Center 40 12,600 SF19,800 SF Center 80 25,200 SF27,800 SF Center 100 31,500 SF

Space/Unit 315 SF per car

(4) Relationships. The parking area shouldbe adjacent to the entry court and connect tothe service drive to minimize paving require-ments. Walking distance from a parked car tothe entrance should not exceed 300 feet. Careshould be taken to minimize mixing of servicetraffic with visitor traffic.

(5) Design Considerations. Parking areasshould be designed for easy entrance and exit,and shall provide 90 degree parking wheneverpracticable.

Vehicular entrances to parking area should be am i n i m u m o f 1 0 0 f e e t f r o m a n y t r a f f i cintersection.

Parking area should be laid out to provide anefficient service arrangement for deliveries andtrash removal and safe, convenient and pleasantpedestrian areas.

There should be a drop-off area at the entranceto the building.

Parking aisles and main walks should pointtoward the building for safety and convenience

of pedestrians. Parking provisions for thephysically handicapped shall be providednearest their trip designation. The designfeatures shalI include depressed curbs, ramps,paved walkways and special parking stalls toaccommodate the operation of wheel chairsfrom either side of the parked vehicle. Care inplanning must be exercised so that individualsin wheel chairs and persons using braces andcrutches are not compelled to wheel or walkbehind parked vehicles.

Planting in medians and large islands should beprovided to screen and alleviate the bleak effectof broad expanses of paving, to help identifythe traffic and parking patterns visually, and toprovide an aesthetic balance between theseareas and the building.

Recognition should be made of the growingdemand of bicycle usage at Recreation Centers.Coordination is required with the using serviceto determine the magnitude of traffic flow andto anticipate needs for bicycle facilities. Ifprovisions for bicycles are justified and parking inneeds have been established by the usingservice, bicycle racks shall be provided near thedoor, of the trip destination, well away fromany vehicular traffic congestion and parking.

Provide facilities for motorcycle parking incoordination with the using service.


(a) Illumination

Level 5 ftc

Type pole mounted long-lifequartz tubes

Control automatic time switch atcontrol desk

Directional reflectors to prevent or diffuseobjectionable illumination spillage on surround-ing areas are required.

(b) Plumbing

Hose bibb

(c) Surface

Paving area: bituminous pavingWalks: concrete

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Spatial Organization – January 1976

CHAPTER 5SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

5-1 OBJECTIVES

The Recreation Center should be spatiallyorganized to encourage social interaction anduser participation; to allow many diverseactivities to occur simultaneously; and tofacilitate administrative control of the Center.This Chapter describes spatial organizationalprinciples that may be employed in thedevelopment and review of designs. A principleis defined here as a rule exemplified in theorganization and layout of a building design. Inorder to provide guidance on how individualspaces and design elements go together, spatialorganizational principles are expressed (andillustrated ) as typical rules which describe howindividual spaces go together to form functionalareas, and how functional areas go together toform a building design.

5-2 PRINCIPLES

Spatial organization must be based primarily onthe interrelatedness of activities, maximumflexibility of the Center, successful adaptationto site and climate variables, and possibleCenter expansion. These variables will beaffected by achieving economic constructionand mechanical systems layout, maintaininguser safety and facility security, incorporatingsite amenities, and providing for use by thephysically handicapped.

a. INTER RELATEDNESS OF ACTIVITIES.Activities should be grouped to maximizedesirable effects (accessibility, control, multi-use) or separated to minimize conflicts (noise,activity incompatibility).

b. FLEXIBILITY OF USE. The spatial organi-zation must allow the simultaneous occurrenceof many diverse activities, from plannedactivities to spontaneously self-generated activ-ities, by diverse groups of people.

Activity areas must be arranged to encouragecasual interaction by using the transitional areas

for lounges and waiting areas and by enablingparticipants to see from one area into another.

c . A D A P T A T I O N T O S I T E & C L I M A T I CVARIABLES. The spatial organization of aRecreation Center must consider the sitevariables (size, shape, contours, orientation,views, and natural features) and climaticvariables (severe or temperate). For example, aCenter which is to be constructed on a site withnatural beauty, proper solar orientation andtemperate climate may be outwardly oriented,with the activity spaces focused toward theoutside of the building; if the Center is to bebuilt in an area with a severe climate andgenerally unattractive surroundings, its spatialorganization should be focused toward theinterior of the Center.

d. EXPANSION. If a Center exhibits a stronglikelihood for expansion of activities, theCenter’s spatial organization should be plannedto permit a functional growth by increasing thenumber of spaces or by enlarging the existingspaces. As a Center expands, the necessity forflexibility decreases, because space usage isdetermined by administrative control.

5-3 C R I T E R I A

a. ACTIVITY ANALYSIS. Four var iableswhich affect spatial organization should beanalyzed.

(1) Physical Access. Physical access is themost important factor in spatial organization;its primary concerns are convenience ofcirculation, ease of administrative control, andpotential for social interaction.

(2) Acoustics. The next most importantcriterion is acoustics, or the generation ofdisruptive noise by an activity. If a conflictarises between accessibility and acoustics, theaccessibiIity requirements should govern loca-tion with the acoustical problem being treatedtechnologically.

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(3) Visual Access. The third factor gov- requirements for each space. The purpose of

erning spatial organization is visual access which this matrix is to provide assistance in the

is the capability of seeing from one area to establishment of priorities for planning spatial

another. This is important for administrative organization. If trade-offs are required because

control and increasing awareness of alternative of design constraints, they can be evaluated in

activities. terms of the effect they will have on the

(4) Compatibility. Compatibility of activ-function of the Center. Values have been

ities, the fourth criterion, measures the level ofassigned to spatial relationships as follows:

interference one activity can tolerate from ●

another without disturbance; gives considera-tion to requirements for privacy, concentration,and attention of the users; conflicting elementsare noise, physical activity, and administrationpolicy.

D. AFFINITY CRITERIA. These results of anactivity analysis are summarized in Table 5-1,Affinity Matrix, which presents the adjacency

Table 5-1. Affinity Matrix.

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5-4 CONCEPTS

Figure 5-1 Spatial Organization Conceptual Diagram

a. ORGANIZATION. Based on the activityanalyses, the Recreation Centers should bespatially organized to focus all small groupactivities on the central program area with thetransitional spaces integrating the two elements.A hierarchy of characteristics should beestablished which orders the activities awayfrom the central program area according to size– large to small; active to passive; communal toprivate. Highly used areas should be strate-gically located to draw users past new activities,This arrangement encourages movement, socialinteraction, and allows direct control of thegreatest possible area and the largest number ofpeople.

b. SCHEMATICS. Several basic spatial organi-zation schemes can be developed by manip-ulating the transitional space. Each scheme isevaluated in terms of activity interrelationships,flexibility of use, adaptation to site and climatevariables, and provision for expansion (seeTable 5-2).

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(1) Linear. The linear scheme is Character- (2) Central. The Central scheme places theized by a single transitional spine along which central program area in a core position withactivity spaces are arranged; central program small group activities encircling it; the transi-

area is centrally located. tional space separates the two elements.

Linear plan maximizes distance between activ-ities which facilitates noise control but inhibitsvisual control. However, in smaller centers theproximity of activities necessitates a technolog-ical approach to sound control as well asplanning considerations.

Figure 5-2 Linear Scheme

Key

TLGASGASIA D MICRv

TransitionalLarge Group ActivitiesSmall Group ActivitiesSpecial InterestAdministrativeControl / ITTRefreshmentVending

PLOT

LDLDT ESME

PlatformTerraceLobbyDressingLoadingTelephoneServiceMechanical

The large group activity area is central andseparates conflicting small group activities.Since the large group area is adjacent to allother areas across the transitional area,opportunities for social interaction are max-imized.

Figure 5-3 Central Scheme

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(3) Dispersed. The Dispersed scheme scat- (4) Axial The Axial scheme combinesters spaces to reduce conflicts, uses enclosed intents of the Linear and Central schemes;

thethe

spaces to buffer sound and separate open transitional space is divided into two axial pathsspaces. The transitional space acts as a around the central program area which separatedecentralized Iink that both connects and incompatible small group activities.separates activities.

separate the large group areaBuffer activitiesfrom peripheral small group activities. Thisarrangement decreases opportunities for socialinteraction but allows diverse activities to occurwithin a relatively constricted area. Takingadvantage of site conditions when possible, theroofs of buffer areas should become mezzaninesor overlooks which visually connect peripheralareas and the large group area.

Figure 5-4 Dispersed Scheme

The central large group area separates con-flicting small group activities and is adjacent tomost areas including the lobby across thetransitional area. This arrangement shouldmaximize opportunities for social interaction.

Figure 5-5 Axial Scheme

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Table 5-2. Spatial Organization Scheme Evaluation.

LINEAR SCHEMEFacilitates noise control

Inhibits visual controlWorks best with Centers of12,700 SF or less

More opportunities forsocial interaction

Highly flexible

Can be focused outwardly

Requires solar pathorientation

Suitable for temperateclimates

Natural cooling results fromorientation to prevailingwinds

Can be expanded at either end

CENTRAL SCHEME

Separates conflictingactivities

Facilitates visual control

Maximum opportunity forsocial interaction becauseof visual and physical access

Focused inwardly

Suitable for severeclimates

Plan level changescarefulIy for slopedsites

Restrictive

DISPERSED SCHEME

Sound control excellent

Reduces visual/physicalaccess to all spaces

Spontaneous socialinteraction hampered

Houses many diverseactivities well withno dysfunctions

Similar to site adapta-tion for Central Scheme

AXIAL SCHEME

Separates areas withconflicting acousticalrequirements wellVisual/physical accessfacilitated

Locate popular activitiesat ends of axes to encouragemovement past new activities

“Functions well in allclimates

Adaptable to any sitecondition

Limited Expansion can occur atends of axes

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Case Studies – January 1976

CHAPTER 6CASE STUDIES6 - 1 G E N E R A L

This chapter presents case studies – programsfor five hypothetical Recreation Centers,including Centers of 12,700 SF, 19,800 SF and27,800 SF; a Center in “found space” (anexisting building, not in use) and a remodelingof an existing standard design.

These studies are not to be construed asdefinitive designs but as guides to demonstratehow solutions were derived in specific contexts.The procedure, as well as the informationpresented, is in an abbreviated form to show afew of the important considerations. Ananalysis in greater depth with more detailedinformation would be required to actually planand design a Recreation Center.

6-2 12,700 SF CENTER

a. SITUATION. This installation is located inthe southwestern United States between twomedium-size towns and approximately 45 mileswest of the state capital. The post consists of1,500 enlisted personnel and has no trainingunits. The surrounding towns provide typicalleisure activities as well as unique opportunitiesfor skiing, backpacking, and rock hunting innearby mountains.

Currently the Recreation Center is housed in atemporary building which is scheduled fordemolition to build new troop housing.Therefore, a new Recreation Center is to bebuilt as part of a small community centerlocated between the married enlisted men’s andnon-commissioned officers’ housing and thebarracks complex. Other facilities in thecomplex are an Arts and Crafts Center, MovieTheater, a Post Exchange with complete foodservice, and a library.

The post area climate is hot and arid with anannual normal temperature range of 35°-105°F; annual precipitation, 7.20 inches; prevailingsouthwesterly breezes in summer, 18 mph.

The Center site is long and narrow with the

main post road on its southern property line.There are views of distant mountain rangesfrom the site.

b. CURRENT USAGE. There are an average of150-200 people in the existing Center at peakhours of use during weekdays; when there arelarge group activities on weekends, attendanceincreases to about 300-350 people. The Centeris operated by two full-time staff members.

A full range of regular programs is provided atthe Center as well as a small number of SpecialInterest programs and a recently initiatedInformation Tour & Travel program.

It is conjectured that use of the Center willremain fairly constant in the future, but there isa possibility that the installation will grow.

c. PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMSFOR THE NEW CENTER. The fo l lowingactivities are anticipated for the new Center.These were planned on the expansion ofcurrent popular programs and the provision ofnew activities in which patrons have expressedinterest.

(1) Administrative. The professional staff,involved in planning, supervising, and partic-ipating in all programs at the Center, is assistedby dependent and military volunteers whoconduct some of the planned activities. A staffmember operates the control desk and the ITTprogram.

(2) Large Group. Usually there will be threeplanned weekly large group functions – Fridaynight dances, Saturday night socials with liveentertainment, and Sunday night films. Attend-ance will range from 200-250. In addition,there will be hi-weekly demonstrations ofKung-Fu, fencing, and other exhibitions whichwill have about 60-100 attendees. The Centerwill be used for non-recreational events such asunit parties in which about 200 people attend,as welI as community activities such as blooddrives.

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Case Studies – January 1976 ’

(3) Small Group. During the week, patronshave displayed a great deal of interest inself-generated activities, especially billiards andcard playing, which are expected to attractabout 50 participants each in the new Center.There will usually be one card and pooltournament each week with as many as 50-60entrants and spectators expected.

The Center also operates some informal classeson “cooking for fun” (15 people) and rockcollecting (10 people). TV viewing is not aspopular as other small group activities; it maydraw 25 people per night. A rap session aboutsocial awareness topics will involve 20 peopleper week and an informal combo practice (5persons playing, 15 spectators) will take placenightly.

(4) Special Interest. Groups currently meetthree nights per week for coin collecting, skiing,and rock hunting. Since this program isrelatively new, interest must be generated toincrease participation from the 20 memberseach club has now. There is also a “slimnastics”class specifically for enlisted wives which meetsin the early evening.

(5) Refreshments. Since the Center will belocated within walking distance of a full servicePX facility, the only refreshment activitieswhich will occur are snacking during regularhours and special refreshments provided by theCenter for special events and festivities.

d. SPACES REQUIRED. The following spatialrequirements have been derived from currentand planned Center activities and programs.

(1) Administrative Offices. As recom-.mended in Chapter 4.

(2) Large Group Activities. The centralprogram space should be sized to a maximumof 250 people for movies and dances:

Movies: 250 x 8 SF/person = 2,000 SF

Dances: 250 x 15 SF/person = 3,750 SF

Because some dance-related activities can occurin lounges (sitting out, socializing, takingrefreshments), the central program space shouldbe reduced by 20%.

During the week the central program space willaccommodate a variety of self-generated activ-

ities such as chess, table games, letter writing,record and tape listening, small meetings, etc.and should be spatially divided into smallerconfigurations scaled to the group sizes.

(3) Small Group Activities. Small groupspace must be programmed to allow activitiesto overlap in each space; the central programarea can be used weeknights to house largeractivities (rap sessions, card tournaments, etc.).

One enclosed multipurpose space is required tohouse approximately 30 people involved innoisy activities (combo practice) and privateactivities (meetings and “slimnastics”). Oneopen multipurpose space is required to house1 0 p e o p l e f o r recorded music listening,informal classes, and writing; four privatecarrels are also required.

Two TV lounges are required to accommodate50 viewers for two local channels. Large TVevents can be viewed in smaller lounges withportables or a large projection screen in thecentral program space.

(4) Special Interest Programs. Since theseprograms are new, they should occur in openareas such as the central program space, loungeareas, or multipurpose areas to attract newparticipants.

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e . S U M M A R Y O F S P A T I A LREQUIREMENTS.

Table 6-1. Spatial Requirements 12,700 SFCenter

Administrative SpacesInformation Tour & Travel 50Control 150Administrative Offices 400Storage 250

Large Group SpacesCentral Program Space 3,000Platform 750Dressing, Storage, Loading 600

Small Group SpacesPantry 250Telephones 100Carrels (4) 120Open Multipurpose 150Enclosed Multipurpose 600TV/Meeting 750Active Games 1,490

Refreshment (AAFES Food Service & Games)Vending Machines & Games 850

Lobby 150

Service SpacesPublic Toilets 450Janitor’s Closet 5 0

Net Total 10,160

Transition Space + Net to Gross @ 25% 2,540

TOTAL (Excluding Mechanical Space) 12,700

f . DESIGN SOLUTION. This solut ion isdeveloped as an outwardly oriented, linearspatial organization pattern because of the siteconfiguration and climatic patterns to permitconstant ventilation during most of the year.Also, because of local climatic conditions, thebuilding incorporates a number of terraces,provided for outdoor activities; these arelocated on the northern side of the building toreduce glare and heat.

Noisy areas (billiards and pingpong) areseparated from the central program space bythe enclosed multi-purpose space. The highlyused billiards and eating areas are located at theopposite ends of the circulation spine to drawpeople past other activities.

The central program area is developed as abilevel space. When used for dances, the lowerarea would serve as the dance floor and theupper area would be a lounge with tables andchairs. The pantry is located so that refresh-ment service during large group activities coulduse the upper level of the central space as alounge. During movies and platform presenta-tions, the two levels would afford better sightlines to viewers sitting in the rear. The steppedplatform could be used for “in the round”seating for demonstrations and small presenta-tions or as a lounge when no large groupactivities are in operation.

Two TV areas are developed to insure that achoice of channels would be available to theviewers.,

The exterior of the building expresses itslocation in the Southwestern United States byreflecting the local, regional architecture andthe local climate conditions in the choice ofmaterials, the use of architectural detail, andthe control of fenestration. The overall design isdeveloped as a low, horizontal scheme that isemphasized by long blank walls, with aminimum of small punched openings, wideoverhangs that cast strong shadows, and beingclad with a single, unified material, stucco. Aband of high windows surrounding the Centerunder the overhang allows diffused, reflectednatural light to enter the building; in the centralprogram space a raised roof section with asimilar band of windows naturally lights thisarea; where needed, small square windows arelocated to provide vision to the exterior. As acontrast to the solidness of the rest of thefacade, the entry is glazed to emphasize itsopenness, to be inviting to people entering, andto enable internal activities to be seen.

To reinforce “the building’s horizontality and toextend its apparent size, wing walls are addedto the terraces.

g. TECHNICAL SOLUTION. The structuralscheme selected is a combination of long spanand short span steel joists bearing on masonrywalls. To reduce cost, these would be exposedin all large areas whose technical requirementswould permit it; to present an orderly and

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attractive appearance, all joists would beoriented in the same direction.

Because of the climate – lack of rain – a flatroof (1/4” per foot of slope) with large overhangswas selected to reduce cooling loads. Theexterior of the building will be faced with latexstucco to have the same visual quality as theregional adobe architecture, The fenestration ofthe building is maximized on the northernelevation and minimized on the southern toreduce solar heat build-up in the Center.

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Figure 6-2 Plan 12,700 SF Center

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Figure 6-3 Elevation & Section 12,700 SF Center

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a. SITUATION. The fort is located in themiddle northwestern prairies, approximately150 miles from the nearest city; there are twosmall towns near the fort which have a sizablepopulation of retired military personnel. Themilitary population is 3,975, of which 2,075are enlisted personnel, 70% being permanentparty personnel and 30% advanced trainingpersonnel.

Since the surrounding area offers little in leisureor tourist facilities, most of the militarycommunity’s recreation activities must beprovided by the installation. Recognizing thisneed, the commander is requesting that a newcommunity center be built to replace theobsolete and over-crowded temporary buildingsnow in use. This community center will havefacilities for all recreation programs as well aspost exchange, GED Center, theaters, guesthouse, and restaurant. The two existingRecreation Centers located in isolated tempo-rary buildings will be demolished for newhousing construction.

The climate of this area is severe: normaltemperatures are 86° F in the summer and 0° Fin the winter; annual extreme temperatures are114° F and –45° F. Annual precipitation is15.15 inches and the annual snowfall is 34.8inches. The northerly winter winds averageabout 35 mph and the westerly summer breezesabout 10 mph. Noon solar angle is 69° on thesummer solstice and 22° on the winter solstice.

The site is within walking distance of thetraining area and is located across the main

traffic artery from the post exchange and movietheater and east of the GED Center and guesthouse. The site is flat with the road on thewestern side and no significant features orviews.

b. CURRENT USAGE. The Center is used by300-500 people on weekdays and 750-1,000 onweekends; it is open from 1-10 pm daily exceptSundays, when it is open from 10 am-10 pm.Because of the lack of other facilities, theCenter will be highly used for non-recreationalevents during the morning hours.

c. PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMSFOR THE NEW CENTER.

(1) Informationr Tour & Travel. ITT is usedquite a bit to plan small group trips to urbanareas and to arrange reduced fare accom-modations at the hotels and will continue to behighly active in the new Center where theprogram will be enlarged.

(2) Large Group. The predicted attendancerange for large group activities will be asfollows: 200, square dancing; 300, bingo; and400, socials. Large group activities also includefilms, dances, festivals, socials and exhibitionswith attendance averaging approximately 250people.

(3) Small Group. Games, tournaments, andTV viewing are the most popular and will haveabout 100 people watching the two localchannels and about 75 people playing gamesand cards nightly. Record and tape listening,taping, and combo practice sessions areextremely popular also, with about 30 peopleanticipated to request ear phones or recordsnightly; informal combo sessions also will occurnightly and will involve about 10 patrons.

Enlisted wives have expressed an interest instarting sewing and home decorating classes,and some people exhibited an interest instarting ecology and antique collecting classes.Rap sessions were not attempted in the oldCenters because of a lack of space, but soldiershave indicated that they would be interested; apol l revealed that 60 people would beextremely interested and 30 people moderatelyinterested, so a rap session program is to beinitiated in the new Center for about 50 peoplethree times a week.

(4) Special Interest. Groups meet everyweekday night. The bike riding club (30members) meets Sunday afternoons; there is amotorcycle club (50 members); enlisted wivesclub (100 members); ski club (25 members);coin collecting club (30 members); and ecologyclub (30 members). Meeting activities rangefrom lectures, exhibitions, work on projects,business meetings, and planned outside activ-ities. Since the Special Interest Program is wellorganized and attended, it wilI definitely beincluded in the new facility and hopefullyexpanded.

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(5) Refreshment. These activities center ona vending area with seating for 38 and electricgames, as recommended by Army and AirForce Exchange Services.

d. SPACES REQUIRED. The following spaceshave been derived from current and plannedCenter activities and programs:

(1) Administrative. Off ice space is requiredfor three full-time staff members (as outlined inChapter 4) with ITT spaces including workareas and counter space.

(2) Large Group. The central program spaceis planned to house its most extensive use, 300people for bingo, which requires that all peoplebe located in proximity to the platform.

300 x 10 SF/person = 3,000 SF

Because dances and socials have as many as 400participants, there should also be a lounge for50 people:

50 x 15 SF/person = 750 SF

(3) Small Group. These spaces should besized in accordance with guidance presented inChapter 4.

1

2

8

2

1

2

enclosed large space for informal combosessions, group meetings, audio-visual pres-entations (600 SF)enclosed small spaces for music practice,classes, and small meetings (150 SF each)enclosed cubicles for recorded music lis-tening and taping and writing; headphonejacks should also be provided in other loungeareas (30 SF each)open multipurpose spaces for rap sessions,hobby activities, game playing, and cardplaying (1 @ 150 SF and 1 @ 600 SF)pantry for refreshments and cooking class(250 SF)TV viewing areas for 70 people; open ontransition space for overflow:

70 x 15 SF/person = 1,050 SF

active games areas should include thefollowing:

Pingpong 2 tables@ 250 SF = 500 SFBilliards 6 tables@ 215 SF = 1,290 SFElectric Games = 700 SF

Seating = 210 SF

(4) Special Interest. The special interestroom should be sized to hold 60 people whoare in club meetings or working on projects:

60 x 20 SF/person = 1,200 SF

Figure 6-4 Spatial Diagram 19,800 SF Center

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e . S U M M A R Y O F S P A T I A LREQUIREMENTS.

Table 6-2. Spatial Requirements 19,800 SFCenter

Administrative SpacesInformation Tour & TravelControlAdministrative OfficesStorage

Large Group SpacesCentral Program SpacePlatformDressing, Storage, Loading

Small Group SpacesPantryTelephonesCarrels (8)Open Multipurpose (small )Open Multipurpose (large)Enclosed Multipurpose (small)Enclosed Multipurpose (large)TV/MeetingActive Games

PingpongBilliardsElectric Games (not AAFES)Special Interest

AAFES Food Services & Games

Lobby

Service SpacesPublic ToiletsJanitor’s Closet

Net Total

100300500350

3,750750800

250200240150600150600

1,050

5001,500

7001,200

1,150

350

6005 0

15,840

Transitional Space + Net to Gross @ 25% 3,960

TOTAL (Excluding Mechanical Space) 19,800 SF

f . DESIGN SOLUTION. This Recreat ionCenter is spatially organized in a central schemewhich develops a greater envelope/enclosureratio to aid in energy conservation. Because ofthe severe climate and the lack of siteamenities, the building is inwardly orientedtoward a complex central program area. Thepurpose of this interior form is to provide visualinterest and to make the central space lessformal and more inviting to the users. Also, thisspatial organizational concept enables the

exterior of the building to be developed in amanner that achieves maximum energy con-servation. This is accomplished by surroundingthe building with earth berms and covering theroof with earth, which functions as insulationmaterial, reduces exterior wall surface, andgives the Center a distinctive exterior appear-ance that fits the ecology of the area.

The central program space is a series of steppedlevels which permit a number of smalleractivities to coexist with a large group activitytaking place in the center. The central space canbe used as a “seating in the round” with thecenter of attraction in the lower level or“traditionally” with the speakers and perform-ers on the presentation platform or as a seriesof small informal lounge areas. The steppedlevels enable the viewers at the rear to havebetter sight lines. To provide natural light in thecentral program space, a cluster of skylightmonitors is located above the stepped areaforming a pool of natural light and pleasantambience.

The popular small group activities are located atthe extremes of the circulation paths to drawpeople through the Center and to isolate noisyactivities from quiet ones.

The angular TV viewing room is developed withinformal built-in stepped seating focusedtoward the screen to give everyone goodvisibility.

The control desk is projected out into thetransition space to give greater visual access toall areas of the Center. The pantry relatespositively to the administrative area, centralprogram space, and terrace. The terrace islocated on the south for greater usability with acovered area to reduce summer sun to thebuilding.

This solution employs two different spatialconfigurations for the large multipurposespace. One is designed to house privatemeetings and combo practice and consists of aseries of stepped platforms which surroundcentral space; this space can also be used forlectures and meetings by having the speakerstand in the podium corner; the other is aflexible and open multipurpose space.

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The visual character of the Center is char-acterized by its location on the prairie with alow flat silhouette that blends into the naturalqualities of the landscape. The earth berms areinterspersed with light wells formed by wingwalls where openings are required for vision oraccess and to add visual interest to the facade.

To draw people into the Center and toemphasize the entrance of the building adiagonal wing wall opens the berm to the entryand forms the entry court.

g. TECHNICAL SOLUTION. The structuralconcept is one central long-span steel joistconstruction over the central space, aroundwhich there is a short-span steel joist systemover the enclosing small group spaces. Since thesnowfall is moderate and the climate dry, amoderately sloping roof is appropriate, usingearth-fill on the roof to serve as additionalinsulation. Because of acoustical considerations,the small group spaces should have a droppedacoustical ceiling. The exterior envelope wouldbe an insulated masonry wall with a minimumof openings for fenestration.

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a. SITUATION. The post is located on thewest coast near a large metropolitan area whichoffers a number of off-post recreationalfacilities for outdoor activities such as surfing,skiing, and back-packing as well as typicalurban activities such as the theater, restaurants,and night life. The military population consistsof over 10,000 men (6,000 enlisted men),which includes 50% permanent party personneland 50% basic trainees.

A new main Recreation Center will be builtbetween two training commands in an area thathas theaters, libraries, and swimming pools, but

does not have post exchange restaurantfacilities located in the vicinity. The objectiveof the Center is to relieve overcrowding of twoBranch Centers which suffer from a lack ofspace and over-use during the weekends bytrainees.

The site is located on the crest of a hilloverlooking the rest of the Center and thePacific Ocean to the south and west. Theclimate is mild with a normal temperature rangeof 48° F - 72° F winter to summer, withextreme temperatures at 29° F and 98° F.Annual rainfal l is 18.02 inches and nomeasurable snow. Winds are westerly at anaverage of 20 mph. There are 134 clear days peryear, 132 partially cloudy days, and 68 rainydays per year. The noon solar angle is 76°-30’on the summer solstice and 28°-30’ on thewinter solstice.

b. CURRENT USAGE. The projected use ofthe Center is high. The current Centers handleapproximately 200 people per hour during theweekends; it is projected that this trend willcontinue, with Center use heaviest during theweekends, averaging 1500 to 2500 people perday when the trainees use the Center.

During the weekdays the Center is normallyused by the permanent party personnel; usage isdown to about 300 to 500 per day. Theprojected high usage of the building indicatesthat there will be extreme problems withcontrol, noise, congestion, and maintenance.Since the trainees present a problem withdrinking, the results of a poll of permanentparty personnel indicate that they would prefer

that beer and wine not be served at the Center.

c. PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMSIN THE NEW CENTER. The Center staff wantsto provide a fuII range of regular programs andincrease the number of large group programsthat involve both the permanent and traineegroups while still recognizing some incompat-ibilities of the two groups.

(1) Administrative. There are five full-timestaff members involved in administratingRecreation Programs. At this Center, ITT willbe a full-time activity which involves distrib-uting tickets for on- and off-post events as wellas arranging group travel and outings andmaking accommodations at nearby militarycampgrounds,

(2) Large Group. These activities are plan-ned to accommodate the two different usinggroups, permanent party personnel and train-ees. On weekends, the emphasis is on socialsthat include dancing, rock and folk entertainersand ethnic festivals; the attendance at theseevents is projected to be approximately 500people. During the weekdays, the programs aregeared to the permanent party personnel withfilms, socials, demonstrations, card tour-naments, and organized games; the attendanceis expected to range from between 100 to 250people. Also, there may be unit parties whichwill have between 100-300 participants; thesewill occur during the week. There is someindication that if the activities are located in abetter facility, there will be an increase inparticipation.

(3) Small Group. These activities nowcomprise the bulk of planned program activitiestaking place in the Center. The most popularactivities are billiards, informal combo practice,record and tape listening, and TV viewing.Billiards normally attracts about 75 people withan equal number using electric games (pinball,electronic tennis, air hockey); this popularitywill continue in the new Center but will notincrease because of the new activities beingplanned.

TV viewing involves about 100 people pernight; it is believed that this would be reducedif participation in other activities could be

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encouraged. There is a rap session held twiceweekly and normally involving 50 people;smaller sessions also occur. The spontaneousinformal use of musical instruments is verypopular; there are at least two sessions nightlyinvolving about 20 people; this should remainconstant. A minimum of 30 requests arereceived nightly for ear phones or recordingequipment.

(4) Special Interest. These activities includethe following: women’s groups (60); Chess Club(60); Skiing Club (80); Scuba Club (40); andCoffee House for social awareness (70).

(5) Refreshment. These activities centeraround an 84-seat snack bar with electric gamearea, as recommended by AAFES.

d. SPACES REQUIRED. The following spatialrequirements have been derived from existingand planned Center activities and programs:

(1) Administrative. Recommended in chap-ter 4 for five full-time staff,

(2) Large Group. Central program areasizing is complex because of different sizes ofgroups handled weekends and weekdays. Theweekend social would require about 4,500 SFmaximum. The solution must be to develop acentral program area as a large space withseveral adjoining lounges that can be used tohold people socializing during dances and otheractivities during weekdays. The central programspace should accommodate 300 with adjoininglounge space for 100.

300 x 10 SF = 3,000 SF100 x 15 SF = I,5OO SF

TOTAL 4,500 SF

(3) Small Group. As Centers become larger,less and less overlap occurs with small groupspaces. Individual space requirements in Chap-ter 4 govern:

2

1

2

1

enclosed multipurpose spaces for 30 peopleinvolved with private meetings, music,taping of music, etc. (150 SF each)open multipurpose space for 30 peopleinvolved in quiet activities (150 SF each)enclosed spaces for 10 people involved innoisy activities (150 SF each)open space for 10 people involved in cardplaying (150 SF each)

12

241

carrels for letter writing, record and tapelistening, music taping, and other individualactivities (30 SF each)jack locations in lounge areasactive game area for 2 pingpong tables, 8billiard tables, 4 air hockey machines, and10 pinball machines (3,785 SF)

(4) Special Interest. Separate space isrequired to accommodate 60 people involved inactivities or meetingSF).

(5) Refreshment.food service nearby,be incorporated into

space for 50 people (1200

Since there is no full-scalethere is a need for one tothis Center.

Figure 6-7 Spatial Diagram 27,800 SF Center

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers – Case

e . S U M M A R Y O F S P A T I A LREQUIREMENTS

Table 6-3. Spatial RequirementsCenter

Studies – January 1976

27,800 SF

Administrative SpacesInformation Tour & TravelControlAdministrative OfficesStorage

Large Group SpacesCentral Program SpacePlatformDressing, Storage, Loading

Small Group SpacesPantryTelephonesCarrels (12)Open Multipurpose (small) [1]Open Multipurpose (large) [1]Enclosed Multipurpose (small) [2]Enclosed Multipurpose (large) [2]TV/Meeting

Active GamesPingpongBilliardsElectric Games (not AAFES)Special Interest

AAFES Snack Bar & Games

Lobby

Service SpacesPublic ToiletsJanitor’s Closet

Net Total

Transition Space + Net to Gross @ 25%

TOTAL (Excluding Mechanical Space)

170400775400

4,500750

1,200

250300360150600300

1,2001,250

5002,0001,2851,200

3,450

500

65050

22,240

5,560

27,800

f. DESIGN SOLUTION. This scheme is orien-ted outwardly toward the views of the bayfrom the site; it incorporates a large outdoorterrace that serves the central program spaceand the snack bar as an overflow area as well ashouses many outdoor activities. The mildclimate of the area allows the building design toincorporate large areas of glass, especially onthe southern and northern facades, and to useskylight monitors to provide daylight in theinterior spaces of the building.

Because of noise problems, a dispersed spatialorganization is developed to isolate the noisyareas and buffer the open spaces. The activegame area is separated from the open centralspace by the enclosed small group activityspaces, which serve as sound barriers as well asenclose noisy activities. The snack bar and

active games area are separated to reduce noiseconflicts and functional and administrativeproblems.

The snack bar, special interest area, ITT, andtelephone lounge are located in close proximityto the lobby and restrooms because theyfunction during hours when the remainder ofthe Center is not open. Through the use ofrolling security screens mounted in the ceiling,these areas can be isolated from the rest of theCenter.

The central program space is designed as a largedepressed central area for dancing, exhibitions,and seating, with raised circulation spacesurrounding it, and lounges and presentationplatforms adjoining it. The dance area is ringedwith built-in seating steps that function asinformal seating during dances or demonstra-tions. Circulation to the dance floor is providedby a series of ramps which enclose the fireplacelounge; this serves a special functional purposeby accommodating the special needs of thephysically handicapped and incorporating it asan integral and important element of thedesign. The platform area of the central space isat the same level as the main Center floor tofacilitate the movement of heavy equipmentfrom the platform and storage areas to otherparts of the facility.

TV viewing areas are separated to reduceconflicts between those watching differentshows and shaped to provide the best viewingangles.

g. TECHNICAL SOLUTION. Because of thenumber of people using this building and itssize, its construction has to be fire-resistant andnon-combustible. Based on the economicanalysis at the time of design, the mostcost-effective construction wouId be poured-in-place concrete structural system with exposedwaffle slabs used throughout the building.

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6-5 FOUND SPACE

The following illustrates a case study of whatcan be done if there is not enough moneyavailable to construct a new Recreation Centerand if there is an existing building not currentlyin use which could possibly house a Center. Itshould be stressed that this is an illustrativeexample and that the local situation and needswill govern the outcome of this type ofendeavor. The purpose of this example is tooutline a procedure that should be followedand to illustrate a potential design for ahypothetical building.

a. EVALUATING FOUND SPACE. To eval-uate the suitability of an existing structure forreuse as a Recreation Center, the followingcriteria, in order of importance, must befulfilled:

(1) The structure should be permanent,

(2) It must be located in proximity tohousing, transportation, other recreation serv-ices, and PX facilities.

(3) It must be large enough to house a fullrange of programs; this will vary dependingupon installation population, successful pro-grams, and existing equipment.

(4) The site should be on a main circulationartery having post routes and have enoughspace for parking a minimum of 40 cars.

In addition to these criteria, the building musthave the following critical features: a largespace suitable for a central program area;

Figure 6-10 Plan Found Space Building

adequate utility service for loads outlined inChapter 2; and a suitable physical condition toenable economical remodeling. Another desir-able feature is a building which has a totallyopen interior, providing greater flexibility andease of remodeling.

b. PROGRAMMING FOUND SPACE. Oncethe building has been determined to be suitablefor use as a Recreation Center, a spacerequirements list is developed. There is asignificant difference between developing foundspace requirements and developing new spacerequirements. Found space must conform tothe structural, spatial, and environmentalservice limitations of the existing structure andthe budget limitations for remodeling as well asbeing responsive to the recreation program andactivities of the Center. Therefore, beforeplanning can begin, a budget and surveydrawings must be developed.

(1) Budget. The availability of funds forremodeling will have a great impact on planningby limiting the modifications that can be madeto an existing structure. For example, if limitedfunds are available, the Recreation Centerprograms including activities, people, andequipment would have to fit into the buildingspaces as they exist without improvements. Ifsufficient funds were available, interior demoli-tion and complete remodeling could take place,fitting the building to the Recreation Centerprogram. Therefore, a realistic determination offunds must be developed.

(2) Survey Drawings. To plan the Center, anaccurate survey of the building should beavailable which indicates the sizes of existingspaces and the structural and environmentalsystems of the building. The budget for theproject will be determined by what has to bedone to the building to make it usable to housethe recreation program within the constraintsof the available funds. The priorities of theRecreation Center program have to determinewhat modifications are most important, andwhat are the least important. For example, ifthe program planning indicates that the mostimportant space requirement is a large centralprogram area and the existing building requires

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extensive modification to accommodate thisneed, this requirement should take precedenceover other less important changes and would beincluded in the construction within a limitedbudget.

The planning of the Recreation Center programshould follow the same procedure as outlined inChapter 2, and should be guided by the criteriaand principles stated in Chapters 4 and 5. Thedifference is that many of the space require-ments will have to be modified to meet theconstraints of the existing structure. However,the design of a Found Space Center should havethe same design objectives of new construction— it should maximize social interaction and thepatron’s freedom of choice to pursue interestsand activities.

c. SITUATION. The installation is located inthe southeastern part of the country and has amilitary population of 4,401 permanent partypersonnel. An existing Center is located in atemporary building which has serious structuralfaults. The post commander has decided thatthe Recreation Center should be located in oneof the several permanent buildings not cur-rently being used.

d. CURRENT USAGE. The Center now beingused has approximately 125-175 people inattendance during weekday peak activity hours.When there are large group events, theattendance may include as many as 400patrons.

A fulI range of regular programs is provided atthis Center. In addition, there is growingparticipation in special interest programs;however, these do not represent a major part ofthe Center’s activities.

The Center is operated by two full-timerecreation professionaIs. It is anticipated thatthe Center usage will remain fairly constantwhen the Center is moved to the found space,which is approximately the same size as theexisting Center.

e. PLANNED A C T I V I T I E S A N D P R O -GRAMS.

(1) Administrative. The two staff membersare involved in planning and supervising theprograms of the Center. While one is involved in

the programs in the Center, the othermember operates the Control Center and

(2) Large Group. There are usually

staffITT.

fourplanned weekly group functions; attendance isanticipated to range from 200-250 people inthe Found Space Center. These activities areFriday night dances, Saturday night socials,Sunday night films and popcorn, and Wednes-day night bingo. The Center will be usedoccasionally for Commander’s Calls withapproximately 50 people in attendance, and forunit parties of about 200 people.

(3) Small Group. The Center currently has 4billiard tables and one pingpong table; becauseof budgetary reasons, it has been decided not toadd any more game equipment in the Center. Ithas been anticipated that approximately 30people will watch TV during a normal evening.Recorded music and drama listening has been apopular activity. Informal combo practice is apopular activity occurring frequently. It usuallyconsists of from 1-6 persons practicing withapproximately 5-10 onlookers. Sometimespatrons tape such activities or tape programspeakers; an in-house audio/taping systemenables this process.

(4) Special Interest. Among the specialinterest activities scheduled twice weekly arethe gourmet cooking club with 15 members andcoin collecting club with about 40 members. Itis felt by the members and staff that they coulduse an enclosed multipurpose space for theirmeetings. In addition, there are classes of 10-40people that meet as a particular subjectbecomes popular or interesting.

Based on the current and planned activities andrequirements, an existing building consisting of11,850 SF was determined as the building mostsuitable for the Center; it has two large spacesof 2000 SF each. Funds were available for someremodeling and interior demolition.

f. SPACES REQUIRED.

(1) Large Group. A central program area isthe most critical space requirement. TO

adequately house the local recreation program,it has to accommodate 200 people for films and250 people for dances.200 x 8 SF/person = 1,600 SF250 x 15 SF/person = 3,000 SF

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The largest existing space is 2,100 SF. This isconsidered to be large enough if an adjoininglounge area is provided by demolishing someinterior partitions.

(2) Small Group. A pool room is the mostcritical space for smaII group activities, whichmust be at least 22’ wide to permit shootingwithout interference and be large enough tohouse 4 tables, or 1,000 SF. If pingpong isincluded, this would require an additional 2tables, or 500 SF. The resultant space wouldhave to be 26’ x 57’ for two rows of tables.

(3) Other. The other critical spaces wouldbe a large enclosed multipurpose room forcombo practice, meetings, or other activities,and a TV lounge for 30 viewers. The remainingspaces can be adapted from Chapter 3 to fit thestructure after the above activities are housed.g . S U M M A R Y O F S P A T I A LREQUIREMENTSTable 6-4. Spatial Requirements Found Space

Administrative SpacesControlAdministrative OfficesITTStorage

Large Group ActivitiesCentral Program SpacePlatform (to be part of the centralprogram space)Storage, Dressing, Loading

Small Group ActivitiesPantryTelephonesCarrels (3)Enclosed MultipurposeEnclosed MultipurposeOpen MultipurposeTV/MeetingsActive Games

BilliardsPingpong

AAFES Vending & Games

Lobby

Service SpacesPublic ToiletsJanitor’s closet

Net Total

(small)(large)

275400

25300

2,100

500

2501009 0

150600600600

1,000500

850

350

45050

9,190

Transition Space + Net to Gross @ 25% 2,300

TOTAL (Excluding Mechanical Space) 11,490*

*Because of the complications involved infitting a program into existing space, addi-tional square footage may be required.

h. DESIGN SOLUTION. The existing buildinglent itself to remodeling with the followingalterations:The entry was relocated to the corner of theentry court so that it would be controlled fromthe information desk.

The overall planning of the Center was based onthe existing linear scheme developed by twolarge spaces separated by a corridor. In theremodeling, one of these spaces became thecentral program area and the other the activegames area. This enabled the two activities tobe located using the existing mechanical spaceas an acoustical buffer between them. Thecorridor was developed as a transitional spacelinking the control desk, the central programarea, and the active game area with the smallgroup activities located in existing spaces alongthe spine.For economic reasons, it was decided to spendmost of the budget in developing an adequatelarge group space and to fit the small groupactivities into existing spaces. Therefore, thelarge open multipurpose area was located in anexisting 450 SF space. Because the large groupactivities held at the Center are usually notoriented toward presentation-type events, itwas deemed advisable to have a smallerplatform than usual and to locate it in a cornerto permit greater flexibility in the use of thecentral space. The central space was designedwith a stepped-up platform that diagonallyspans the space, breaking it up into smallermore intimate lounges without reducing thespace’s ability to house large group activ-ities, such as dances and bingo.

The other large space was divided to house theactive games and the AAFES vending machinearea. Because of spatial restrictions, this lessthan desirable proximity was acceptable.

In order to make the Center’s new locationmore visible to the installation’s population, theexterior entry court is to be painted withsupergraphics.

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Figure 6-11 Plan Found Space Center

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Design Guide: Recreation Centers –

6-6 REMODELED SPACE

a. SITUATION. Since Marchtion Centers (formerly Service

Case Studies – January 1976

of 1955, Recrea-Clubs) were built

from standard designs. Reviewing the success ofthese designs, several inherent strengths andweaknesses are apparent. In response to thechanging demands placed on these facilities, aremodeling program should be developed whichwould retain the good features and correct theproblems of the standard designs.

Inherent design strengths are the segregation ofconflicting activities, a minimum of circulationwith independent access to all spaces, andmaximum control of the Center from the desk.

Major weaknesses are the result of changingrecreational attitudes and needs, which requirethat spaces be adaptable to new programs andactivities as old programs are phased out. Forinstance, the original program for Service Clubswas based on events such as “big band” dancesin which a large crowd of dancers and a numberof musicians would use the auditorium space.Current recreational programs must accom-modate a myriad of small group activities. Newprograms such as ITT and special interest, andnew activities such as coffeehouse and rapsessions have particular spatial needs whichwere not originally considered in the standarddesigns. In addition to programming problems,certain technological and design deficienciessuch as soundproofing and a negative institu-tional appearance are also evident.

Since not all Centers face the same problemsand economic constraints vary, the planning ofany remodeling should be based on the localRecreation Center programs, the needs of thepatrons and staff, and the physical condition ofthe Center facility. The intent of this case studyis to show a series of modifications that canchange an existing Center, incrementallycorrecting some of the more common prob-lems. While these examples are taken from the27,800 SF standard design, similar renovationscan also be made to other size Centers.

b. REMODELING PROCEDURE. Analyze theexisting Center in terms of its capacity to housethe desired programs. The following questionsshould be answered:

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

What are the programs we want to run in theCenter?

Can the existing building support theseprograms?

What is right with the existing building andshould be retained in the remodeling?

What is wrong with the facility and shouldbe changed?

How will these changes affect the social andrecreational programming?

How much money can be spent?

Will it be accomplished at one time or in aseries of small changes?

What are the Center’s priorities?

Which problems have the most impact onthe Center’s social programming and shouldbe corrected first?

From the answers to these questions aremodeling program can be developed whichstates the problems that must be solved and thejustification for funds to solve these problems.To establish this program and justification forfunds, the issue reports should be developed bythe Center staff and patrons and organizedaccording to their impact on the Center’soperation. These issue reports should include:

(1) A Supported Statement of the Problemto be Addressed, i.e., there is too much noise,no space for special interest, no ITT, etc.

(2) A Statement of the Specific Attributesof the Context in which the Problem Exists,i.e., concurrent activities create serious noiseproblems in the current central program space;clubs are not forming and special interests arenot being developed because there is no suitablespace for meeting; there are no on-post traveland tour services available on the installation.

(3) Changes Required to Correct the Prob-lem. A tentative statement of the solution tothe problem to be further developed withengineering assistance; i.e., partition part of theballroom to become a special interest room;provide sound insulation, sound absorptivematerials, and solid core wood doors in noisyareas; provide an ITT desk in the lobby takingadvantage of excess utility space.

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(4) A Statement of the Evidence Required.Evidence to support the importance of theproblem, the accuracy of the context descrip-tion, and the appropriateness of the solution,i.e., indications of patron interest or concernabout the problem, indications of mission orlife safety impacts, etc.

(5) Costs. The using service should seekprofessional assistance to review changes andtheir cost implications from the DistrictEngineers to develop a realistic budget for theproject.

(6) Priorities. According to the impact onthe Center’s social programming the list ofproblems, contexts and solutions should betabulated according to the priorities. Forexample, the noise problem affects all aspectsof the Center’s functioning including theproposed special interest space; therefore itshould have a high priority and be accom-plished first.

(7) Phasing. Timing and sequence problemsshould be considered and listed, such as mustthe Center be closed during the alterations, andis there a sequence of construction operationswhich must be followed to allow the Center tofunction during the remodeling?

c. CHANGING THE CENTER. As an aid, thisguide can be used to demonstrate what shouldhappen in a Center and provide ideas andcriteria for making changes for remodeling. Thefollowing shows what can be done with theexisting Center to incorporate some of theseideas as an example. The planning and design ofthe remodeling for a particular Center must bebased on local problems and needs.

Based on the severity of the problems, priorityfor change, and availability of funds, the Centercan be changed in several ways; it can beredecorated, which requires a minimum ofconstruction and usually implies the use ofapplied materials to make changes and can onlyaffect the Center minimally. To change theCenter significantly, the Center can be remod-eled, which requires adding new constructionand changing the existing construction; thisaffects the Center maximally. The followingresponses contain both recommendations.

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Problem 1: Each space is required to handletoo many incompatible activities. The designdoes not support any activity because it is tooflexible and lacks the necessary features todefine the space and its intended and potentialuses.

Response: Use this guide to evaluate thecurrent recreation program, set new spaceallocations, and compare them to the 1955design standards. Table 6-5 demonstrates such acomparison.

Table 6-5. Comparison of 1955 StandardDesign and Design Guide Criteria, 27,800 SFCenters.

Administrative Spaces 1955 DGITT 0 150Control Center 770 800Administrative Offices 725 775

Large Group SpacesBallroom 6,080 0Central Program Space O 4 , 6 3 5Stage 1,435 0Platform o 750Dressing, Storager Loading 1 , 7 3 8 1 , 2 0 0

Small Group SpacesPantryTelephonesCarrellsMusic RoomOpen MultipurposeTV/MeetingActive GamesReading/WritingSpecial InterestEnclosed Multipurpose

80198

0650675650

1,7671,610

00

250300360

0750

1,2503,670

01,2001,200

AAFES Snack Bar and Games 3,934 3,450

Lobby

Service SpacesPublic Toilets 983 650Janitor’s Closet 122 50

ž Which have to be separated?

ž Which activities don’t have a supportiveenvironment?

ž What modifications have to be made?

Significant changes can be made withoutremodeling by relocating activities and usingfurniture and wall and color treatments todivide large spaces. Also, by using movablespace dividing screens, plants, and other openoffice planning techniques, the effectiveness ofthe space can be increased.

Further changes require remodeling of thefacility, such as the addition of carrels, smallbuilt-in lounges, built-in seating, or theenclosure of noisy activities.

Establish a new space-use program based on theevaluation.

• Which activities have similar requirementsand can overlap?

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Problem 2: The large ballroom is dysfunc-

tionate because it is too large for mostprograms; it is out of scale when not filled withpeople and has poor lighting.

Response: The most effective changes to thisproblem can only be brought about byremodeling; however, some significant changescan be made by redecorating.

Redecorate: Decrease the apparent size by

dividing the space into activity areas usingmovable screens, large floor and hanging plants;suspending lightweight panels from the ceiling,such as plywood disks, stretched fabric panels,or banners and flags. These suspended panelscan be used horizontally to reduce ceilingheights or vertically to decrease room size.Activity areas can also be created by the paintand color scheme.

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Remodel: Break down the space by addingsmall group activity spaces, by using raisedareas, half-height partitions, built-in seating forlounge and game-playing areas.

Project the stage into the central space withstepped platforms and reduce its size; use theexisting stage for storage; use the existingstorage as a pantry.

Drop panels from the ceiling to define loungeareas and reduce scale.

Develop stem-mounted, multi-circuit lightingtrack system for flexible lighting. Reduce thenumber of ceiling mounted light fixtures.

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Problem 3: New programs have been addedafter plans were developed and do not havespace allocated to them.

Response: Redecorate: Change the functionof spaces: the quiet reading room could becomea Special Interest room if a storage wall andcounter are added. Add functions to existingspace: a free-standing ITT office and loungecould be developed in the lobby space.

Remodel: Reduce the size of the ballroom anduse the remaining space for new programs.

Figure 6-14 Renovations for Special Interest Room, TV Lounge and ITT Booth

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Problem 4: The exist ing Center has aninstitutionalized appearance; the image of theCenter should be informal, non-military, andprovide a change of pace from the dutyenvironment. This institutionalized appearanceis conveyed by the Center’s large spaces, longcorridors, use of materials, color schemes,uniform lighting systems, and lack of identitymarkers.

Response: Redecorate: Change paint schemesby asking soldiers to indicate preferences ofcolors from TM 5-807-7. Don’t use wainscottreatment; change interior finishes.

Cover exposed block walls with differentmaterial – i.e., fabric panels, gypsum wall-board, paneling, vinyl wall covering, orcarpeting on floors. This will also reduce thesound level.

Create a Center identity by employing adistinctive and unified graphic treatment usingthe Center’s name or logo or supergraphics toindicate space identification or intended use.

Remodel: Redesign the lighting system to bemore activity-oriented with changes in lightlevel rather than the existing uniform scheme.Use special lighting effects and dimmers; thiswould also conserve energy.

Develop new spatial configurations by usingbuilt-in furniture and low partitions to definethe spaces; demolish walls, introduce levelchanges, drop ceiling panels, and reorganizecirculation system.

Problem 5: Because of the hard surfacesthroughout the Centers, the building lackssound absorption qualities, creating a tremen-dous acoustical problem. Additional problemsexist because this sound is transmitted betweenspaces.

Response: The solution to the problem istwo-fold: absorb as much sound as possible inthe space where it is generated and preventsound from escaping into other spaces.

Redecorate: Separate confIicting acitvities bylocating other activities between them.

Add absorptive materials where possible, suchas fabric acoustical wall panels, fiberglass soundabsorption panels in active game areas andenclosed multipurpose space; carpet floors; addsound baffles to ceiling; change doors to solidcore wood doors with sound insulating seals;seal cracks between spaces.

Remodel: Enclose noisy activities with sound-proof wal ls which would have a soundtransmission rating of +40 dB or greater andwith a sound barrier installed above the ceilingand coincident to the partition. Install acous-tical tile ceilings in noisy areas with an NCRequal to .85 and STC equal to 35 dB or greater.Where possible, erect sound baffles at doorwaysof noisy activity spaces.

Eliminate openings between spaces wherepossible, such as louvers, return air grilles, etc.,install sound baffles in ventilating system.

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Problem 6: The exterior design of the building Problem 7:

fails to attract people into the Center. outside social

Response: The solution is to increase thepasserby’s awareness of the Center and theactivities taking place within. To do so, theCenter’s exterior should be made as distinctiveand attractive as possible.

Redecorate: Landscape site around Centerwith plantings. Paint Center with an attractiveand distinctive color scheme. Install signage toannounce events and activities.

Remodel: Develop a landscaped entry courtwith trees, benches, and integrated lighting asoutlined in Chapter 4-8.2.

Figure 6-15 Entry Court Redesign

The Centers lack any meaningfulspaces and recreational areas.

Response: Redecorate: Install plantings aroundexisting patio to extend it visually. Add newseating areas that use loose paving materials,such as gravel and tan bark. Install outdoorseating arranged in small groups.

Remodel: Based on an analysis of the site andlocal climatic conditions, the existing concretepatio can be remodeled and enhanced throughthe addition of a terraced outdoor platform,low walls, planters, tree pits, and built-inoutdoor benches. Materials other than plainconcrete, such as brick or stone pavers, exposed-aggregate concrete, tan bark, and railroad tiesshould be used if local climate and economicspermit. The outside recreational areas shouldconform to Chapter 4-8.1 of this design guide.

Figure 6-16 Terrace Redesign

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Figure 6-17 Remodeled Center

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