Unification in Germany and Italy

Agenda

• Bell Ringer: What is the video clip depicting?1. Lecture: German and Italian Unification.2. Compare and Contrast German and Italian Unification.3. Map Activity, German Unification, 1871. (Next Class)4. Primary documents, Otto Von Bismarck.5. Bismarck, a social portrait…6. Review Guide

Unification in Italy• 1848, Mazzini and other nationalist

leaders that want unification are in exile.– Do not trust Cavour, believe he is

greedy. • Camillo de Cavour from Sardinia was

like the Otto Von Bismarck of Italy. • Takeover of Northern Italy occurred

after he gained support from France and Prussia.– Napoleon III aided against Austria.

• He conquered Northern Italy, while Garibaldi took Southern Italy.

Italian Unification• Garibaldi would use the

“red shirts” to spread nationalism through Southern Italy, then gave the entire thing to Sardinia.

• Italy was unified through Garibaldi’s departure in 1866.

• Unfortunately, tension would rise between Northern industry, and Southern agriculture.

Unification in Germany• Prussia was a stronger

population of Germans.• Wilhelm saw any dissent

from Parliament as a challenge to his power.

• He would appoint Otto Von Bismarck as prime minister. (1862)

• Realpolitik – The politics of reality.

• Bismarck would rule without Parliament.

Tension leads to Unification…• Austria-

– Prussians victorious in the Seven Weeks War against Austria. (1866)

– They would surrender territory to Germany/Prussia.

• France– Bismarck alters a telegram towards

France and the French declare war over the insult in 1870.

– He did this to unify southern Catholic States with Prussia.

– They ended up taking 80,000 prisoners, including Napoleon III.

• 1871, Germany created with Kaiser Wilhelm the first ruler of the “Second Reich”

Map for Activity

Objectives

1. Who is the Prime Minister of Prussia? 2. What policy does he follow to unify the Germanic States?3. How is France involved in both Unification movements?4. How is Austria treated by the Germanic States? Why is Prussia so

much stronger?5. What becomes dominant in Germany through Otto Von Bismarck?6. When does Germany unify? 7. Who attempts to unify Northern Italy?8. Who attempts to unify Southern Italy?9. How is Italy formally unified? When? 10. Why are there tensions between Northern and Southern Italy?