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FraL 11
Une révision des temps de verbes
A verb in its natural, non-conjugated form. Used whenever a verb has no subject: 2nd
verb, general instruction, after a preposition or on it’s own.
All French verbs fall into one of three ‘families’ each of which follows the same general conjugation rules. (many exceptions though!): ER IR (OIR) RE
L’InfinitifDanser = To dance
For all actions that occur in the present
(except for giving orders and 2 events that happen simultaneously) One word. Generally, drop the –er, -ir or –re
and add the ending. However - Many, many exceptions! Je - e/s (x) Tu - (e)s/(x) Il - e/nothing (t) Nous - ons Vous - ez Ils - ent
Le PrésentJe danse = I dance / I am dancing / I do
dance
Used for past actions that were isolated (not
repeated an unspecified number of times) and completed.
TWO WORDS: An auxiliary verb and the past participle. Auxiliary: Either Avoir or Être in the present tense.
Être is for ‘Vandertramp’ verbs and pronominal verbs, Avoir is for all others.
Past participle: Several exceptions but generally: ER – é IR- i RE - u
Le Passé ComposéJ’ai dansé = I danced/I did dance/ I have
danced
Used for past actions that are habitual (repeated),
incomplete (interrupted) or non-actions (feelings and descriptions).
One word formed from a ‘root’ and and ‘ending’. Root: Take ‘nous’ in the present tense and drop the ‘-
ons’ ending. (one exception : etre -> et-) Endings:
Je-ais Tu-ais Il-ait Nous-ions Vous-iez Ils-aient
L’ImparfaitJe dansais=I was dancing/I used to dance/I
danced
Used for all past actions that took place prior
to another past action. (the past of the past)
TWO WORDS: Auxiliary and past participle. Auxiliary: Etre or Avoir in the IMPARFAIT. Past participle: Same as for the passe
compose.
Le Plus-que-parfaitJ’avais dansé = I had danced/I had been
dancing
Used for future actions. (Generally ones that are
further in the future) One word formed of a root and an ending.
Root: Most verbs use their infinitive form (ER/IR/RE). For –RE verbs drop the final ‘E’ so the root always ends in an ‘R’. Also, almost 20 exceptions to memorise.
Ending: ‘Avoir’ in the present tense, except for ‘nous’ and ‘vous’ which lose the ‘av-’. Je-ai Tu-as Il-a Nous-ons Vous-ez Ils-ont
Le Futur SimpleJe danserai = I will dance
Used for all conditional actions (would
________ /could/should in English. One word formed by combining a root and an
ending. Root: Same as the FUTUR SIMPLE Endings: Same as the IMPARFAIT
Le ConditionnelJe danserais = I would dance
Not another verb tense, rather a different MODE. Used
for possible or desired actions that likely do not already exist in reality. Almost always preceded but QUE… (however ‘que’ is not always followed by the subjunctive!) Used more often in French than in English. (may)
One word formed from a root and an ending. Root: For je,tu,il and ils – Use ‘ils’ in the present
indicative minus the –ent. For nous/vous – use ‘nous’ in the present minus the –ons.
Endings: je – e / tu – es / il – e / nous – ions / vous – iez / ils – ent.
9 exceptions to memorise: Avoir/Être/Savoir/Vouloir/ Pouvoir/Pleuvoir/Falloir/Aller/Faire/Valoir
Le SubjonctifQue je danse… = that I dance
L’impératif: For giving orders
Similar to the present tense, some differences. Only conjugated with ‘tu’, ‘nous’ or ‘vous’ In the affirmative the pronouns are placed AFTER the verb:
Lève-toi!
Le futur proche: For events in the near future Formed with ‘aller’ in the present tense + the verb in its
infinitive form
Le passé récent: For very recent past actions Three words: The verb ‘venir’ in the present tense + de + the
verb in its infinitive form. (J’ai juste dansé – does NOT exist!)
Les Autres:Dansez! = Dance!
Je vais danser = I’m going to danceJe viens de danser = I just dansed
Futur Antérieur: The past of the future. Describes an action that
will have already happened when another action occurs. Composed verb: Auxiliary (être/avoir) in the futur simple + the past
participle.
Conditionnel Passé: The past of the conditional. Describes an action that would have happened if another had been true. (regrets!) Composed verb: Auxiliary (être/avoir) in the present conditional + the
past participle.
Subjonctif Passé: The past of the present subjunctive. Composed verb: Auxiliary (être/avoir) in the present subjunctive + the
past participle.
Infinitif Passé: The past of the infinitive (when a 2nd action or action after a preposition (Après!) occured in the past.) Composed verb: Auxiliary (être/avoir) + past participle
Les Autres : PassésJ’aurai dansé = I will have danced
J’aurais dansé = I would have dancedQue j’aie dansé… = that I might/may have danced
Avoir dansé = to have danced
L’année prochaine!!
Les ParticipesEn dansant = by dancing/while dancing
Dansé = dancedAyant dansé = having danced