Upload
phamdang
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
202
Sub-Indices Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Labour Supply(0.4)
Enrolment(0.25)
Enrolment Rates in TVET
1UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Social Justice(0.25)
TVET Enrolment Proportion of Fe-
males as % of Total Enrolment in TVET
Programmes
1
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2012). Global Education Digest 2012: Opportunities Lost: The
Impact of Grade Repetition and Early School Leaving. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved September 30, 2015, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/ les/resources/global-education-
digest-opportunities-lost-impact-grade-repetition-early-school-leaving-2012-en.pdf.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2011). Global Ed-ucation Digest 2011. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved September 30, 2015 from:
http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/ged-2011-ar.pdf.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2012). Global Education Digest 2012: Opportunities Lost: The
Impact of Grade Repetition and Early School Leaving. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved September 30, 2015, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/ les/resources/global-education-
digest-opportunities-lost-impact-grade-repetition-early-school-leaving-2012-en.pdf.
Expendi-ture
(0.25)
Expenditure on Education as % of Total Government
Expenditure
0.5UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Expenditure on Edu-cation as % of GDP
0.5UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Govern-ance(0.25)
Institutional Index for the Management
of Technical and Vocational Education and Training Systems (Centralised/Decen-
tralised)
0.5
ETF. (2014). Cartographie de la Gouvernance de la Formation Professionnelle en Algerie. Fondation Eu-
ropeenne pour la Formation. Retrieved September 30, 2015 from: www.etf.europa.eu/webatt.nsf/0/F0395D47E1EE98F3C1257E7A0035E8E4/$ le/Alge-
ria_mapping%20VET%20governance_FR.pdf.
Partnership with the Private Sector
0.5 ALECSO: Arab Educational Observatory. (2012). Education in the Arab World 2012. Retrieved August
30, 2015 from: http://www.alecso.org/site/.
Labour De-mand(0.4)
Social Returns
Unemployment, total (% of total labour
force)0.16 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-
trieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Unemployment, youth total (% of to-tal labour force ages
15-24)0.34 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-
trieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Unemployment, female (% of female
labour force)0.5 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-
trieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Table A2:
Technical Vocational Education and Training Index: Indicators and Weights
Annex
203
Entrepreneurship(0.2)
Education and Train-ing Policies Support-ing Entrepreneurship
1/3
ETF. (2015). Processus de Turin 2014: Sud et Est de la Mediterranee. Fondation Europeenne de la Formation. Retrieved September 30, 2015 from:
www.etf.europa.eu/webatt.nsf/0/8010C99F2432ACD3C1257E58005FFB81/$ le/TRP%202014%20
SEMED_FR.pdf.
Ease of Doing Busi-ness 1/3
World Bank. (2014). Doing Business 2015: Going Beyond Ef ciency. Washington D.C.: International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development & The World Bank. Retrieved September 30, 2015
from: www.doingbusiness.org/ /media/GIAWB/Doing%20Business/Documents/Annual-Reports/
English/DB15-Full-Report.pdf.
New Business Den-sity 1/3
World Bank. (2015). Doing Business: Measuring Business Regulations. The World Bank. Retrieved September 5, 2015 from: www.doingbusiness.org/
data/exploretopics/entrepreneurship.
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
204
Sub-Indices
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Hig
her
Ed
uca
tion
In
pu
ts (
0.30
) Enabling
Environments 1/6
Political stability and ab-sence of violence
0.5 World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indica-tors. Retrieved September 23, 2015 from: http://
info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports.Government effectiveness 0.5
Expenditure
1/6
Government expenditure on tertiary education as %
of GDP (%)0.2
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.
uis.unesco.org/.
Expenditure on tertiary as % of total government
expenditure (%)0.2
Government expenditure per tertiary student
0.2
All staff compensation as % of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions
(%)
0.2
Capital expenditure as % of total expenditure in tertiary
public institutions (%)0.2
Enrolment
1/6
Enrolment in tertiary education, ISCED 6 & 7 programmes, both sexes
(number)
1/6UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Enrolment in tertiary education, ISCED 8
programmes, both sexes (number)
1/6
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.
uis.unesco.org/.Gross enrolment rate, ter-tiary Education, female
1/6
Gross enrolment rate, ter-tiary education, male
1/6
Difference between the percentage of students
enrolled in sciences pro-grammes and that of those
enrolled in humanities, arts, social science, busi-
ness and law programmes, both sexes (%)
1/6 Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Difference in enrolment rates between private and
public institutions1/6
Human Re-sources
1/6
Pupil-teacher ratio in ter-tiary education (headcount
basis)0.5
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.
uis.unesco.org/.Percentage of teachers in tertiary education who are
female (%)0.5
Student Ex-change
1/3
mobile students (inbound - outbound), both sexes
(number)
0.5UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Proportion of students studying in Arab countries from the total number of students studying abroad
0.5
Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Higher Education Pro-cesses (0.10)
Existence of a national body to ensure the quality of tertiary education and
the state level
1 Background Research by the Arab Knowledge Index Team.
Table A3:
Higher Education Index: Indicators and Weights
Annex
205
Sub-Indices
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Hig
her
Ed
uca
tion
Ou
tpu
ts (
0.60
)
Graduation
(0.122)
Proportion of graduates in ISCED 6 and 7 to the number of inhabitants
1/3 Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Proportion of graduates in ISCED 8 to the number of
inhabitants1/3
Difference between the percentage of graduates
from sciences programmes and that of graduates from
humanities, arts, social science, business and law programmes, both sexes
(%)
1/3
Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data
Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Employment
(0.378)
Labour force with tertiary education (% of total)
0.25World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-trieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.Labour force with tertiary
education, female (% of female labour force)
0.25
Unemployment of gradu-ates of tertiary education,
male (%)0.25 Index Team Calculations based on data from:
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.
uis.unesco.org/.Unemployment of gradu-ates of tertiary education,
female (%)0.25
Knowledge Capital
Among High-er Education
Students
(0.5)
Scores of students in problem-solving skills
0.1
UNDP & Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report
2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair.
Scores of students in the Arabic written communica-
tion skill0.1
Scores of students in the skill of using foreign lan-guage (English/French)
0.1
Scores of students in the skill of searching for and processing information
0.1
Scores of students in the skill of using technology
0.1
Scores of students in cul-tural effectiveness
0.1
Scores of students in soci-etal effectiveness
0.1
Scores of students in eco-nomic effectiveness
0.1
Scores of students in citi-zenship and belonging
0.1
Scores of students in open-ness and global intercom-
munication0.1
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
206
Sub-Indices
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Dir
ect
Ind
icat
ors
(0.5
)
Infrastruc-ture and Digital Content
(0.34)
Electricity produc-tion, kWh/capita
0.18 World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved August 14, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Extent of mobile network coverage as a percentage of
population
0.205
Internet band-width, kb/s per
user 0.205
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
Number of Secure Internet servers
per million inhab-itants
0.205
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Access to digital content
0.205
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2014). The Global Information Technology Report 2014: Rewards and
Risks of Big Data. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/
docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Affordabil-ity of Tele-
commu-nication Services
(0.16)
Prepaid mobile phone tariffs, PPP
$ per minute0.375
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved August 14, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Fixed broadband Internet tariffs,
PPP $per month0.375
Extent of compe-tition in telephony
and Internet sectors
0.25
Usage by Individu-als, Com-
panies and Govern-
ment (0.5)
Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
0.06
ITU. (2014). ITU Statistics. International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.itu.int/en/
ITU-D/ Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx.
Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
0.08
Broadband Inter-net subscriptions
per 100 inhabitants0.06
Proportion of households with
radio0.06
ITU. (2014). ITU Statistics. International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.itu.int/en/
ITU-D/ Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx.
Proportion of households with
television0.06
Proportion of households with a
computer0.06
Proportion of households with Internet service
0.06
Proportion of indi-vidual users of the
Internet0.08
Extent of social networks usage
0.06
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Table A4:
Information and Communications Technology Index: Indicators and Weights
Annex
207
Sub-Indices
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Ind
irec
t In
dic
ator
s (0
.5)
Usage by Individu-als, Com-
panies and Govern-
ment
Extent of insti-tutional level of
modern technolo-gy absorption
0.06 World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Extent of busi-ness-to-business
Internet use0.06
Extent of individ-ual-to-business
Internet use0.06
Extent of staff training
0.06
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
Establishing ICT in the future vision
of the state0.06
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
E-government services
0.06
Level of govern-ment success in developing ICT
0.6
Education (0.26)
Quality of primary education
0.115 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
Quality of math and science edu-
cation0.115
Secondary educa-tion enrolment rate
0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Adult literacy rate 0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Rate of schools with Internet
access0.115
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
Enrolment rate in vocational educa-
tion0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved
October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Enrolment rate in higher education
0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.
Extent of universi-ty staff training
0.108 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
Quality of univer-sity education
0.115
Economy (0.4)
Effectiveness of law-making bodies
0.07 World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.Laws relating to
ICT0.07
Judicial indepen-dence
0.07
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
legal system in settling disputes
0.07
Intellectual proper-ty protection
0.08
Software piracy rate
0.08
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
208
Sub-Indi-ces
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Ind
irec
t In
dic
ator
s (0
.5)
Economy
Number of pro-cedures required
to enforce a contract
0.07 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015, from data.worldbank.org.
Number of days required to en-force a contract
0.07 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015, from data.worldbank.org.
Availability of lat-est technologies
in business0.07 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness
Report 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/
gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.Venture capital availability
0.07
Total tax rate 0.07
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_
GITR2015.pdf.
Time required to start a business
0.07 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015, from data.worldbank.org.
Number of pro-cedures required to start a business
0.07 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015, from data.worldbank.org.
Intensity of local competition
0.07
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
Research and In-
novation (0.16)
Capacity of the state for innova-
tion0.5
Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO. (2015). The Global Inno-vation Index 2015. Effective Innovation Policies for Development. Fontainebleau, Ithaca, and Geneva. Retrieved November 14, 2015, from https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/user les/ le/report-
pdf/gii-full-report-2015-v6.pdf.
Number of pat-ent applications
0.5
U.S. Patent and Trademark Of ce. (2015). Patent Counts by Country, State, and Year. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Patent and Trademark Of ce. Retrieved August 14, 2015, from http://www.uspto.gov/web/of c-
es/ac/ido/oeip/taf/cst_utl.htm.
Knowl-edge for Devel-opment (0.18)
Impact of ICT on new services
& products0.15
World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-
clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_
GITR2015.pdf.
Impact of ICT on new organisa-
tional models0.15
Level of employ-ment in knowl-edge-intensive
activities
0.15
Impact of ICT on access to basic
services0.15
ICT use and -
ciency0.15
E-Participation 0.15
United Nations. (2014). E-Government Survey 2014: E-Government for the Future We Want. New York: United Nations. Retrieved Au-
gust, 13, 2015, from unpan3.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Docu-ments/un/2014-Survey/E-Gov_Complete_Survey-2014.pdf.
Healthcare 0.2WHO. (2015). Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Re-
trieved September 17, 2015, from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.680.
Annex
209
Sub-Indices
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Org
anis
atio
nal
Per
form
ance
an
d H
um
an R
esou
rces
(0.
5)
Openness to the Out-side World
(0.4)
Economic open-ness
1/3World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved
August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Fixed gross capital formation (% of
GDP)1/3
World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Tariff and non-tar-iff barriers
1/3 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitive-ness Report 2015-2016. Retrieved October 2, 2015, from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Glob-
al_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.Institu-tional
Organisa-tion of the Economy
(0.2)
Soundness of banks
0.25
Regulatory quality 0.25World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indicators. Re-
trieved September 23, 2015 from: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports.
Rule of law 0.25
Political stability 0.25
Institution-al Empow-erment of
the Econo-my (0.2)
Government effec-tiveness
1/3World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indicators. Re-
trieved September 23, 2015 from: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports.
Laws relating to ICTs
1/3
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth.
Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf
Domestic credit allocated to private sector (% of GDP)
1/3World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved
August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Human Resources
(0.2)
Total R&D per-sonnel
0.25UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Science, technol-ogy and innovation. Retrieved September 10, 2015 from:
http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx queryid=61.
Extent of staff training
0.25
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitive-ness Report 2015-2016. Retrieved October 2, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Glob-
al_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.
GDP per capita (current US $)
0.25World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved
August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Proportion of indi-vidual users of the
the Internet0.25
ITU. (2015). Percentage of individuals using the internet. Retrieved October 26, 2015 from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2015/Individu-
als_Internet_2000-2014.xls.
Table A5:
Economy Index: Indicators and Weights
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
210
Sub-Indices
Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources
Com
pet
itiv
enes
s an
d C
reat
ive
Dev
elop
men
t of
th
e E
con
omic
Str
uct
ure
(0.
3)
Competi-tiveness of Economic Structure
(2/3)
Number of proce-dures required to start a business
1/6World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved
August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Number of days required to start a
business1/6
World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Number of proce-dures required to enforce a contract
1/6World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved
August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Number of days required to enforce
a contract1/6
World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
direct investment1/6
World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Tax rate as a % of 1/6
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth.
Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Develop-ment of
Economic Structure
(1/3)
Expenditure on R&D
0.2UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Science, tech-
nology and innovation. Retrieved August 24, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx queryid=74.
Rate of value add-ed of manufactur-
ing % of GDP0.2
World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Government online service index
0.2
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth.
Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Venture capital availability
0.2 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitive-ness Report 2015-2016. Retrieved October 2, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Glob-
al_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.Intensity of local
competition0.2
Econ
omy-R
elated IC
T (0.2)
Techno-logical
Knowledge Exchange
in the Economy
(0.5)
High-tech exports 1/3World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Re-trieved September 10, 2015 from: http://data.worldbank.
org/indicator/T .VAL.TECH.CD.
High-tech imports 1/3World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved
August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.
Volume of invest-ments in telecoms
1/3World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Re-trieved September 10, 2015 from: http://data.worldbank.
org/indicator/IE.PPI.TELE.CD.
Enabling Environ-
ment of the Economy
(0.5)
Mobile phone sub-scriptions
0.2
World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth.
Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf.
Prepaid mobile phone tariffs
0.2
Impact of ICTs on access to basic
services0.2
ICT use and gov-0.2
Government success in ICT
promotion0.2
Annex
211
Sub
-In
dic
esP
illar
sSu
b-P
illar
sIn
dic
ator
sW
eigh
tsSo
urc
es
Res
earc
h a
nd
D
evel
opm
ent
(0.4
)
Res
earc
h a
nd
De-
velo
pm
ent
Inp
uts
(0
.5)
Res
earc
h a
nd
D
evel
opm
ent
Ex-
pen
dit
ure
(0.
35)
GE
RD
as
a %
of
GD
P0.
4
UN
ESC
O I
nstit
ute
for S
tatis
tics.
(201
5). D
ata
Cen
tre.
Ret
rieve
d Ju
ly 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
://
data
.uis.
unes
co.o
rg/.
GE
RD
per
rese
arch
er0.
4
GE
RD
by
type
of
activ
ity (b
asic
rese
arch
-ap
plie
d re
sear
ch-e
xper
i-m
enta
l dev
elop
men
t)
0.2
Hu
man
Res
ourc
e fo
r R
esea
rch
an
d
Dev
elop
men
t (0
.45)
Res
earc
hers
per
mill
ion
inha
bita
nts
0.75
Inde
x Te
am C
alcu
latio
ns b
ased
on
data
from
: U
NE
SCO
Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
tistic
s. (2
015)
. Dat
a C
entr
e. R
etrie
ved
July
20,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttp:/
/dat
a.ui
s.une
sco.
org/
.
Num
ber o
f te
chni
cian
s an
d ot
her s
uppo
rtin
g st
aff
per m
illio
n in
habi
t-an
ts
0.25
Inde
x Te
am C
alcu
latio
ns b
ased
on
data
from
: UN
ESC
O I
nstit
ute
for S
tatis
tics.
(201
5). D
ata
Cen
tre.
Ret
rieve
d Ju
ly 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
://d
ata.
uis.u
nesc
o.or
g/.
Res
earc
h a
nd
De-
velo
pm
ent
Fu
nd
ing
Sou
rces
(0.
2)
GE
RD
by
sour
ce o
f fu
nds
1U
NE
SCO
Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
tistic
s. (2
015)
. Dat
a C
entr
e. R
etrie
ved
July
20,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttp:/
/da
ta.u
is.un
esco
.org
/.
Res
earc
h a
nd
D
evel
opm
ent
Ou
tpu
ts (
0.5)
-ti
ons
(0.4
)
Num
ber o
f pu
blic
atio
ns
per r
esea
rche
r per
yea
r0.
5In
dex
Team
Cal
cula
tions
bas
ed o
n da
ta fr
om: S
CIm
ago
Jour
nal &
Cou
ntry
Ran
k. (2
015)
. C
ount
ry S
earc
h. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 1
7, 2
015
from
: ww
w.sc
imag
ojr.c
om/c
ount
ryse
arch
.ph
pco
untr
y=B
H.
Num
ber o
f ci
tatio
ns p
er
rese
arch
er0.
5
Pat
ents
Sta
tist
ics
(0.4
)
Num
ber o
f pa
tent
s0.
8In
dex
Team
Cal
cula
tions
bas
ed o
n da
ta fr
om: U
.S. P
aten
t and
Tra
dem
ark
Of
ce. (
2015
). Pa
tent
Cou
nts
by C
outn
ry, S
tate
, and
Yea
r - U
tility
Pat
ents
. Ale
xand
ria, V
A: U
.S. P
aten
t and
Tr
adem
ark
Of
ce. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 2
4, 2
015
from
: ww
w.us
pto.
gov/
web
/of
ces/
ac/i
do/
oeip
/taf
/cst
_utl.
htm
.Pa
tent
s ra
tio to
the
tota
l of
Ara
b co
untr
ies
0.2
Bal
ance
of
Pay
-m
ents
Sta
ts f
or
Hig
h-T
ech
Pro
d-
uct
s (0
.2)
ICT
goo
ds im
port
s (%
to
tal g
oods
impo
rts)
1
Wor
ld B
ank.
(201
5). W
orld
Ban
k O
pen
Dat
a. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 1
7, 2
015
from
: dat
a.w
orld
-ba
nk.o
rg.
Tab
le A
6:
Res
earc
h &
Dev
elop
men
t an
d I
nn
ovat
ion
In
dex
: In
dic
ator
s an
d W
eigh
ts
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
212
Sub
-In
dic
esP
illar
sSu
b-P
illar
sIn
dic
ator
sW
eigh
tsSo
urc
es
Inn
ovat
ion
(0.
3)
Inn
ovat
ion
Im
pac
t an
d K
now
led
ge
Dis
sem
inat
ion
(0
.5)
Gro
wth
rate
of
GD
P pe
r per
son
enga
ged
(%)
0.15
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
New
bus
ines
s de
nsity
pe
r 1,0
00 in
habi
tant
s0.
14
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Tota
l com
pute
r sof
twar
e sp
endi
ng (%
of
GD
P)0.
15
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Hig
h-te
ch a
nd m
ediu
m
high
-tec
h ou
tput
0.14
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Fore
ign
dire
ct in
vest
-m
ent (
FDI)
, net
out
-ow
s (%
of
GD
P)0.
14
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
ISO
900
1 qu
ality
cer
ti-
cate
s (%
of
GD
P)0.
14
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Hig
h-te
ch e
xpor
ts (%
of
tota
l tra
de)
0.14
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Annex
213
Sub
-In
dic
esP
illar
sSu
b-P
illar
sIn
dic
ator
sW
eigh
tsSo
urc
es
Inn
ovat
ion
(0.
3)C
reat
ive
Inn
ova-
tion
Ou
tpu
ts (
0.5)
Inta
ngi
ble
Ass
ets
(0.4
5)
Num
ber o
f tr
adem
ark
appl
icat
ions
issu
ed to
re
side
nts
by th
e na
tiona
l of
ce (p
er b
illio
n PP
P$
GD
P)
0.36
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
ICTs
and
bus
ines
s m
odel
cre
atio
n0.
32
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
ICTs
and
org
anis
atio
nal
mod
el c
reat
ion
0.32
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Goo
ds
and
Cre
ativ
e Se
rvic
es (
0.55
)
Cul
tura
l and
cre
ativ
e se
rvic
es e
xpor
ts (%
of
tota
l tra
de)
0.3
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Num
ber o
f na
tiona
l fe
atur
e lm
s pr
oduc
ed
(per
mill
ion
popu
latio
n 15
–69
year
s ol
d)
0.2
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Prin
ting
and
publ
ishi
ng
man
ufac
ture
s ou
tput
(%
of m
anuf
actu
res
tota
l ou
tput
)
0.3
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Cre
ativ
e go
ods
expo
rts
(% o
f to
tal t
rade
)0.
2
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
214
Sub
-In
dic
esP
illar
sSu
b-P
illar
sIn
dic
ator
sW
eigh
tsSo
urc
es
Pol
itic
al, E
co-
nom
ic, S
ocia
l E
nvir
onm
ent
and
In
fras
tru
ctu
re
(0.3
)
Pol
itic
al a
nd
Leg
al
Env
iron
men
t (0
.14)
Pol
itic
al S
tab
ility
an
d S
ecu
rity
Polit
ical
sta
bilit
y0.
25W
orld
Ban
k (2
015)
. Wor
ld G
over
nanc
e In
dica
tors
. Ret
rieve
d Se
ptem
ber 2
3, 2
015
from
: ht
tp:/
/inf
o.w
orld
bank
.org
/gov
erna
nce/
wgi
/ind
ex.a
spx#
repo
rts.
Ove
rall
Gov
ern
-m
ent
Eff
ecti
ven
ess
Gov
ernm
ent e
ffec
tive-
ness
0.4
Reg
ula
tory
an
d
Leg
al Q
ual
ity
Reg
ulat
ory
qual
ity0.
2
Ru
le o
f L
awR
ule
of la
w0.
15
Soci
o-E
con
omic
E
nvir
onm
ent
(0.2
2)
Ove
rall
Eco
nom
ic
Per
form
ance
(0.
3)
Gov
ernm
ent b
udge
t (s
urpl
us/d
eci
t)0.
15C
entr
al I
ntel
ligen
ce A
genc
y. (2
015)
. The
Wor
ld F
actb
ook.
Ret
rieve
d Se
ptem
ber 3
0, 2
015
from
: ht
tps:/
/ww
w.ci
a.go
v/lib
rary
/pub
licat
ions
/the
-wor
ld-f
actb
ook/
elds
/222
2.ht
ml.
Gro
ss N
atio
nal S
avin
gs
Rat
es a
s a
Perc
enta
ge o
f G
DP
(%)
0.25
IMF.
(201
5). G
loba
l Eco
nom
ic O
utlo
ok D
atab
ase.
Ret
rieve
d A
ugus
t 26
from
http
://w
ww.
imf.
org/
exte
rnal
/pub
s/ft
/weo
/201
5/01
/weo
data
/dow
nloa
d.as
px.
Gen
eral
gov
ernm
ent n
et
debt
as
a %
of
GD
P0.
15IM
F. (2
015)
. Glo
bal E
cono
mic
Out
look
Dat
abas
e. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 2
6 fr
om h
ttp:/
/ww
w.im
f.or
g/ex
tern
al/p
ubs/
ft/w
eo/2
015/
01/w
eoda
ta/d
ownl
oad.
aspx
.
GD
P pe
r cap
ita0.
25
Cur
rent
acc
ount
bal
ance
as
a %
of
GD
P0.
2
Pop
ula
tion
an
d
Pu
blic
Hea
lth
(0.2
)
Infa
nt M
orta
lity
Rat
e0.
3W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izat
ion.
(201
5). G
loba
l Hea
lth O
bser
vato
ry D
ata
Rep
osito
ry. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 1
7, 2
015
from
: app
s.who
.int/
gho/
data
/vie
w.m
ain.
200.
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
at b
irth
(yea
rs)
0.28
Popu
latio
n R
efer
ence
Bur
eau.
201
5 W
orld
Pop
ulat
ion
Dat
a Sh
eet:
With
a S
peci
al F
ocus
on
Wom
en’s
Em
pow
erm
ent.
Was
hing
ton
D.C
.: Po
pula
tion
Ref
eren
ce B
urea
u. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust
17, 2
015
from
: ww
w.pr
b.or
g/pd
f15/
2015
-wor
ld-p
opul
atio
n-da
ta-s
heet
_eng
.
Glo
bal h
ealth
exp
endi
-tu
re0.
14W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izat
ion.
(201
5). G
loba
l Hea
lth E
xpen
ditu
re D
atab
ase.
Ret
rieve
d A
ugus
t 26
, 201
5 fr
om: a
pps.w
ho.in
t/nh
a/da
taba
se/V
iew
Dat
a/In
dica
tors
/en.
Illite
racy
rate
0.28
Inde
x Te
am C
alcu
latio
ns b
ased
on
data
from
: U
NE
SCO
Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
tistic
s. (2
015)
. Dat
a C
entr
e. R
etrie
ved
July
20,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttp:/
/dat
a.ui
s.une
sco.
org/
.
Goo
ds
and
Ser
vice
s an
d F
inan
cial
Mar
-ke
ts (
0.5)
Em
ploy
men
t in
know
l-ed
ge-in
tens
ive
serv
ices
(%
of
wor
kfor
ce)
0.15
Cor
nell,
IN
SEA
D, &
WIP
O. (
2014
). G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
14: T
he H
uman
Fac
tor i
n In
nova
tion.
Sec
ond
Prin
ting.
Fon
tain
eble
au, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
s://w
ww.
glob
alin
nova
tioni
ndex
.org
/use
rle
s/le
/rep
ortp
df/G
II-2
014-
v5.p
df.
Dom
estic
cre
dit t
o pr
ivat
e se
ctor
(% o
f G
DP)
0.45
Wor
ld B
ank.
(201
5). W
orld
Ban
k O
pen
Dat
a. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 1
7, 2
015
from
: dat
a.w
orld
-ba
nk.o
rg.
GE
RD
Fin
ance
d by
B
usin
ess
Ent
erpr
ises
as
a pe
rcen
t of
GD
P0.
4U
NE
SCO
Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
tistic
s. (2
015)
. Dat
a C
entr
e. R
etrie
ved
July
20,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttp:/
/da
ta.u
is.un
esco
.org
/.
Annex
215
Sub
-In
dic
esP
illar
sSu
b-P
illar
sIn
dic
ator
sW
eigh
tsSo
urc
es
Pol
itic
al, E
co-
nom
ic, S
ocia
l E
nvir
onm
ent
and
In
fras
tru
ctu
re
Hu
man
Cap
ital
(0
.32)
Pre
-Un
iver
sity
E
du
cati
on(0
.35)
Gov
ernm
ent e
xpen
di-
ture
on
pre-
univ
ersi
ty
educ
atio
n (%
)0.
24U
NE
SCO
Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
tistic
s. (2
015)
. Dat
a C
entr
e. R
etrie
ved
July
20,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttp:/
/da
ta.u
is.un
esco
.org
/.
Gov
ernm
ent e
xpen
di-
ture
per
sec
onda
ry
stud
ent a
s %
of
GD
P pe
r cap
ita(%
)
0.26
UN
ESC
O I
nstit
ute
for S
tatis
tics.
(201
5). D
ata
Cen
tre.
Ret
rieve
d Ju
ly 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
://
data
.uis.
unes
co.o
rg/.
Pupi
l-tea
cher
ratio
in
seco
ndar
y ed
ucat
ion
0.2
UN
ESC
O I
nstit
ute
for S
tatis
tics.
(201
5). D
ata
Cen
tre.
Ret
rieve
d Ju
ly 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
://
data
.uis.
unes
co.o
rg/.
Gro
ss E
nrol
men
t rat
io,
seco
ndar
y0.
1U
NE
SCO
Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
tistic
s. (2
015)
. Dat
a C
entr
e. R
etrie
ved
July
20,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttp:/
/da
ta.u
is.un
esco
.org
/.
Scor
es o
f 15
-yea
r-ol
d st
uden
ts in
read
ing
liter
acy
0.2
OE
CD
. (20
14).
PISA
201
2 R
esul
ts: W
hat S
tude
nts
Kno
w a
nd C
an D
o –
Stud
ent P
erfo
rman
ce
in M
athe
mat
ics,
Rea
ding
and
Sci
ence
(Vol
ume
I, R
evis
ed e
ditio
n, F
ebru
ary
2014
). PI
SA.
OE
CD
Pub
lishi
ng.
Scor
es o
f 15
-yea
r-ol
d st
uden
ts in
mat
hem
atic
s
Scor
es o
f 15
-yea
r-ol
d st
uden
ts in
sci
ence
s
Scor
es o
f 4t
h gr
ade
stu-
dent
s in
mat
hem
atic
sM
ullis
, I.V
.S.,
Mar
tin, M
.O.,
Foy,
P., &
Aro
ra, A
. (20
12).
TIM
SS 2
011
Inte
rnat
iona
l Res
ults
in
Mat
hem
atic
s. C
hest
nut H
ill, M
A: T
IMSS
& P
IRLS
Int
erna
tiona
l Stu
dy C
ente
r, B
osto
n C
ol-
lege
.Sc
ores
of
8th
grad
e st
u-de
nts
in m
athe
mat
ics
Scor
es o
f 4t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
in s
cien
ces
Scor
es o
f 8t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
in s
cien
ces
Hig
her
Ed
uca
tion
(0.4
5)
Gro
ss e
nrol
men
t rat
e,
tert
iary
, bot
h se
xes
(%)
0.24
UN
ESC
O I
nstit
ute
for S
tatis
tics.
(201
5). D
ata
Cen
tre.
Ret
rieve
d Ju
ly 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
://
data
.uis.
unes
co.o
rg/.
Perc
enta
ge o
f en
gi-
neer
ing
and
scie
nce
prog
ram
mes
gra
duat
es0.
38
Exp
endi
ture
on
educ
atio
n as
% o
f to
tal
gove
rnm
ent e
xpen
ditu
re
(%)
0.38
UN
ESC
O I
nstit
ute
for S
tatis
tics.
(201
5). D
ata
Cen
tre.
Ret
rieve
d Ju
ly 2
0, 2
015
from
: http
://
data
.uis.
unes
co.o
rg/.
Ara
b K
now
ledg
e In
dex
2015
216
Sub
-In
dic
esP
illar
sSu
b-P
illar
sIn
dic
ator
sW
eigh
tsSo
urc
es
Pol
itic
al, E
con
omic
, So
cial
Env
iron
men
t an
d I
nfr
astr
uct
ure
Hu
man
Cap
ital
Cap
acit
y B
uild
-in
g, T
rain
ing,
an
d
Lif
elon
g L
earn
ing
(0.2
)
Perc
enta
ge o
f rm
s of
ferin
g fo
rmal
trai
ning
fr
om th
e ov
eral
l num
ber
of
rms
(%)
1
Wor
ld B
ank.
(201
5). E
nter
pris
e Su
rvey
s: W
hat B
usin
esse
s E
xper
ienc
e. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 2
0,
2015
from
: http
://w
ww.
ente
rpris
esur
veys
.org
/dat
a/ex
plor
etop
ics/
wor
kfor
ce.
Infr
astr
uct
ure
(0
.32)
Info
rmat
ion
In
fra-
stru
ctu
re &
Com
-p
ute
r N
etw
orks
(0
.45)
ICT
acc
ess
inde
x1/
3C
orne
ll U
nive
rsity
, IN
SEA
D, a
nd W
IPO
. (20
15).
The
Glo
bal I
nnov
atio
n In
dex
2015
: Ef-
fect
ive
Inno
vatio
n Po
licie
s fo
r Dev
elop
men
t. Fo
ntai
nebl
eau,
Ith
aca,
and
Gen
eva.
Ret
rieve
d N
ovem
ber 1
4, 2
015
from
: http
s://w
ww.
glob
alin
nova
tioni
ndex
.org
/use
rle
s/le
/rep
ortp
df/
gii-f
ull-r
epor
t-20
15-v
6.pd
f.IC
T u
se1/
3
E-p
artic
ipat
ion
inde
x1/
3
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Pu
blic
In
fras
tru
c-tu
re (
0.35
)
Ele
ctric
ity p
rodu
ctio
n,
kWh/
capi
ta1/
3
Wor
ld E
cono
mic
For
um, I
NSE
AD
, & C
orne
ll U
nive
rsity
. (20
15).
The
Glo
bal I
nfor
mat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy R
epor
t 201
5: I
CTs
for I
nclu
sive
Gro
wth
. Ins
ight
Rep
ort.
Gen
eva:
Wor
ld E
co-
nom
ic F
orum
. Ret
rieve
d A
ugus
t 14,
201
5 fr
om: w
ww
3.w
efor
um.o
rg/d
ocs/
WE
F_G
ITR
2015
.pd
f.
Gro
ss c
apita
l for
mat
ion
(% o
f G
DP)
1/3
Wor
ld B
ank.
(201
5). W
orld
Ban
k O
pen
Dat
a. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 1
7, 2
015
from
: dat
a.w
orld
-ba
nk.o
rg.
Logi
stic
s se
rvic
es in
dex
1/3
Wor
ld B
ank.
(201
5). L
ogis
tics
Perf
orm
ance
Ind
ex. R
etrie
ved
Aug
ust 3
0, 2
015
from
: lpi
.wor
ld-
bank
.org
.
Env
iron
men
t Su
s-ta
inab
ility
(0.2
)
GD
P pe
r uni
t of
ener
gy
use
0.5
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, I
NSE
AD
, and
WIP
O. (
2015
). T
he G
loba
l Inn
ovat
ion
Inde
x 20
15: E
f-fe
ctiv
e In
nova
tion
Polic
ies
for D
evel
opm
ent.
Font
aine
blea
u, I
thac
a, a
nd G
enev
a. R
etrie
ved
Nov
embe
r 14,
201
5 fr
om: h
ttps:/
/ww
w.gl
obal
inno
vatio
nind
ex.o
rg/u
ser
les/
le/r
epor
tpdf
/gi
i-ful
l-rep
ort-
2015
-v6.
pdf.
Env
ironm
ent p
erfo
r-m
ance
inde
x0.
5