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2007-08 Sources of School Funding
64.8%
25.0%
10.2%
State Federal Local
$7.37 B
$1.16 B
$2.84 B
Source: DPI, Financial & Business Services, Highlights of the NC Public School Budget, February 2008
Who Pays For What?
2007-08 Federal Funds Provide ($2.84 B)Title I – all programs ($328.6 m)
Child Nutrition ($325.0 m)
Children w/ Special Needs ($297.0 m)
Teacher Quality ($62.4 m)
Vocational Education ($21.8 m)
Technology Grants ($5.8 m)
After School Programs ($20.9 m)
Safe & Drug Free Schools ($5.8 m)
2007-08 Local Funds Provide ($1.16 B)
Additional teachers, instructional support & teacher
assistants (11,432 positions)
Central Office Administrators (33.6% of total)
Salary Supplements (4 @ $5,000+, Average=$1,993, 5 @ $0)
School Construction, Maintenance & Debt Service
Utilities, Housekeeping, Technology, & Garage Costs
Who Pays For What?
2007-08 State Funds Provide ($7.37 B)Instructional Personnel ($4.1 B)
At-Risk Student Services ($220.3 m)
Children w/ Special Needs ($663.3 m)
Transportation ($360.6 m)
Low-Wealth supplemental funds ($195.4 m)
ABCs Bonus ($70 m)
Limited English Proficient ($61.2 m)
Largest Expense in the State Budget (37.3%)
Enormous Business ($7.91 B)
Largest Employers in the State• Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools is among top 10 employers• Half of all districts have 1,000+ employees
Transportation (13,696 buses178,297,253 miles)
Counseling (4,380 counselors & psychologists)
Food Provider (186,564,780 breakfasts & lunches)
Maintenance staff (26,748 service workers, drivers & other laborers)
Just the Facts. . .
NC History and how we got here…
Article IX: Education Sec. 2. Uniform system of schools. (1) General and uniform system: term.
The General Assembly shall provide by taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system of free public schools, which shall be maintained at least nine months in every year, and wherein equal opportunities shall be provided for all students.
School Funding ResponsibilitySchool Budget and Fiscal Control Act (1975)
“To insure a quality education for every child in North Carolina, and to assure that the necessary resources are provided, it is the policy of the State of North Carolina to provide from State revenue sources the instructional expenses for current operations of the public school system as defined in the standard course of study. It is the policy of the State of North Carolina that the facilities requirements for a public education system will be met by county governments.”
A Decade of Enrollment Growth: 1997-98 to 2007-08
17,834
28,176
18,484
21,11719,772
23,127 23,983
40,117
37,803
27,415
20,577
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
1997-1998
1998-1999
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
an
nu
al
gro
wth
Source: Public School Forum based upon data from DPI
Public Education Authorized Budget(% of General Operating Fund)
52.0%
37.3%
30%
31%
32%
33%
34%
35%
36%
37%
38%
39%
40%
41%
42%
43%
44%
45%
46%
47%
48%
49%
50%
51%
52%
53%
54%
55%
19
70
-71
19
71
-72
19
72
-73
19
73
-74
19
74
-75
19
75
-76
19
76
-77
19
77
-78
19
78
-79
19
79
-80
19
80
-81
19
81
-82
19
82
-83
19
83
-84
19
84
-85
19
85
-86
19
86
-87
19
87
-88
19
88
-89
19
89
-90
19
90
-91
19
91
-92
19
92
-93
19
93
-94
19
94
-95
19
95
-96
19
96
-97
19
97
-98
19
98
-99
19
99
-00
20
00
-01
20
01
-02
20
02
-03
20
03
-04
20
04
-05
20
05
-06
20
06
-07
20
07
-08
Average=43.6%
If schools received the same percentage of General Fund expenditures as they did in 1970, schools would have had $2.97 B MORE in 2007-08.
Note: The General Fund is not the only source of public education spending, but it is the major one.Source: Public School Forum based upon data from the General Assembly & Office of State Budget & Management
Ranking Per-Pupil Expenditures by State
$10,0
42
$7,1
13
$7,8
46
$5,4
74
$7,9
35
$9,3
65
$11,8
74
$11,3
24
$7,1
55
$8,8
82
$8,9
97
$7,6
10
$6,8
63
$9,3
27
$8,9
24
$7,7
17
$8,0
05
$7,6
56
$11,6
54
$9,2
81 $10,7
23
$9,6
32
$9,2
49
$7,3
81
$6,5
65 $8,0
25
$7,3
77
$7,5
86
$9,5
55
$13,3
70
$8,1
78
$12,8
79
$9,5
57
$8,0
98
$10,2
23
$10,6
41
$7,7
66
$7,5
36
$6,8
81
$7,3
10
$5,0
32
$8,7
29
$11,6
67
$7,6
83
$9,7
55
$9,4
61
$10,3
72
$7,3
92
$6,7
09
$6,6
14
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
$11,000
$12,000
$13,000
$14,000
$15,000
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID IL
IN
KS
KY LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA RI
SC
SD
TN TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
WI
WV
WY
114330492917 3 642232135451822322834 519 7132039482738403615 12546 214472610 8313744415024 4331216 9
state (rank)
per-
pupil
expendit
ure
s
NC ranks 38=$7,392
US average=$8,717
Source: Public School Forum based upon NEA, Rankings and Estimates Update (Dec. 2007)
Per-Pupil Spending for NC & I ts Neighbors
$8,882
$7,392 $7,766$6,881
$8,729
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
GA NC SC TN VA
24 38 31 44 24
state (rank)
per-
pu
pil
cu
rren
t expen
dit
ure
s US average=$8,717
Source: NEA, Rankings & Estimates Update (based upon December 2007 data)
2008 Local School Finance Study
1,237
754
315
1,435
917
446
2,044
1,282
499
2,255
1,451
546
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06
County Spending per Student
Top 10 State Average Bottom 10
Funding from the LotteryBased Upon $1.00 of Sales
School Construction,
$0.14
Scholarships, $0.03
Class Size & More At Four, $0.18
Prizes, $0.50
Lottery Administration,
$0.15
Source: Public School Forum based upon data from DPI, Financial & Business Services
Note: Reserve fund (5% of original total) is fully funded and requires no additional contributions.
* The General Assembly gave additional flexibility to raise prize amounts over 50% of the total IF that will increase the absolute amount available for education transfers.
Lottery Revenue RealitiesOriginal estimates of $1.2 B in revenues
But even if projections had been right…
• 82 years to finance the $9.7 B construction backlog (based on 2007-08 projected funding levels)
• 49 districts would still have gotten less than $500,000
Projected Actual (2006-07)
Off by…
Scholarships $40.4 m $32.6 m -$7.8 m
Class Size/ More at Four
$201.9 m $162.7 m -$39.2 m
Construction $161.5 m $130.2 m -$31.3 m
TOTAL $403.8 m $325.5 m -$78.3 m
North Carolina Education Lottery
A Comparison of the Models shows:87 LEAS received LESS money under the Lottery Act model
1996 School Bond 2005 Lottery Act
25% high growth35% ability to pay40% ADM
35% ability to pay 65% ADM
Counties’ “Ability to Pay” Qualifies Them for Approximately $49 M in Extra Lottery Revenue (35% of Available Construction Funds)
57 shaded counties qualify for the extra revenue based upon an ability to pay componentSOURCE: NCGA, Fiscal Research Division
Changing Needs of Students & Adequate Resources
Every classroom be staffed with a competent, certified, well-trained teacher…
Every school be led by a well-trained competent Principal…
Every school be provided, in the most cost effective manner, the resources necessary…
-Leandro mandates
School Finance Case ISN’T Over
State Responsibility: “The State must step in with an iron hand and get the mess straight. If it takes removing an ineffective Superintendent, Principal, teacher, or group of teachers and putting effective, competent ones in their place, so be it…The State of North Carolina cannot shirk or delegate its ultimate responsibility.”
Judge Howard E. Manning, Jr.—4/4/02 memorandum
DSSF Resources Then…
• Started with 16 pilot districts
• Funded at $22.5 million
• New model approved by plaintiffs, defendants & judge
And now…• Covers all 115 LEAs
• Funded at $191.6 million for 2007-08 school
year
Kendall [email protected] x 102www.ncforum.org