Understanding of Goose Messaging

8/10/2019 Understanding of Goose Messaging

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Protection and ControlCommunications with IEC 61850

1 Introduction

Eric A. Udren

WSU Hands-On Relay School

Discussion leader

Eric A. Udren 43 year distinguished career in design & application of protective relaying, control, and communications systems.

Executive Advisor with Quanta Technology, LLC of Raleigh, NC in 2008.

Developing substation protection and control upgrading strategies for major North American utilities, relayapplication research and design, and new data communications applications.

Developed software for the worlds first computer-based relaying system.

upervse reayng an conro so ware eveopmen or e n us rys rs eveopmen o a - aseintegrated protection and control system.

Designed the first interface of a microprocessor protective relay to an optical current sensor.

Developed the technical strategy for some of the most progressive utility LAN-based substation protection andcontrol upgrading programs using IEC 61850 and other data communications, including technical design for utilityenterprise integration of substation information.

IEEE Fellow.

Chairman of two IEEE Power System Relaying Committee (PSRC) Standards Working Groups

Chair of PSRC Relaying Communications Subcommittee.

Received the PSRC Distinguished Service Award in 2001 and again in 2006.

Member of IEC TC 57 Working Group 10 responsible for IEC 61850.

Technical Advisor to the US National Committee of IEC for TC 95, Measurin Rela s.

Page 2 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 2

Member of NERC System Protection and Control Subcommittee (SPCS, formerly SPCTF). Member of NERC Protection System Maintenance Standard Drafting Team. (PRC-005-2)

Has written and presented over 80 technical papers and chapters of books on relaying topics, and has taughtcourses on protection, control, communications, and integration. 2011 GA Tech PRC Walter A. Elmore Best PaperAward; IEEE Prize Paper Award.

Holds 8 patents on relaying and power-system communications.

Eric is based in Pittsburgh, PA and can be reached at [email protected] or (412) 596-6959.


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Impact of substation data communications

SUBSTA.

LAN

Substation or facility local area

network (LAN)

- Lack of standard protocols and

Goal 1: Collect relay data, give control forSCADA & facility operators (speed, accuracy, completeness, interoperability).

Goal 2:Access operational and non-operational data from

intervendor communications was a userissue for years.


.

Goal 3: Replace wired P&C schemes with LANs.

Goal 4: Replace switchyard/power equipment wiring forinstrument transformer, status, control signals with LANs.

Relay data for SCADA/EMS

RTUs connect to the same ac and apparatus signals asthe relays lots of extra wiring & electronics.

Microprocessor (P) relays are designed for, ,

communications.

Goal 1: Concentrator on LAN collects relay values andreports to SCADA & local interface computer.

Serial LAN (RS-485, multiple RS-232) still widely used.


applications.

Standard protocols DNP3/IEC 60870-5 and Modbus serial links or Ethernet LAN.

Smart Grid standards DNP3 and IEC 61850.


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Relay data for SCADA/EMS

Capabilities of new P relays:

Fast response & fresh accurate data.

DNP3 and Modbus on RS-485 serial or Ethernet orts.

IEC 61850 MMS server-client functions.

IEC 61850 GOOSE high-speed publish/subscribe of status,metered analogs, synchrophasors.

IEEE C37.118 synchrophasor streaming.

- -


synchrophasors and wide-area GOOSE.

Control centers- EMS &

SCADA

Planning &

models

Management

Goal 2 - Enterprise information reliability & economic benefits

u s a on

LAN

CORPORATE

WAN with

firewalls & push

Integrate relay data

communications to

the enterprise

Dashboard

Asset

Maintenance


Substation

LAN

Databases & back

office applications

for organizational

users

anagemen

Protection

& Control

Engineering

& models


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Relay data for non-operational users

Goal 2: Use the same communications facilities to get non-

operational data to the enterprise: Fault location, outages, failures, and system

.

Fault and disturbance recordings, event logs.

Relay and IED self monitoring and failure reporting forcondition based maintenance in NERC PRC-005-2.

Performance statistics - protection & communicationss stem mana ement.


Power apparatus monitoring by relays and IEDs.

Measurements for trending system operations planning, engineering, and protection.

Substation revenue metering.

Protection & control over Ethernet LAN

Goal 3: Replace control wiring with messageson data networks.

Substations & systems with IEC 61850

LANs in service.

Carry status & control points, includingtripping and lockout.

High-speed analog values capability.


essages re ay og c rep ace w res,control switches, lockout switches.

Dramatic wiring reduction in the station.

Can be fasterthan wiring.


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Sampled Values service on process bus

Goal 4: Replace switchyard/facility wires with a few optical fibers.


.

Move some measurement and control closer to the power

apparatus. Move the relays away from the apparatus.

Why focus on Ethernet communications?

Important Ethernet networkscarry any com nat on o m xetraffic types, protocols, services

Network tools to manage & prioritize mixed traffic.

Modern Ethernet switches end old concerns about non-deterministic network traffic with collisions.


u y u v . Extra network capacity gets cheaper rapidly.

Development of IT is crowding out other approaches.


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Big standard, evolving for 18 years and still going... 10 original parts now in Edition 2, plus >23 new parts!

IEC61850Communicationnetworksand

systemsforpowerutilityautomation

u p e serv ces no a mono :

Server-client design for Ethernet networks.

Application layers for utility/industrial system applicat ion.

High speed protection, control, and sampled data streaming services.

System-wide data and control services and methods.

Single international standard for power system communications.


o us a pro oco nc u es unc on mo e ng s an ar s.

Recognized by DOE & NIST as a Smart Grid communications

backbone NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)Category of Standards (CoS) listing.

What is IEC 61850?

A single international Ethernet based standard data communications

protocol & model structure with services and features aimed at protection

and control requirements:

Relay/IED measurement & control exchanges with substation hosts

RTUs, concentrators, HMIs client-server objects.

High-speed status, control, analog value transfer over LAN to eliminate

control wiring GOOSE messaging.

Switchyard/switchgear data acquisition and apparatus control sampled

values (called process bus).

Services for time synchronization (SNTP - obsolete), file transfer (FTP).


. Standardized automatic configuration of substation IEDs (SCL).

New wide-area communications services.

Vision of a complete solution to replace existing diverse protocols and

communications systems.


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IEC 61850 is not just a protocol on a wire

A modeling approach, a system architecture, and a protocol.

Multiple services.

Models for

P&C functions &

Switchyard

sampled value

streaming

IEC 61850

ArchitectureHigh-speed

GOOSE control

messaging

Ethernet

LAN/WAN

Standardized

configuration

process

points


mesynch

with SNTP

COMTRADEFault records

,

UDP/IP,

Layer 2

multicast

US a roach UCA 2

1994

Evolution of IEC 61850

DNP3 becomes IEEE 1815 & stays strong

The international goal agree on a

single standard

1996

One standard

IEC 61850

2000-2012

May 2000

Ashevi lle, NC


experienceIEC 60870-5

IEC 60870-6

IEC 61850 UCA 2 & IEC61850 merge

IEC 60870-5 vendors shifting support away


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IEC 61850 wiring reduction

Integrated P&C system using fiberoptic network cables

Ethernet

Conventionalpoint to pointwiring

Standard


,models,

& point

descriptions Be careful the wiringgoes away, but not the

complexity...

Part 1: Introduction and Overview Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classesand Data Classes

Part 7-3: Common Data Classes

Part 7-2: Abstract Communication Services

System Aspects

Part 2: Glossary

Part 3: General Requirements

Data and Services Model

IEC 61850 Edition 1 Documents

Configuration

Mapping to Ethernet

Interface (ACSI)Part 7-1: Principles and Models

Part 5: Comms. Requirements forFunctions and Device Models

Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and ISO 8802-3(Ethernet)

Part 9-1: Sampled Values over SerialUnidirectional Point-to-Point link

Part 6: Configuration DescriptionLanguage for Communication in


Part 10: Conformance Testing

Technical Report / Specification

using ISO 8802-3 (defunct)

Part 9-2: Sampled Values over ISO 8802-3Test

International Standard (IS) 9-2 LE: UCA Implementation Agreement formerging units in switchyards (LE = LiteEdition)


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IEC 61850 as multivendor standard

Aims for integration of multiple vendors

devices. Each product has its own list of implemented

services and features.

Conformance a product is tested to validate

that its included services conform to standard

specs.

Vendor gets KEMA, TV SD, etc. certificate.

Interoperability two or more products actually

exchan e information no certification et .


Be aware of compliant creativity, generic

modeling shortcuts. Will products actuallyinteroperate?

Performance a system of products performs

the application properly (no certification yet).

OSI 7-Layer Communications Stack

Layer Name Function

7 Application Meaningofthedata(utilityuserspecifics)

6 Presentation Buildingblocksofdataandencryptionforsecurity

5 Session Openingandclosingspecificcommunicationspaths

4 Transport Errorchecking

3 Network Determiningthedatapathswithinthenetwork


2 Data

Lin Data

transmission,

source

an

estination,

c ec sum

1 Physical Signallevels,connections,wires,fiber,wireless


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MMS

IEC 61850 Applications

IEC 61850 profile or stack - client-server exchanges

ISO CO Session

ISO CO Presentation

TCP

IP

RFC1006 - ISO TP0

pp cat on ro e

Trans ort Profile


Ethernet

Fiber, Twisted Pair Cu

-

Application (Objects,Services)

IEC 61850 Communications stack mappings

-

communicationsGOOSE

Values

High-speed messaging

on LAN skip WANla ers and rocessin

MMS

Mapping


Ethernet Link Layer (with Priority, VLAN)

Ethernet 100 MB/s Fiber

delays

TCP

IPGOOSE&

SampledValues:

Layer2multicast


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IEC 61850 Station Bus protocol services

SCADA

Stationbusmappings(81)

ForSCADA,

protection,

control,

and

informationfortheenterprise

Station Bus

Substation

Host

ectson an ayers

GOOSE(onDataLinklayer2)

Timesynch(SNTP)[LaterIEEE

1588/C37.232]


Relay 3IED2Relay 1

MU - VTMU - CTProcess Bus

IEC 61850 server-client object services

The bulk of the standard (Parts 7-1, -2, -3, -4; new 7-5, new applications) describes object modelingmethods.

In general, relays and IEDs are servers; higher-levelcomputers and systems are clients.

Data messages include point descriptions orsemantics self-identifying.

Products are self-describing aimed at making


maps used with other protocols (SubstationConfiguration Language, Part 6).


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Object models - logical groupings

Logical Device

LN2(MMXU)

LN1(XCBR)

Pos A

Ph 1 Ph 2StV q

Logical Device(1 to n)

Logical Node(1 to n)

Data Class

a a


Physical Device(network address)Physical Device(network address)

(IED1)Physical Device

A single name always used for a particular function.

Logical Node (LN)

Each substation function may use one or more otherlogical nodes to perform its job (e.g., distance protectionneeds measurements from logical nodes CT and VT).



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L: system LN (2) M: Metering and measurement (8)P: protection (28) S: Sensor and monitoring (4)

R: protection related (10) X: switchgear (2)

Logical node groups

C: control (5) T: instrument transformers (2)

G: generic (3) Y: power transformers (4)

I: interfacing and archiving (4) Z: further power system equipment (15)

A: automatic control (4)

Examples of Logical Nodes (LNs):


PDIS: Line distance protection

PDIF: Differential protection CSWI: Switch controllerRBRF: Breaker failure MMXU: Measurement unit

XCBR: Circuit breaker YPTR: Power transformer

Disconnect sw.

Q9_L1/XSWIGrounding Switch

Q8_L1/XSWI

Logical Nodes (LN)Control

Q0/CSWIQ8/CSWI

Q9/CSWI

Bay-HMI

IHMI


Primary equipment

Control house

equipment

Distance Protection

PDIS

Circuit B reakerQ0_L1/XCBR

Gas density monitoring

Q0_L1/SIMS


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Access ing data

PTOCRREC

+

+IED1/XCBR.Pos

IED1

Tree view

Mode (Mode)Beh (Behavior )Health (Health)Name (Name plate)Loc (Local operation)EEHealth (External equipment)EEName (External equipment name plate)

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

XCBR-


per n pera on coun erPos (Switch position)BlkOpen (Block opening)BlkClos (Block closing)ChMotEna (Charger motor enabled)CBOpCap (Circuit breaker operating capability)POWCap (Point On Wave switching capability)

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Access ing data

XCBR

PTOCRREC

+

+

-

IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal

IED1

Beh (Behavior )Health (Health)Name (Name plate)Loc (Local operation)EEHealth (External equipment)EEName (External equipment name plate)OperCnt (Operation counter)Pos (Switch position)

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-


ctlValstValpulseConfigoperTimqmore

intermediate-state (0)off (1)on (2)bad-state (3)


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Helpful explanation of 61850 modeling


,Netted Automation GmBH

Seehttp://www.nettedautomation.com/qanda/iec61850/information-service.html#Q1

Example:

Substation (S151) Voltage level (E1) Bay (Q3) Physical Device (BC) Logical Device (CTR)

Hierarchical standard object naming

Data description (from common data class, CDC)

Attribute the current value

In MMS notation: S151E1Q3 $ BCCTR $ Q0XCBR1 $ Pos $ ST$ stVal

Interpretation: (Substa-V-bay) . (Physical box, and functional


e ement w t n t at as rea er mage . mage o rea erQ0) . (Data name Pos is position value) . FunctionalConstraint ST (a momentary status report only) . [the statusvalue report transition, open, closed, invalid]


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LN example control , breaker, voltage reg.


Note generic LNs manual config. versus std. definedLNs supporting auto config.

Time synchronization

IEC 61850 specifies simple network time protocol(SNTP) from the IT world.

Accurac assured onl within a few milliseconds(although some claim better recently).

Requirement for time stamping of events andoscillographic records is 1 ms (from NERC, for eventanalysis)

Re uirement for time s nchronization of waveform


sampling for process bus merging units is 1 to 10microseconds, tighter for synchrophasors.


17/51

Time synchronization

The practical solution wired IRIG-B or fiberconnections of time synchronization signals directly fromGPS clock IED to IEC 61850 servers and clients.

Same as non-61850 practice

Leaves a few wires in an otherwise clean design

IEEE 1588 a new standard for time synchronization ona LAN with sub-microsecond accuracy IEC 61850profile started at IEEE PSRC WG H7.


.

Configuration with 61850-6 SCL tools

Unified configuration of entire facilities via XML fileprocess even over wide area.

Not exactly plug-and-play.


Functional specifications &design standards


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Some configuration tools

Siemens DIGSI (oldest) GE EnerVista (umbrella for many functions; SCL added)

SEL AcSELerator Architect

ABB ITT Integrated Toolset (recent benchmark, but only ABB)

Applied Systems Engineering (ASE) Visual SCL

Triangle Microworks SCL File Editor, Anvil, Forge

Kalkitech SCL manager

Helinks (from 61850 developers)


Grid Smart 61850easy handy diagnostics

Tools are biggest challenge area of active work and usercomplaints.

2 - GOOSE Messaging and Networks

Protection and Control

Communications with IEC 61850

Eric A. Udren


March 2013


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Fast relaying over Ethernet LAN

From Part 1 -

Goal 3: Replace control wiring with messages ondata networks.

high speed redundant optical LANs to replacewires, control switches, lockout switches.

Dramatic wiring reduction in the station.

Many installations designed with IEC 61850GOOSE messaging on LANs are in service.


,lockout, high-speed analog values.

Can be fasterthan wiring.

Role of IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging

IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging provides:

High-speed peer-to-peer transfer of status/control bits (reporting

contact state over a wire) or analog values including synchrophasors

for protection and control.

GOOSE messaging plus programmable logic in relays and IEDs

replaces panel wiring and controls.

Benefits wiring and control elimination, panel and floor space

reduction, less equipment overall in P&C system, continuous


.

Works with other IEC 61850 services, or without them (e.g., with

60870-5 or DNP3 polling for SCADA)


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61850 GOOSE and GSSE messaging

Generic Object OrientedSubstation Event.

A relay or IED can send a

sequence of control, status point,

or analog value messages to

replace control and measurement

signals on dedicated wires.

Not just a single message to request remote action


transmitting IED like a contact that picks up and drops out

at critical moments.

Even if a subscribing (receiving) relay is just powered up, it

can get updated status it needs.

GOOSE Protocol in 61850-8-2

Application layer directly accesses link layer for speed no TCP/IP

Uses Ethernet frame directly with Priority/VLAN 802.1Q tag

Use priority 4 due to criticality or messages.

VLAN use is optional.

Fields in payload - source ID, status bits, analog values, time stamp,sequence number, time to live, quality bits, test modes.

Typical packets 200 300 bytes long.

Ethertype (8100 = Ethernet



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Publisher-subscriber exchange:

Each relay publishes a continuous stream of packets with valuesthat others might need.

Overview of GOOSE messaging

Any other relay or IED can subscribe to (view contents from) thestreams it needs.

Publisher just talks does not know who subscribers are, orwhether they got the messages in the stream.


Overview of GOOSE messaging

AdaptiverateofGOOSEmessagetransmission:

Time values are examples in standard manufacturers vary.

Some let you set base heartbeat rate and acceleration profile.

Heartbeat reports values during quiescent times:


. Update of latest status in case of any relay on the LAN that was

just turned on.

Modern LAN with Ethernet switches handle all the messages even for

a worst-case power system event.


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GOOSE packet rates

SEL example, set 1 sheartbeat:

Message Intervalfrom Time

GE UR V5.70 example:

num er prev ous,ms mar ,ms

1 N/A 0

2 4 4

3 8 12

4 16 28

5 32 60


7 128 252

8 256 508

9 512 1 s

Did the GOOSE messages arrive?

Publisher-subscriber exchange:

Unconfirmed service, backed up by:

.

Redundancy in LAN and relaying

architecture.

Monitoring and alarming by subscriber

IEDs that fail to receive publishers

message stream call maintenance for


repair.

Wires cannot continuously monitor

themselves as GOOSE messages can do!

2011Penwell&Quanta

TechnologyLLC

44


23/512

Analog GOOSE messaging

Concept - send analog values with same millisecondexchanges as for status or control points.

deadband.


Multiple values in one GOOSE packet.

Analog GOOSE messaging

Products today:

Send analog values at a fixed slower rate 100 msor 250 ms not as useful for relaying as GOOSEs a us po n s.

Some will send values at rate driven by status pointsin message, but analogs are repeated and updatedevery 100 to 500 ms.

NEW: publish synchrophasor values at a rate of 2 to-


tags in packets.

Ask vendor how to get at GOOSE time tag not thesame as synchrophasor time tag.

This GOOSE is too slow for high speed WAMPAC.


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Speed of GOOSE messaging

GOOSE message control can

be faster than a wiredconnection! Save 1-4 ms.How?

A wired trip signal goes through:

The relay processor output program loop delay.

Output delay of hardware interface to wires.

Input debounce filter delay of receiving relay.

Signal waits milliseconds for the input processing


program logic loop to notice it and react.

GOOSE message bits are sent and read directlybetween relay processors with microsecond Ethernetdelays.

Products vary ask manufacturer, or test.

Electromechanical lockout switch drawbacks

Adds 1 cycle operating time.

Funnels wiring from bus full ofbreakers into one panel location.

A lot of wiring.

Wiring reflects and must adapt tochanges in substation topology orrelaying philosophy.

Rarely operates in normal service


some am an on r p. Dangerous testing challenge -

NERC says test it.

Big cost adder to scheme deterrent to differential relay use.


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Distributed lockout with GOOSE

Each relay with relevant breaker control keep track of

lockouts in effect, by logic programming.

Relays are coordinated by the lockout initiating relay, ory a s a on compu er oc ou mon or unc on.

Each relay has a nonvolatile memory of lockout state(some use mechanically latched output relays).

Uses messaging capabilities already in new relays.

No extra wiring or cost.


Self monitoring feature eliminates testing problem.

As fast as direct tripping. See 2009 NETAWorld article by Myrda, Donahoe, Udren

for design example.

Abil ity to trip is monitored

End-to-end check of GOOSE communications:

Transformer relay publishes a GOOSE message including a busbreaker trip bit.

Normal-state message (do not trip) is generated every second by DSPin transformer relay.

Passed through communications network to bus relay DSP

Bus relay DSP alarms if no-action message disappears.

Wires cannot check themselves this completely!

Line RelayBus Relay


System A

Xfmr Relay

System A

Monitor

IED

System A

Ethernet Switch

System A

52TC


26/512

Redundant station bus

for IEC 61850 GOOSE

messaging

critical substationEthernet network

No single point of failurewithin each of dualredundant LANs.

Use relay primary and


a over op ca erneports.

Dual switches and pathsfor GOOSE messages.

Multicast GOOSE messages have no destination address

Designed to stay within a LAN or Virtual LAN.

Do not pass through routers to the WAN or other LANs.

GOOSE and wide area networks

Butrouters make secure bridged connection between two

LANs separated by a WAN works like one big LAN.

Useable for transfer tripping, monitoring, control or load

mitigation via WAN.

Need cyber security VPN, firewalls, etc.


, . See IEC 61850-90-1 for teleprotection over WAN

examples.

See 61850-90-5 for new GOOSE streaming over WAN.

522013QuantaTechnology,LLC


27/512

Settings management

Need a closed-loop business process that initiates and

tracks all installation and updating of setting records. Communicates with the IEDs themselves (over WAN is

future method) to check consistency between the database and the installed settings and firmware.

Need a convenient way of installing settings within themanagement system in every use case.

Firmware update, maintenance check, operatingemergency, relay replacement, etc.

New software data base tools can connect with tested


ev ces, es equ pmen , an en orce managemenprocesses OMICRON, EnoServ, IPS, others.

This is a big need for all 61850 services and systems, andall new complex relays and IEDs!

Using 61850 services on the LAN

Use client-server exchanges of standard defined objects formetering, status, control, and IED configuration.

Metering and status via polling or report-by-exception.

engineering and maintenance.

DNP3 can perform similar role with familiar manual pointconfiguration lists.

GOOSE messaging and Sampled Values service get rid ofconventional control wiring among relays, IEDs, power apparatus design commitment; visible change.


DNP3 has no high speed data or control ability like GOOSE or Sampled Values New 90-5 R-GOOSE and R-SV over WAN.

LAN can carry mixed traffic e.g. DNP3 metering and status, non-61850 legacy device traffic, plus GOOSE for wiring elimination.


28/512



3 - Recent Developments in IEC 61850Eric A. Udren


March 2013

IEC 61850 is living and growing

IEC 61850 Edition 1 theseed 1700 pages

International application improved models

Expanded structure

Improved clarity


ugs c eare New practical features

New application domains


29/512

IEC 61850 is branching

New parts of IEC 61850

Expanding outside thesubstation Between substations

To control centers

Communications andapplication modeling acrossthe entire power system

Integration with enterprise


Interfaces with popular

SCADA and control protocols Wide-area high-speed data &

control services with security

What is new in Edition 2 of existing parts?

Clarifications and corrections (TISSUES)

Modeling

Power Quality

Statistical evaluation of information

New models for mechanical equipment and measurements ofnon-electrical quantities

New features for testing support

Support for exchange of engineering information for


Redundancy possibility to have IEDs with dual

connections


30/513

Testing improvements

Edition 1 required expedient user construction of

testing facilities (mainly with GOOSE).Edition 2

Mirroring/feeding back control information

Isolation of functions in service

Interlocking test methods


IEC 61850 new parts

New facilities modeling:

IEC 61850-7-410 Hydroelectric power plants Communication for monitoring and control

IEC 61850-7-420 Communication Systems forDistributed Energy Resources (DER)

IEC 61850-7-500 /-7-510 (Technical Reports)

Explains how to use the concepts of IEC 61850 to modelapplications


IEC 61400-25-x Communications for monitoring andcontrol of wind power plants


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More new parts under development

Part 7-5 - defines the usage of information models for

substation automation applications - examples on how toapply logical nodes from 7-4 for various applications.

Part 7-10- web based IEC 61850 models

More consistent implementations than those from programmersreading paper documents.

Part 100-1 - Methods for functional testing in IEC 61850based systems.


Mappings for gateways

IEC 61850-80-1 Guideline forexchange information from acommon data class (CDC) based

-

Station Controller &

Gateway

60870

61850

IEC 61850-80-2/IEEE1815.1 ExchangingInformation betweennetworks implementing IEC61850 and IEEE 1815

DNP Master

DNP Outstation

Bay Controller

61850

Protection

61850


Just starting IEEE C37.118synchrophasors to IEC 61850-90-5synchrophasors at PSRC

IEC 61580 Client

IEC

61850

Device

IEC

61850

Device

IEC

61850

Device

IEC

61850

Device

Gateway


32/513

How to address new areas?

Technical reports explain How to use IEC 61850 for...

Technical reports describe:

The use cases considered

The impact on the communication

The impact on the modeling

The impact on the engineering

Results will be used to update the standards later.


amen men s or new e ons

Technical reports (not standards)

IEC 61850-90-1: Using IEC 61850 for communicationbetween substations (published)

IEC 61850-90-2: Using IEC 61850 for communicatione ween su s a ons an con ro cen er

IEC 61850-90-3: Using IEC 61850 for conditionmonitoring

IEC 61850-90-4: Network engineering guidelines

IEC 61850-90-5: Using IEC 61850 to transmit


sync rop asor n orma on accor ng o . Really important how to st ream sampled values,

synchrophasors, or GOOSE messages over WAN with

security using standard IT services


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90-1 on interstation communications

61850 communications, modeling/semantics, & system engineering

across stations need Ethernet communications. GOOSE needs LAN, or equivalent

Ethernet between stations:

Wideband direct interfaces of LANs

Tunnel that filters and directly passes packets over WAN

Gateway that acts as a proxy for packets e.g. teleprotection device

Ethernet LAN/WAN configuration advice

Station A Station B?

Teleprotection equipmentacting as gateway


FunctionA1

FunctionA2

FunctionB1

FunctionB2

Transparent Tunnel

ProxyB1

61850-90-2 and 90-3

90-2 - Using IEC 61850 for the communication between substationsand control centers in development

90-3 Condition monitoring of primary power apparatus communications & asset management requirements:

Transformers, LTCs

GIS

Lines, UG cables

Sta. batteries



34/513

Part 90-4 - Network Engineering Guidelines

Ethernet network&physical layers were blackbox you make it work.

Now comprehensiveguidance on reliablenetwork design.


Part 90-4 - Network Engineering Guidelines

Layer 2 redundant network paths for protection messages

Short-bump or bumpless rerouting for segment failures

62439-3 Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) 2 LANs

62439-3 High availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)

Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) from IT and redundancy simple andfine!

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

source

A-frame(HSR)

B-frame(HSR)

destinations

C-frame D-frame

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU switch

RedBox

singly attached nodes

interlink


DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

DANH

CPU

destinations


35/513

90-5 WAN synchrophasor transport

Sampled Value or GOOSE publish/subscribe across the WAN useful

way beyond just synchrophasors.

Add layer 3 transport UDP/IP unicast or multicast (unconfirmedefficient stream of data ackets not like slow confirmed TCP/IP

Routers can search for subscribers and establish routes dynamicallyusing Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) V.3, a standard ITrouter service.

New - a big deal end-to-end authentication in the packet!

SHA-2 authentication hash code - computed in real time.

Needs new PMU/rela latforms/ rocessors to com ute


authentication hash code (coming in 2012).

Industry standard Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) securitykey distribution/management.

Packet encryption specification can be done in routers.

WG17 technical reports - SG integration

IEC 61850-90-6: Using IEC 61850 for distribution automation.

IEC 61850-90-7: IEC 61850 object models for photovoltaic, storage

and other DER inverters.

IEC 61850-90-8: IEC 61850 object models for electrical vehicles.

IEC 61850-90-9: IEC 61850 object models for battery storage systems.

IEC 61850-90-10 DER scheduling.

IEC 61850-90-11 Modelin of


programmable logic per IEC 61499.

IEC 61850-90-14 Modeling of FACTS

power controllers


36/513

IEC 62445-2 Standard for communications betweensubstation and control center.

Other standards projects supporting IEC 61850

IEC 62351-6 - Cyber security structure for IEC61850.

Harmonize data models of IEC 61968 CommonInformation Model [formerly EPRI CIM] and IEC61850.


Product development

61850 compliant relays and IEDs are widely available.

Its been a long expensive road for manufacturers they arecommitted to development.

See http://www.ucausersgroup.org/ for list of compatiblepro uc s an o er n orma on.

In early 2012 lots of servers (relays), growing choices forclients (substation hosts), emergence of commercial processbus (sampled data) systems based on IEC 61869-9.

Learn status at UCA International Users Grouphttp://sharepoint.ucausersgroup.org/default.aspx

Reports and related standards developments at IEEE Power


ys em e ay ng omm ee mee ngshttp://www.pes-psrc.org/

Articles in PACworld magazinehttp://www.pacw.org/home.html


37/513

IEC 61850 supported in products

Embeddable stacks for sale to IED manufacturers Triangle

Microworks and SISCO. Supported by IED manufacturers SEL, GE, Siemens, ABB,

Alstom Grid/Schneider, ZIV, RFL, Ametek Pulsar, others.

e ay es se manu ac urers n ro uc ng pro uc s OMICRON, Doble, Megger, others.

Industry-standard conformance testing program per 61850-10and UCAIUG program with laboratories.

Substations with significant 61850 in North America since 2005 going into design standards at large utilities.

Used in critical special protection schemes.


IEC 61850 versus DNP3

DNP3 Pros

IEEE 1815 standard, longcomplete (according to its owntargets)

IEC 61850 Pros

Single international Smart Grid integrationstandard suite

All required services

All major vendors support .

Debugged, stable

Supported by Users Group

DNP3 Cons

No high speed control or dataservices,

High-speed control (GOOSE) and processdata (Sampled Values) including wide-areaand security

Models the functions for automatedintegration process (little hand configuration)

Supported by Users Group

IEC 61850 Cons

Inte rat ion tools have beenworkin ro ress


Manual configuration of points anddata types takes time.

Mostly North American

for a long time Interoperability work in progress

Big product development effort, depending onscope focus.

Design for usability and maintenance is anarea of opportunity


38/513

Troubleshooting Ethernet/61850 systems

Function level monitoring - program the relay logic to report data

sent/received catches most problems! This is an IT network.

. .,

Protocol-specific tool examples:

Applied Systems Engineering DNP3 Analyzer

SMC 61850 GOOSEMeter (hand tool)

61850Easy configuration/troubleshooting tools

SISCO AXS4MMS Client - analyzer for relays (servers).


SISCO GOOSE Blaster simulator

NetScout network traffic monitoring for GOOSE

Most important design functional test

features into the logic.

61850 progress

Massive standard growing beyond 2000 pages(users dont need to read all this).

Continuing development and issue resolution among, , .

Edition 2 and new parts of 61850 are being published.

Supported by todays major relay vendors.

Paper and article traffic reaching saturation level.

Varying interpretations by vendors require industry


. 61850 reaches inside the devices there are problems

get experienced guidance for standard development.

DNP3 remains a widely used client-server protocol thatworks on Ethernet (hand point map; no GOOSE).


39/513

Steps of typical IEC 61850 project

Each uti lity has unique organization and needs

1. Data gathering engage all stakeholders up front!2. Develop specifications.

3. Develo Re uest for Information RFI with s ecs.

4. Conduct RFI & process get back a practical plan?

5. Business case - justify proceeding?

7. Full specifications.

8. RFP & vendor selection for trial standard system.

9. Detailed design with vendors.

10. Or anizational desi n and re aration.


. .

11. Development lab, training facilities.12. Field trials.

13. Standards development; procedures and documentation.

14. Interface systems to the utility enterprise.



4 - Sampled Values Service & Process BusEric A. Udren


March 2013


40/514

Sampled Values service for process bus

If a LAN can carry criticalrelaying traffic in the control

ouse, can carry a a ancontrol between the switchyardand the control house?

Goal 4: Replace switchyard wires with a few optical fibers.

Eliminate conventional cables and surge/EMI pickup.

Move some measurement and control out to the yard, closer to the


.

Just a few wires left - we still have to get dc and station service

power out to the yard.

Process bus

Voltages, currents, and status sampled near the source andconverted directly to Ethernet packet stream.

Multiple sample sets per packet for data transmission efficiency.

Support trend towards intelligent power apparatus - relays,metering, control IEDs installed directly in the power apparatus,even in the factory.

Reduce field wiring cost.

Cut wiring losses and burdens.

Add field signals without new wiring to control house.



41/514

Process Bus concept

P

1 ORMORE

A/D

Sub-system

CTs,LPFILTER

LPFILTER

LPFILTER

LPFILTER

M

U

X

SAMPLE

AND

HOLD

Ethernet NetworkCommunications

If we cut a microprocessor based relay in two and put a communicationsbus between the I/O and the processing...

Comm.Controller

A/DSub-

system

MUX

S/H & Filter

S/H & Filter

S/H & Filter

S/H & Filter

O/E

Substation

LAN

Control House Switchyard

sRelay Output

Relay Output

Relay Output

Trip and

alarmcircuits

Contact Inputs

Status

contacts

POWERSUPPLY

125 Vdc StationBattery Supply


PComm.

Controller

PComm.

Controller

O/E

Relay Output

Combining data from diverse locations around the

switchyard

Process Bus

LAN

Comm.Controller

A/DSub-

systemMUX

S/H & Filter

S/H & Filter

S/H & Filter

S/H & Filter

Relay Output

Optical fibers

Process bus services in 61850-9-2

Sampled values protocol (on datalink layer 2 for speed and simplicity)

GOOSE (on data link layer 2 forSCADA

speed and simplicity)

Time synch (SNTP)

Rela 3IED2Rela 1

Station Bus

Substation

Host


MU - VTMU - CT Process Bus

MU = switchyard Merging Unit


42/514

Line Protection Bus Protection

EthernetController

EthernetController

Merging uni t

Merging Unit

EthernetController

IEC 61850-9-2

Process BusBinary Inputs &

Control Outputs

Ethernet Switch

Sample timing synchronization


with

Combined

ECT and EVT

MOCT

fiber

EOVT

fiber

Conventional VTsConventional CTs

C37.92 OCT

.

Process Bus Protocol in 61850-9-2

Application layer directly accesses link layer for speed same as GOOSE

messaging no TCP/IP

Uses Ethernet frame directly with priority/VLAN .1Q tag

Use riorit 4 due to criticalit or messa es same as GOOSE

VLAN use is optional

What goes into the packet payload?

Ethertype (8100 = Ethernet



43/514

IEC 61850-9-2 frame generic and flexible

Octets 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Notes

Preamble

Start of frame

0

1

3

4

5

Destination address

6

7

8

9

10

11

HeaderMAC

Source address

Refer to AddressFields section.

12

13TPID

14

15

Prioritytagged

TCI

Refer to PriorityTagging/VirtualLA

section.

16

17Ethertype

1 8 L en gth S tar t

19APPI D

E th er t e P D U

Octets 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1

2TPID 0x8100 (802.1Q Ethertype)

3 User priority CFI VID

4TCI

VID


20

21Length (m + 8)

22

23Reserved 1

24

25Reserved 2

26

.

m + 26

APDU (of l ength m)

Refer to Ethertypand Other Header

Informationsection.

.

.1517(Pad bytes if necessary)

.

.

.

.1521

Frame check sequence

Sampled Values 0 4

9-2 LE Implementation Guideline



44/514

IEC 61850-9-2 LE Data Set

Fixed sampling rates of 80 or 256samples per power cycle at 50 or60 Hz.

Fixed data frame format

Fixed configuration format


9-2 LE fiber 1 pps synchronizing clock input specs



45/514

Unified substation-wide LAN using 9-2 LE


Chopping up the ring for redundancy

Design concept of big ring station/process bus does not separate the zones

of protection zones share merging units and communications.

Relay engineers are used to separating zones of protection for reliability &

failure mode handling.

Another way to apply MUs

dedicated merging unit

function for each zone,

each location, and

System A or System B

full redundancy and

isolation.


.

This takes a lot more

equipment but

separates zones.


46/514

Another di rection 61850-9-2, but not 9-2 LE

GE Multilin HardFiber process bus system.

Uses conformant 61850-9-2 sampled values frame.

Uses 61850-8-1 GOOSE for sampling synchronization and control .

61850-8-1 GOOSE is not how 9-2 LE synchronizes sampling notcompatible with other vendors MUs.

Technically thoughtful (an opinion) architecture solution thataddresses application concerns:

Isolation of protection zones.

Isolation of redundant systems.


or s w o ay s re ays.

Each relay drives its own data sampling, as it does conventionally.

Tracks system frequency and avoids distance relay polarizingproblems.

Design includes solutions to installation efficiency and testing issues.

GE HardFiber process bus system

Weatherproof Brick mounts on apparatus; has four mini merging unitsinside GE calls them cores.

Connect to relays in control house via premade fiber assemblies andweather roof connectors.


ImagescourtesyGE Multilin


47/514

GE HardFiber components

GE prefab multiple fiber plus powercable from Brick to SCE relays in

SCE facility. Variety of standard lengths up to 500

meters.

GE prefab copper cable

for field connections CTs, PTs, contacts, tripcircuits.

Coil the excess cable whereconvenient.

Brick end and indoor end shown.




Indoors:

Cross connectpanel.

Fibers to/fromrelays.

Power from panelto remote Brick viaHardFiber cable.

Flexible easy


cores to multipleGE UR relays.



48/514


Process card replaces UR analog/binary input card.

A special purpose Ethernet switch connectingmultiple brick core fiber signals to the protectionprocessor.

NOTE: No network connection is possible toexisting UR Ethernet port used for:

IEC 61850 GOOSE messages to control center.

Relay settings, events, or configuration.

Isolated by protection application processors.

Cant hack from Brick into substation network.


Critical CIP compliance help.Image

courtesyGE Multilin

GE HardFiber system configuration

Sampling is triggered by downward GOOSE messages, not 1 ppstiming fibers across switchyard.

Electronic data sources are not shared across zones or betweenredundant systems.


ImagecourtesyGE Multilin


49/514

HardFiber interoperability with other vendors?

ABB, Siemens, Alstom Grid, SEL

used 9-2 LE.

9-2 LE is an implementationgu e ne, no par o s an ar .

Brick cannot work in a 9-2 LE system& vice versa.

What about multiple vendors andinteroperability of 61850?


2012 - a way out of the impasse

Merging unit standards project in IEC TC 38 (InstrumentTransformers) IEC 61869-9 Merging Unit Standard.

IEC 61869-9 cites 61850-9-2 and chooses specific options onesampling rate only (4 kHz), standard frames, etc. even morespecific than 9-2 LE.

Eliminates 1 pps fiber time synchronization - IEEE 1588 precisiontiming protocol (PTP) on the existing Ethernet connection tosynchronize samples.

Every vendor can adapt its products to work with this standardwithout big hardware changes.


. Products interoperate, with flexible architectures.

Implementation agreement in drafting.


50/515

Ngrid UK 400 kV process bus demo

Ratcliffe indoor

substation


Switchyard maintenance solution!



51/51

Cost effective partial solution

Extend the station bus into the switchyard for binarystatus and control I/O.

Put a remote binary I/O relay (SEL 451, GE UR C90+,etc.) in the switchyard for all status and control viaGOOSE.

Wire only the CTs and CVTs back to the control house.

Eliminate 70-80% of switchyard wiring.

We can do it right now.


Solution for NU 61850 EHV P&C design standard.

Questions?

[email protected] or (412) 596-6959.