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Understanding Information Systems. Information System (IS). An IS is a combination of people, hardware, software, computer networks, and data that organizations use to manage daily and long-term operations. Computer-based Information Systems. Improved Speed. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Understanding Information
Systems
Information System (IS)
An IS is a combination of people, hardware, software, computer networks, and data that organizations use to manage daily and long-term operations.
Computer-basedInformation Systems
Improved Speed
Quality Measurability
Computer-based information systems offer four key advantages over traditional (pre-computer) information systems:
Efficiency
Information SystemsClassified by Function
Distribution Management
Office Information
Management Information
Decision Support
Executive Support
Factory Automation
Information Systems
Office Information Systems (OIS)
Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
Factory Automation Systems
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
Information SystemsConsiderations
Upgrading or switching to a computer-based information system affects:
Technical Staff
Information Technology Costs
Profit Margins
Product Quality
Clerical Staff
Upgrading or Switching to aComputer-Based Information System
Companies should realize that there will be disruptions.
Research
Once the impact of a new system has been
studied and a decision to proceed has been made, a new system
must be purchased “off the shelf,” or developed and brought into service.
Subcontracting
Means hiring a third party to handle a project.
Systems House
Sometimes known as a systems integrator, a systems house is a company that specializes in installing and supporting information systems.
Factors in Choosing ANew Information System
User Interface Design
Open vs. Closed System
Niche Information System
Turnkey Solutions
System Support
Developing a NewInformation System
Because of their large size, information systems require the creation of a project team.
Project Manager
Manager also functions as a systems analyst, responsible for completing the systems analysis and making design recommendations.
Automate
CASE Tools
Software packages that
automate the design and
development of a project.
•Project Analysis •Graphic Specifications•Program Code•Testing & Debugging •Maintenance•Reports •Flowcharts•Graphs •Models
Gantt Charts
Gantt charts are bar charts showing the stages of a project and the order in which they must be completed.
Gantt charts are bar charts showing the stages of a project and the order in which they must be completed.
System Development LifeDevelopment
PLANDESIGN
IMPLEMENTSUPPORT
RETURN to STAGE 1
Development Plan
The process is circular, meaning that once the last stage is reached the planners return to the beginning and repeat the process.
Feasibility Study
A feasibility study is conducted, investigating how difficult the project might be to complete and how much it might cost.
Request for Proposal (RFP)
If management decides to hire a systems house, a request for proposal (RFP) will be sent to one or more possible suppliers.
Functional Specification
In most cases, the project team creates a functional specification, describing what the system must be able to do.
Design Specifications
Detail the hardware and software necessary to execute the functions.
Operating System Data Model
Authorized Users
A Prototype
Is a miniprogram that demonstrates the user
interface and functionality of the system.
Development
Coding, debugging programs and compiling programs.
Beta Testing
The system is rigorously tested before it is completely trusted to function as designed.
User Training
Normally takes place at the same time as
beta testing.
Emergency Patch
During debugging, testing, user
training, and implementation, the development team might be called
on to create an emergency patch, or correction, to the system.
Approval
Support Stage
A system goes into the support stage after it has been accepted and approved.
A Support Contract
A support contract normally allows users to contact the systems house for technical support, training, and sometimes
on-site troubleshooting.
Return to Stage One
System development is a process of continuous improvement.
On the Horizon
Business IntelligenceSift through information warehouses to find the gold within. However, companies need help in making sense of the data, and this is a focus for information systems software vendors.
The Future Holds…SimplicityIncreasingly, customers demand simple, reliable interfaces for information systems as well as retail software.
Enterprise Integration SoftwareThese products link a multitude of different programs so that information can be shared and sent back and forth more easily. A similar approach gaining popularity is outsourcing data storage and purchasing applications and Web site servicing.
