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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF Energy Efficiency & ENERGY EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENTRenewable EnergyENERGY
Understanding Earth's Energy
Sources
Grades: 9-12
Topics: Biomass, Wind Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells,
Solar, Vehicles, Geothermal
Owner: ACTS
This educational material is brought to you by the U.S. Department of Energy’s
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
“U d d E h’ “Understanding Earth’s Energy Sources”Energy Sources
Part 1. Nonrenewable Energy
Compiled By:Compiled By: Karen S. Harrell Dora Moore K -8
Denver Public Schools July 28, 2006
Energy from finite resources that eventually resources that eventually will dwindle, becoming too expensive or too too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve damaging to retrieve.
f Energy from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment; Source of energy can bereplaced in a short periodreplaced in a short period of time.
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Fossil Fuels N bl b b d f l d f hNonrenewable carbon based fuels made from the remains of plants and other organisms that were buried in the earth’s crust and altered by heat and pressure in the earth s crust and altered by heat and pressure over millions of years.
COAL
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COAL The most abundant fossil fuel 4 main grades: peat lignite 4 main grades: peat, lignite,
bituminous and anthracite
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Coal Deposits in the U.S.
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10In the US, 90% of electricity comes from coal.
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World Population GrowthWorld Population Growth 1750-2100
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8 World Populati
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on (billions)
4
1750 1800
1850
)
2
1850 1900
1950 2000
2050 2100
0
Source: Population Reference Bureau Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2000, Table A2
EIA projects 60% energy consumption increase by 2020
to call coal power plants “Dirty
Electricity”?y
Global Warming: An increase in the average temperature of the
earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes).
Is it justified
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Changes in Atmospheric Concentration CO2, CH4, and N20 – A Thousand Year History
on C
O2
(ppm
)
360
340
320
bb)
310sphe
ric c
once
ntra
tio320
300
280
260
conc
entra
tion
N2 O
(pb310
290
270
Atm
os260
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Years
Atm
osph
eric
270
250
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000Years at
ion
CH
4 (p
pb)
1750
1500 m
osph
eric
con
cent
ra
1250
1000
750
14 Source: IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001)
Atm750
1000 1200 1400
1600 1800
2000Years
CO2 and Global Climate Change
380 ppm
Climate Change
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th
Carbon Sequestration Capturing carbon dioxide from a power plant and storing it someplace
t it t t i t th t hso that it cannot get into the atmosphere.
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Renewable Energy vs. Sequestration Broad Perspective – J. Turner view
To modify or build a new energy infrastructure requires money and energy - that energy must come from existing resources. Sequestration is only a temporary fix. Sequestration increases the rate at which we consume our finite resources.
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What’s New in China? • 1 new coal power plant
coming into service everycoming into service every 6 DAYS.
• 5000 humans died in China’s coal mines in 2005.
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The Experts Say….
• Worldwide, leading scientists say it’s too late to stop the effect of increased CO2 p 2 levels on Earth’s climate.
• We need to be flexible and ADAPT to theWe need to be flexible and ADAPT to the changes.
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Sea Level Rise of 17 Feet (5.2 m) Western Antarctic Ice Sheet Melts
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/waterworld/
CONCERNS i
COAL Burning coal causes air
pollution and is a serious l b l
BENEFITS M l contributor to global
warming Many coal
burning power plants are
Pollution controls are expensive. Many countries are gearing up
plants are already in place Costs are
Many countries are gearing up to use more coal, thus depleting world supplies quicker than
relatively low World reserves pp q
expected. A 200 year supply is not a long
ti !
should last for about 200 years.
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time!
OIL FactsOIL Facts Oil can be a viscous thick or
thin black liquid formedthin black liquid formed from the buried remains of marine organisms Natural gas forms under
similar conditions, but as a gasgas Geologic faults and folds in
the earth help to trap oil andp p gas under anticline cap rocks
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Well. Well. Well.
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Oil Refineries
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The Price of “Crude” Impacts Our Daily Lives
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World wide 4 million cars are made each month.
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“Daddy, why is the sky brown?”
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nezu
ela
Ven
S di A bi 26% U S 26%
Have OilHave Oil Use OilUse Oil Saudi Arabia Iraq Kuwait IIran UAE Venezuela Russia Mexico Libya China Nigeria U.S.
26% 11% 10% 9%9% 8% 6% 5% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2%
U.S. China Japan GGermany Russia S. Korea France Italy Mexico Brazil Canada India
26% 9% 6% 4%4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
The U.S. uses more than the next 5 highestThe U.S. uses more than the next 5 highest 39consuming nations combined.consuming nations combined.
Updated August 2002. Source: International Energy Annual 1999 (EIA), Tables 1.2 and 8.1.
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Geopolitical ConcernsGeopolitical Concerns
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Geopolitical Concerns notGeopolitical Concerns…not
PETRO-POWER, PETRO-PERIL
42Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez Frias
just the Middle East
Environmental Concerns
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Environmental Concerns
Environmental Concerns
Th t f S i tThe government of Spain puts the estimated cost of cleaning up the Prestige oil tanker spill
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p g p at more than $1 billion.
Environmental Concerns
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Environmental Concerns
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At What Cost Do We Drill?At What Cost Do We Drill?
The debate about ANWR
You make the call: Oil or Pristine Environment?
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Oil P i i E i ?
Crude Reality In millions of barrels per day
50*Includes oil imports as well as U.S. crude and natural gas liquids. Source: National Geographic, August 2001 “Oil Field or Sanctuary?”
OilOil CONCERNS
BENEFITS Relatively low cost
Increases globalwarming Makes the air poll ted Relatively low cost
Infrastructure in place (wells, refineries, gasstations automobiles)
Makes the air polluted Oil spills can kill
many species and ruin stations, automobiles) y phabitats. Not renewable, limited
suppliessupplies. Geopolitical concerns
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Natural Gas
FactsFacts Colorless, odorless fuel that burns
cleaner than other fossil fuels Made up of hydrocarbon gases,
primarily methane Removed from underground with theRemoved from underground with the
same equipment that is used with crude oil
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Ships that gas in the night.
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How Do We Use Natural Gas?
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Natural Gas Uses
Heating Heating Cooling Production of electricity
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N t l G Natural Gas
BENEFITS Relatively low cost I f t t i l
CONCERNS Infrastructure in place
(wells, refineries, pipelines, power plants, appliances)
Increases global warming Prices on rise 40 year supply Cleanest burning fossil fuel 40 year supply
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Outlook for Fossil Fuel Resources Estimated Lifetimes of Fossil Fuel Resources
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(Based on Projected Annual Growth Rates: 1% for Petroleum, 2.8% for Natural Gas, and 2% for Coal)
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70
)
30
40
50
me
(yea
rs)
10
20
30
Tim
0 Worldwide Petroleum*
Worldwide Natural Gas**
U.S. Natural Gas**
U.S. Coal
58Source: Weisz, Physics Today, p. 47, July 2004
*Estimated peak in world petroleum supply ** Based on estimated natural gas resources
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Review Part 1. Nonrenewable Energy
SourcesSources Define nonrenewable energy.gyHow are fossil fuels formed? Compare and contrast the three main types ofCompare and contrast the three main types of
fossil fuels. Interpret the consequences of the rise in human p q
population and the supply of fossil fuels. What will driving be like in 10 years? 50 years?g y y What can you do about global warming?
Acknowledgements
• NREL Office of Education • Dr John Turner Hydrogen Wizard NRELDr. John Turner, Hydrogen Wizard, NREL • Ken Sheinkopf, President of the Florida
Solar Energy Society Solar Energy Society • Google Images
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