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Understanding DrupalWelcome to Drupal! Drupal is a powerful content management system which allows you to
create and maintain many different types of websites without needing to know any coding
languages.
INSTALLATION
http://drupal.org/node/1130898
To install Drupal on IIS version 7.0 by using Web PI 3.0, follow these
steps:
Prerequisites
Step 1. Install the Web Platform Installer 3.0
Step 2. Select the products and applications to install
Step 3. Review and configure the selected products and applications
Step 4. Verify the installation and configuration
Step 5. Enable clean URLs
http://drupal.org/node/1130898#prereqshttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#prereqshttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#installhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#installhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#selecthttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#selecthttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#reviewhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#reviewhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#verifyhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#verifyhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#enablehttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#enablehttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#enablehttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#verifyhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#reviewhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#selecthttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#installhttp://drupal.org/node/1130898#prereqs7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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STEP---1
Download Drupal1. At theproject download page, find the version you want to download. In this case, select
the first Drupal 7 version under the section 'Official Releases.' Click on 'Download.' Save the
file (don't open it with another program.)
2. Uncompress the file.Right-click on the .tar.gz file and select 7-Zip >> Extract here.Right-click on the .tar file and repeat. You will now see the final Drupal folder. Drag and
drop the folder where you need it to be.
Note: If you extract the files into a folder other than your web site's folder, copy thecontents of the Drupal folder into the appropriate web folder, rather than cutting/pasting
them. (This will ensure the files will inherit the appropriate permissions for the web server.)
Note:If you are using Apache instead of IIS skip the next two steps.
3. Create the files folder. In the sites/default folder, create a folder called files and grantmodify permissions for it to IIS_WPG (IIS6) or IIS_IUSRS (IIS7).
4. IIS7: Create/modify web.config file. Drupal distributions come with .htaccess filesfor *nix use; IIS7 users should convert this file to a web.config file for their site. If you have
used the IIS Manager to create a new site, a basic web.config file will exist in your site's
root directory. Edit the file to look like this example:
http://drupal.org/project/drupalhttp://drupal.org/project/drupalhttp://drupal.org/project/drupalhttp://drupal.org/project/drupal7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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-->
http://www.example.com/http://example.com/http://example.com/http://example.com/http://www.example.com/7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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Step 2: Create the database
Create a database and user using phpMyAdminThis presumes you have root access to phpMyAdmin
1. Log in to phpMyAdmin as the root user.2. Click Privileges andAdd a new User.3. In the User name field, enter the username you wish to use.4. In the Hostfield, select Localwhich is more secure, unless you will be accessing the
database with this user from another server.
5. Enter or generate a password for the user.6. In the Database for User list, select Create database with same name and grant all
privileges and click Go.
Create a database using PostgreSQL
The database must be created with UTF-8 (Unicode) encoding.
1. Create a database userThis step is only necessary if you don't already have a user setup (e.g. by your host) or you
want to create new user for use with Drupal only. The following command creates a new
user named 'username' (you should substitute this with the desired username), and
prompts for a password for that user:
createuser --pwprompt --encrypted --no-adduser
--no-createdb username
If everything works correctly, you'll see a CREATE USER notice.
2. Create the databaseThis step is only necessary if you don't already have a database setup (e.g. by your host) or
you want to create new database for use with Drupal only. The following command creates
a new database named "databasename" (you should substitute this with the desired
database name), which is owned by previously created "username":
createdb --encoding=UNICODE --owner=username databasename
If everything works correctly, you'll see a CREATE DATABASE notice.
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Step 3: The settings.php fileYour Drupal download comes with a sample configuration file at sites/default
/default.settings.php. The default file must be copied and the new file must be given the
correct name, settings.php.
Please note: With Drupal 7.x, on some types of shared/local hosting, if PHP and Apache are
run by the same user, Drupal will attempt to execute the first three steps for you. If you get
errors referring to the "Settings file" during installation, you can perform these steps
manually.
1. Copy the default.settings.php to settings.php.Do this from the command line (working from the root of the directory containing your
Drupal installation) by typing
cp sites/default/default.settings.php sites/default/settings.php.
Please note: Do not simply rename the file. The Drupal installer needs both files.
2. You should now have a default.settings.php AND a settings.php file inyour sites/default directory.
3. Make the settings file writeable, so that the installer can edit it, typechmod a+w sites/default/settings.php or
chmod 666 sites/default/settings.php
Both commands have the same effect.
Several FTP tools likeFilezilla, Transmit, and Fetch allow you to change file permissions,
using a 'file attribute' or 'get info' command. In this case the file permission should be set to
666. If your FTP client has checkboxes for setting permissions, check both the Read and
Write boxes for "Owner", "Group", and "Others" (but leave the Execute boxes unchecked).
4. Please note: Do not forget to change permissions back after you have run the installationscript.Those permissions should be:chmod 640 settings.php
chmod 755 ../default
5. To let the files directory be created automatically, give the web server write privileges to thesites/default directory.
chmod a+w sites/default
http://filezilla-project.org/http://filezilla-project.org/http://filezilla-project.org/http://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-file#comment-3016118http://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-file#comment-3016118http://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-file#comment-3016118http://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-file#comment-3016118http://filezilla-project.org/7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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Step 4: Run the installation script
Last updated June 9, 2012. Created byemmajaneon April 25, 2008.
Edited [email protected],Carolyn,arianek,Shai.Log in to edit this page.
For Drupal 7To run the Drupal install script, point your browser to the base URL of your web site.
The "base URL" means the document root (directory) where you placed your Drupal files
(and is defined in your web server configuration file). If you have installed Drupal on a web
host this will likely be a domain name such as http://www.example.com. If you installed
Drupal in a subfolder, then you should point your browser to the subfolder
(e.g. http://example.com/subfolder). If you have installed Drupal on your desktop machine
this URL might be http://localhost/drupal.
If the installation process does not simply appear by entering the base URL of your site, add
the file name "install.php" (for example http://www.example.com/install.php).
You will be guided through several screens:
1. Choose which profile to use for the installation (standard or minimal).Most people should select the "standard" option. The standard option comes with default
content types already enabled, such asArticle and Page, and with appropriate publishing
options already set. (Of course you can later edit these default content types and their
settings, or add additional ones.) The standard profile also has a useful collection of
modules pre-enabled for you.
The "minimal" option is targeted toward more experienced Drupal site creators who wish to
set up their own content types with associated publishing options. The minimal profile has
only three modules enabled:Block,Database logging, andUpdate status.
http://drupal.org/user/1773http://drupal.org/user/1773http://drupal.org/user/1773http://drupal.org/user/376529http://drupal.org/user/376529http://drupal.org/user/376529http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/50259http://drupal.org/user/50259http://drupal.org/user/50259http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F251031http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F251031http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F251031http://drupal.org/handbook/modules/blockhttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/blockhttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/blockhttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/dbloghttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/dbloghttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/dbloghttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/dbloghttp://drupal.org/handbook/modules/blockhttp://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F251031http://drupal.org/user/50259http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/376529http://drupal.org/user/17737/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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2. Select a languageIf you want to install using a language other than the default English, click the Learn how to
install Drupal in other languages link.
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3. Verify requirementsIf your installation directory is not yet configured properly, you will be informed at this step.
You can correct the settings individually and either refresh the browser screen or click 'Try
again' to see whether there are any errors left.
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Possible errors include:
Missing directories and/or incorrect permissionsThe installer will attempt to automatically set up a number of directories, but this may fail
due to permission settings. In this case you will find the missing directories listed.
sites/default/files sites/default/private sites/default/private/filesThese directories should be set to the following permissions chmod o+w
sites/default/files OR chmod 777 sites/default/files
Missing settings.php or incorrect permissionsIfsettings.php is missing or not accessible, follow the instructions inStep 3: Thesettings.php file. Note that you will need both the default.settings.php and settings.php
files.
4. Set up databaseEnter the database name as well as the username and password for the database that you
created inStep 2: Create the database. This username and password information allows
Drupal to access your database, so the install script can create tables. Note that this
http://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-filehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-filehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-filehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-filehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/create-databasehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/create-databasehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/create-databasehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/create-databasehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-filehttp://drupal.org/documentation/install/settings-file7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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is notthe username and password for administering Drupal; these will be created in the
next step.
TheAdvanced options will allow you to change the database host ('localhost' is usually used
in this entry: wamp/bin/apache/Apache2.2.11/bin/php.ini as an example of the location on a
Windows box runningWAMP). You can also change the port and the table prefix. You only
need to change the port if you are using a non-standard port number. The table prefix is
useful if you are installing multiple instances of Drupal tables that share the same database.
Click Save and continue at the bottom of the page.
5. Install profileA progress bar will appear and display notes from the installer regarding the progress of the
installation. If no errors are encountered, the next page will automatically load in your
browser.
http://www.wampserver.com/en/http://www.wampserver.com/en/http://www.wampserver.com/en/http://www.wampserver.com/en/7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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6. Configure siteInput the information for the first user account (which will be automatically assigned full
administration permissions) and provide basic web site settings.
In the Site name field enter the name you wish to use for the site. You can also edit it laterthrough the administration interface.
In the Site e-mail address field, enter the e-mail address that will be used by Drupal when itsends out notifications such as registration information.
In the Site maintenance accountfield, enter the Username, E-mail address,andpasswordfor the main administration account.Note that there is a distinction, as of Drupal 7, between the main administration account
that you set up on this page, and the "Administrator" site administratoruser role that you
will see when you visit the "Roles" and "Permissions" pages in the administration interface.
The account you set up in the Site maintenance accountsection during installation is a
super-user who has overall control over every aspect of the management and configuration
of the site. (This will be http://www.example.com/user/1, for those of you familiar with that
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account from earlier versions of Drupal.)
In the Server settings field, select your Default countryand Default time zone. In the Update notifications field leave both boxes checked if you want your Drupal server to
alert you when updates are required. Often updates relate to security issues and are
important to perform. However, if you have restricted Internet connectivity (for example if
you are behind a corporate firewall) you may want to leave these settings unchecked and
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test them later.
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Click "Save and continue". On success you will see the Drupal installation completescreen. If
there are any error messages, review and correct them now.
Secure your site
After the installation is complete, you will want to change the permissions on the
settings.php file back so that it is protected:
chmod u=rw,o=r,a=r sites/default/settings.php OR chmod 644 sites/default/settings.php
If you make manual changes to the settings.php file later, be sure to protect it again after
making your modifications.
Failure to remove write permissions to that file is a security risk. (Although the default
location for the settings.php file is at sites/default/settings.php, it may be in another
location if you use the multi-site setup.)
For Drupal 6To run the install script point your browser to the base URL of your website.
The base URL is defined in your Web server configuration file and is specific to the
document root where you placed your Drupal files. If you have installed Drupal on a Web
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server this will likely be a domain name such ashttp://example.com. If you have installed
Drupal on your desktop machine this URL might behttp://localhost.
You will be guided through several screens to set up the database, create tables,
add the first user account and provide basic web site settings.
http://example.com/http://example.com/http://example.com/http://localhost/http://localhost/http://localhost/http://localhost/http://example.com/7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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If you get any errors regarding the files directory and its permissions, read more
information about theFiles directory
http://drupal.org/node/394704http://drupal.org/node/394704http://drupal.org/node/394704http://drupal.org/node/3947047/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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Built-in Installation Profiles (Drupal 7)
Last updated March 10, 2012. Created byCarolynon April 14, 2011.
Edited byscreenack.Log in to edit this page.
The Standard profile has several core modules enabled. It has more default configuration
set up, including several default admin tools. This profile does more to show what core cando, and can save site building time by having defaults for common use cases.
The Minimal profile has only a few very basic modules installed. This profile is useful if you
only want very specific features, or if it will take more work to undo the defaults provided
with the Standard profile.
Details
This table shows what extra modules will get enabled with the Standard profile:
Module Minimal Standard
Block x x
Color x
Comment x
Contextual Links x
Dashboard x
Database Logging x x
Field x x
Field SQL storage x x
Field UI x
File x
Filter x x
Help x
http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/396627http://drupal.org/user/101000http://drupal.org/user/101000http://drupal.org/user/101000http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F1127786http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F1127786http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F1127786http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F1127786http://drupal.org/user/101000http://drupal.org/user/3966277/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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Module Minimal Standard
Image x
List x
Menu x
Node x x
Number x
Options x
Overlay x
Path x
RDF x
Search x
Shortcut x
System x x
Taxonomy x
Text x x
Toolbar x
User x x
Modules enabled by profile
Note: There are core modules not enabled in either profile, and those are not included in the
table. It is correct to say that Database Logging and Block are the only two modules that
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are enabled in Minimal. The other modules are required by Drupal. Update Status depends
on the user choosing updates during installation.
Structure
Content types
Minimal - There are no content types to start.
Standard - 2 premade content types, Basic Page, and Article
Basic Page - not promoted to front page, comments disabled, author and date not set to
display, rdf mapping 'foaf:Document'
Article - a default taxonomy named "Tags" enabled. Set to display author and date info,
comments enabled. Comes with an image field. The image field has an rdf mapping of
'og:image', 'rdfs:seeAlso' and the tags field has a rdf mapping of 'dc:subject'
Menus
Both - 4 default menus. The Navigation and Management menu blocks appear by default in
Bartik's first sidebar, and the user menu is printed in the upper right.
Minimal - The menu module is not enabled. Menus cannot be added or edited under
Structure > Menus until the Menu module is enabled.
Standard - Default home link in the Main Menu
Blocks
Minimal - The default Bartik theme has the following blocks enabled:
System help in the Help section
Main page content in the Content section
Navigation, User login, and Management in the Sidebar first section
Standard - The default Bartik theme has the following blocks enabled:
System help in the Help section
Main page content in the Content section
Search, Navigation, User login in the Sidebar first section
Powered by Drupal in the Footer
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Appearance
Minimal
Bartik is the default theme and the default admin theme
Standard
Bartik is the default theme
Seven is set as the admin theme, and set to appear when editing or creating content
Global and Bartik initial theme settings are the same.
Configuration
Account settings
Minimal - no default roles, no default admin roleStandard - There is a default role for administrator, who is set as the default admin role.
User pictures are enabled.
Text formats
Minimal - One Plain text format (default with drupal)
Standard - 3 text formats, Plain text, Full HTML, and Filtered HTML
Media
Standard - has three default styles: thumbnail, medium, and large (Minimal does not
have the Image module enabled.)
Database tables installed
Minimal - 48 tables installed in the database
Standard - 73 tables installed in the database
Enjoy your fresh pre-configured Drupal installation.
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Step 5: Set up cron
http://drupal.org/cron
Configuring cron is an extremely important task in your Drupal website setup. Searchmodule's indexing of your website's content, Aggregator module's retrieval of feeds, Ping
module's notification of other sites of updates, and System module's routine maintenance
tasks, such as pruning of logs, all depend on a properly configured cron job.
What is a cron job?
Many Drupal modules have tasks that have to take place from time to time. Think of cron as
the tolling of a bell, letting Drupal know that it should perform the appropriate tasks.
The actual "cron job" is a time-triggered action that is usually (and most efficiently)
performed by your website's hosting server, but can also be configured by a remote service
or even from your own desktop.
For your Drupal site, what actually happens is that the cron job triggers an invisible visit to
the site's cron.php file (http://www.example.com/cron.php) which, in turn, executes tasks
on behalf of installed modules. [Note: In Drupal 7, the direct path to cron is obscured by a
key (to prevent unauthorized bots from hammering your cron). The exact path to your site's
cron file
e.g.,http://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v1
1... is displayed in your site's Status Report.]
Triggering Drupal cron without a cron job
With the inclusion of "Poor man's cron" in the Drupal 7 core, it is no longer necessary to set
up a cron job on your web server. Instead, you can configure the frequency with which cron
is run on admin/config/system/cron (Administration > Configuration > System > Cron).
Cron will then be triggered by end users visiting your site. (You can also disable this
functionality entirely for performance here, by setting the "Run cron every" value to "Never"
or setting $conf['cron_safe_threshold'] = 0 in settings.php.)
Poormanscron
Step 6: Clean URLs
Enabling Clean URLs in DrupalNote: The standard Drupal installation contains a sample .htaccess file which supports clean
URLs. It is easy to miss copying this file, because of the leading "dot". So before trying to
enable Clean URLs, make sure this file exists in your Drupal installation.
http://www.example.com/cron.phphttp://www.example.com/cron.phphttp://www.example.com/cron.phphttp://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v11i-vNeSfhttp://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v11i-vNeSfhttp://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v11i-vNeSfhttp://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v11i-vNeSfhttp://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v11i-vNeSfhttp://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=hW309d0DD2Qw4_4NXXnUW7q3SFCQfPP8v11i-vNeSfhttp://www.example.com/cron.php7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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Drupal 7.x
In Drupal 7, the installer tests for compatibility with Clean URLs as a part of the installation
process. If the environment is tested as compatible with Clean URLs, it will be enabled as
part of the installation process and no further action is required to enable Clean URLs.
If you need to enable Clean URLs post installation, Drupal will run the clean URL test
automatically when you navigate to the Clean URLs configuration page (Administer >Configuration > Search and metadata), show the results, and allow you to save
configuration.
You can enable or disable it at a later time by following these steps:
1. Navigate to the Clean URLs configuration page (Administer > Configuration > Searchand metadata)
2. Wait for the automated Clean URLs test to run.3. Check or uncheck the Enable clean URLs checkbox4. Click "Save configuration"
Even if Clean URLs are successfully enabled at install-time, if you have a dedicated server
you may still want to follow the steps (below) to enable the more efficient httpd.conf rewrite
method for clean URLs. If you choose to do that, you might want to turn off Clean URLs
while you are working on the server.
STEP-8
After Installation
Installing modules and themes
Last updated April 24, 2011. Created bysepeckon September 16, 2007.
Edited byogi,arianek,silverwing,bethhauck.Log in to edit this page.
Now that you've installed Drupal, you will want to customize it to your tastes by adding
modules and themes. The basics of managing modules and themes are fairly similar. If you
browse to the sites/all folder you will find a README.txt file.
This directory should be used to place downloaded and custom modules and themes which
are common to all sites. This will allow you to more easily update Drupal core files. These
modules and themes should be placed in subdirectories called modules and themes as
follows:
sites/all/modules sites/all/themes
You can find a synopsis of any contributed module or theme by visiting its project page, but
many modules and themes also include README.txt file with more detailed information.
http://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/71467http://drupal.org/user/71467http://drupal.org/user/71467http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/13009http://drupal.org/user/13009http://drupal.org/user/13009http://drupal.org/user/412953http://drupal.org/user/412953http://drupal.org/user/412953http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176043http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176043http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176043http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176043http://drupal.org/user/412953http://drupal.org/user/13009http://drupal.org/user/158886http://drupal.org/user/71467http://drupal.org/user/51957/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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To view a module's README.txt file without having to download anything,
visit http://drupalcode.org/project/modulename.git/blob/HEAD:/README.txt. Be sure to first
replace the word modulename with the name of the particular module.
For themes, visit http://drupalcode.org/project/themename.git/blob/HEAD:/README.txt.
Option 1: Upload the module through the Drupal interface
Navigate to the install page. Navigate to Modules > List (tab),or http://example.com/admin/modules, and click the link 'Install new module.' (You must
have theUpdate managermodule enabled to see this link.) Follow the prompts. You will be prompted to provide either the URL to the download, or
to upload the .tar.gz or .zip file from your local computer. Click 'Install', and the Update
manager will copy the files into your sites/all/modules folder. (SeeUpdate managerfor
more information about what that core module can do.) The next screen gives you two
links. Click 'Enable newly added modules' and skip down to the 'Enable and configure'
section.
If your site asks for your FTP username and password, it is referring to the
username and password to access yoursite, not drupal.org
A note about FTP: If FTP is not enabled for your server, you may receive an error message.
Drupal will not be able to diagnose the problem, only tell you that there is one. It's up to
you to determine whether your server is properly configured for FTP.
Option 2: Upload the module manually
Extract the files.The downloaded module package will be in a compressed file format suchas 'tar.gz'. On Windows, use a program like7-zipto extract the files. On modern Mac
systems, double-click the .tar.gz file. For *nix systems, use the command line:
http://drupal.org/documentation/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/documentation/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/documentation/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/documentation/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/documentation/modules/updatehttp://www.7-zip.org/http://www.7-zip.org/http://www.7-zip.org/http://www.7-zip.org/http://drupal.org/documentation/modules/updatehttp://drupal.org/documentation/modules/update7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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tar -zxvf modulename-drupalversionnumber.tar.gz
You should see a list of files extracted into a folder.
Upload the folder. Transfer your files with SFTP orFTP to the desired modules folder in your Drupal installation (or if you are using version
control, add and commit them to your code repository). The modules folder at the top level
of your Drupal installation is reserved for Drupal core modules (the ones that come with the
original download of Drupal). Contributed modules belong in sites/all/modules. If you are
running amulti-site installationof Drupal, use sites/my.site.folder/modulesfor modules
there that are specific to a particular site in your installation. Modules that will be shared
between all sites should be placed in sites/all/modules.
Please note: Especially for sites with a lot of additional modules, many people have begun
to further divide the modules folder, to help stay organized. A typical way of doing thiswould be:
sites/all/modules/contrib for all contributed modules. sites/all/modules/custom for all custom modules. sites/all/modules/features if you have additional modules that were created
usingFeatures.
Enable and configure
Read the directions. If the module has an installation file (usually INSTALL.txt and/orREADME.txt), read it for specific instructions. There are modules that require special
treatment, and even modules that depend on other downloaded files to function properly.
Sometimes the README file has no .txt extension. If you double-click it, your computerwon't know what program to use. In that case, open a text editor first, and then open the
file using the editor's 'file open' command.
Enable the module. Navigate toAdminister >Modules or http://example.com/admin/modules. Check the 'Enabled' box next to the module
and then click the 'Save Configuration' button at the bottom. Note: If you are updating an
existing module, you'll need to click 'update script' at the top of the page or
loadhttp://www.example.com/update.php, then click 'Continue' (after making a backup of
both your database and 'sites' folder).
Set up permissions. Some modules will require that you change permissions to get themworking. Permissions information may be in the instructions that came with the module.
Navigate toAdminister > Modules and click on the 'Permissions' button for the desired
module. You can also do this on the
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Permissions page (Administer > People > Permissions). Scroll down to see if the module
appears in the list and, if it does, give the appropriate permissions to desired roles.
Adjust settings. Most modules will have some type of settings page. It will vary frommodule to module but if not described in the README.txt file, it can usually be located by
navigating to (Administer > Modules) and clicking on the 'Configure' link for that module.
Not all modules have settings pages.Please note: You can only have one copy of a module with the same name in each Drupal
site. The module's name is determined by the name of the .module file, not by the name of
the directory.
Tip: If you run into problems, search the module's issue queue and theforums. If your
problem hasn't already been addressed, post a question or issue and someone will try to
help you out.
Tip: To keep up-to-date on any issues and fixes related to your newly installed module(s),
you cancreate a user accounton Drupal.org (if you haven't done so all ready) and then
subscribe to the feed of each module you are using.
Installing themes
Last updated June 20, 2012. Created bysepeckon September 16, 2007.Edited byGreenSkunk,aspilicious,WorldFallz,heather.Log in to edit this page.
1. Download the theme.You can find themes onhttp://drupal.org/project/themes, as well as some external sites.
Make sure the version of the theme matches your version of Drupal. Note that themes
labeled "DEV" are in a development stage. They may be written for a
previous/current/future version of Drupal, and they are considered unstable and should be
handled with care.
2. Extract the files.When you first get the theme, it will appear in a compressed file format such as 'tar.gz'.
On Windows, use a program like 7-Zip to extract it. On the Mac, you can use Stuffit
Expander. To extract the file using the Unix command line:tar -zxvf themename-drupalversionnumber.tar.gz
You should see a list of files extracted into a folder.
3. Upload the folder.FTP/Copy/SCP your files to the desired themes folder in your Drupal installation. Since
the themes folder at the top level of Drupal is typically reserved for Drupal core themes,
you should create a sites/all/themes/ directory for contributed(non-core) themes and
put uploaded themes there. If you are running amulti-site installationof Drupal, you can
http://drupal.org/forumhttp://drupal.org/forumhttp://drupal.org/forumhttp://drupal.org/user/registerhttp://drupal.org/user/registerhttp://drupal.org/user/registerhttp://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/254048http://drupal.org/user/254048http://drupal.org/user/254048http://drupal.org/user/172527http://drupal.org/user/172527http://drupal.org/user/172527http://drupal.org/user/155304http://drupal.org/user/155304http://drupal.org/user/155304http://drupal.org/user/740http://drupal.org/user/740http://drupal.org/user/740http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176045http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176045http://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176045http://drupal.org/project/themeshttp://drupal.org/project/themeshttp://drupal.org/project/themeshttp://drupal.org/node/346385http://drupal.org/node/346385http://drupal.org/node/346385http://drupal.org/node/346385http://drupal.org/project/themeshttp://drupal.org/user?destination=node%2F176045http://drupal.org/user/740http://drupal.org/user/155304http://drupal.org/user/172527http://drupal.org/user/254048http://drupal.org/user/5195http://drupal.org/user/registerhttp://drupal.org/forum7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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create a themes folder under sites/my.site.folder and put themes there that are specific to
a particular site in your installation. Themes that will be shared between all sites should be
placed in sites/all/themes.
4. Read the directions.If the theme has an installation file (usually INSTALL.txt and/or README.txt), read it for
specific instructions. There are themes that require special treatment to function properly.5. Enable the theme.
Go to administer > site building > themes. Check the 'Enabled' box next to the theme.
6. Optional: Make it the active, default theme.Check the 'default' box to make this the chosen theme for your site. Enabled alone will
allow users to select the theme, if you have allowed that permission.
7. Click the 'Save Configuration' button at the bottom.If you run into problems, check the themes issue queue and search the forums. If your
problem hasn't already been addressed, post a question and someone will try to help you
out.
Theme settingsDrupal 7You can locate these settings at "Administer > Appearance > Settings > themeName". For
example, the site's slogan can be suppressed by unchecking the "Site slogan" check box on
that page.
These checkboxes show themselves depending on the features enabled inside the.info file.
It must be specified with the key of 'features' followed by empty brackets then the feature
itself, e.g., features[] = the_feature. If none are defined, the following values are
assumed.
features[] = logo
features[] = name
features[] = slogan
features[] = node_user_picture
features[] = comment_user_picture
features[] = comment_user_verification
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features[] = favicon
features[] = main_menu
features[] = secondary_menu
Drupal 7 removes the previously available mission and search as theme features (they can
be created and controlled as blocks instead) and adds a toggle for "User verification status
in comments".
To disable any features, only add the ones you want into the .info file. Defining only the
features needed for the theme will omit the rest. Some of the features will also enable
related form fields. For example, 'logo' will enable an upload field for the image along with
the checkbox.
A few notes:
The contents of the .info file are cached in the database so altering it will not be noticed byDrupal. (Do not confuse this with thetheme registry.) To learn how to clear it, check out the
options inClearing the theme cache.
hook_features() is no longer supported.
http://drupal.org/node/173880#theme-registryhttp://drupal.org/node/173880#theme-registryhttp://drupal.org/node/173880#theme-registryhttp://drupal.org/node/337176http://drupal.org/node/337176http://drupal.org/node/337176http://drupal.org/node/337176http://drupal.org/node/173880#theme-registry7/29/2019 Understandin..drupal
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IIS (Windows)
On a Windows system using IIS:
1. Right-click on sites\default\settings.php and grant Write permissions toIUSR_MachineName (IIS6) or IUSR (IIS7).
Server 2008: You can also do this from the command line from within your sites\defaultdirectory:
icacls settings.php /grant IUSR:W
The installer will change the file back to Read Only after installation, but you should verify
this after installation.
What is PDO?
Last updated August 10, 2012. Created bybekasuon August 14, 2009.
Edited byklauq,authentictech,Carolyn,Damien Tournoud.Log in to edit this page.
PDO is an acronym for PHP Data Objects. PDO is a lean, consistent way to access
databases. This means developers can write portable code much easier. PDO is not an
abstraction layer like PearDB. PDO is a more like a data access layer which uses a unified
API (Application Programming Interface).
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How to enable PDO
To enable PDO, configure --enable-pdo and --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pdo-mysql or whatever
database needs supporting by PDO (see thePHP manualfor more information).
Windows users
For Apache, you will need to make sure php_pdo.dll and php_pdo_mysql.dll exist in thephp/ext directory, un-comment or add the appropriate lines in php.ini, and restart the web
server.
For IIS, PDO DLLs are not enabled by default. The preferred method for enabling them isto go to the Control Panel | Add/Remove Programs, highlight your PHP installation and click
"Change" (Change/Remove - XP). Specify "FastCGI", then modify the installed extensions to
include these two, then restart your server.
http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php#94605http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php#94605http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php#94605http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php#94605