PROJECT REPORTON

WI-FI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR. S.K. DANI (SDE)

SUBMITTED BY:

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DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Project entitled “WI-FI” being submitted in partial fulfillment for the certificate for vocational training to “Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Durg” is the authentic record of our own work done under the guidance of Mr. S.K. Dani (SDE), our project guidence.

ACKNOELEDGEMENT

First & foremost, we thank Almighty God for giving me this unique opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have extended helping hands to make this study success.

We have a great pleasure in expressing my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. S.K. Dani (SDE), without whose help we would never have achieved completion in our work. We would heartily like to thank DGM(CFA) and all our teachers for guiding us forth in this project.

With due regards we feel immense pleasure in expressing our deepest gratitude to our amiable parents & friends whose filial affection, encouragement & blessing have been a beacon light to us in all undertakings.

Date: - 26.06.2013 submitted by: Place: - Durg. 1: 2: 3: 4:

CONTENTS

Introduction Wi-Fi technologies Wi-Fi network elements How a Wi-Fi network works Wi-Fi network topologies Wi-Fi security techniques Applications of Wi-Fi Advantages of Wi-Fi Disadvantages of Wi-Fi

INTRODUCTION

Wi-Fi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections

Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standards for wireless local area networks.

Wi-Fi network connect computers to each other to the internet and to the wired network.

WI-FI TECHNOLOGY

Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies to transmit & receive data at high speed:

→IEEE 802.11b→IEEE 802.11a→IEEE 802.11g

IEEE 802.11b

Appear in late 1999. Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum. 11Mbps (theoretical speed) within 30m

range. 4-6Mbps (actual speed) 100-150 feet range. Most popular, least expensive. Interference from mobile phones and

bluetooth devices which can reduce the transmission speed.

IEEE 802.11a

Introduced in 2001. Operates at 5GHz (less popular) 54 Mbps (theoretical speed) 15-20 Mbps (actual speed) 50-75 feet range More expensive Not compatible with 802.11b

IEEE 802.11g

Introduced in 2003 Combine the feature of both standards

(a,b) 100-150 feet range 54 Mbps speed 2.4GHz radio frequencies Compatible with “b”

LIST OF WI-FI TECHNOLOGY

IEEE Standard or Amendment

Maximum Data Rate

Typical Range Frequency Band Comments

802.11 2 Mbps 50-100 meters 2.4 GHz

802.11a 54 Mbps 50-100 meters 5 GHz Not compatible with 802.11b

802.11b 11 Mbps 50-100 meters 2.4 GHzEquipment based on802.11b has been the dominant WLAN technology

802.11g 54 Mbps 50-100 meters 2.4 GHz Backward compatible with 802.11b

WI-FI NETWORK ELEMENTS

Access point (AP): The AP is a wireless LAN transceiver or “base station” that can connect one or many wireless devices simultaneously to the internet.

Wi-Fi cards: They accept the wireless signal and relay information. They can be internal & external.

Safeguards: Firewalls and anti-virus software protect networks from uninvited users and keep information secure.

HOW A WI-FI NETWORK WORKS

Basic concept is same as walkie-talkies. A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access

point to an internet connection. An access point acts as a base station. When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot

the device can then connect to that network wirelessly.

A single access point can support up to 30 users and can function within a range of 100-150 feet indoors and up to 300 feet outdoors.

Many access point can be connected to each other via Ethernet cables to create a single large network.

WI-FI NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

AP based topology (infrastructure mode)

Peer-to-peer topology

Point-to-multipoint bridge topology

AP BASED TOPOLOGY

The client communicate through access point.

BSA-RF coverage provided by an AP. ESA-IT consist of 2 or more BSA. ESA cell includes 10-15% overlap to

allow roaming.

PEER-TO-PEER TOPOLOGY

AP is not required. Client devices within a cell can

communicate directly with each other.

It is useful for setting up of a wireless network quickly and easily.

POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT BRIDGE TOPOLOGY

This is used to connect a LAN in one building to a LANs in other buildings even if the buildings are miles apart.

WI-FI SECURITY TECHNIQUES

Service set identifier (SSID) Wired equivalent privacy (WEP) 802.1X access control Wireless protected access (WPA) IEEE 802.11i

APPLICATIONS OF WI-FI

Home Small Businesses Large corporation & campuses Health care Traveller Wireless ISP

ADVANTAGES

Mobility Easy of installation Flexibility Cost Reliability Security Roaming Speed

LIMITATIONS

Interference Degradation in performance High power consumption Limited range

THANKYOU