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Stability in Decisive Action

LTC Judah Whitney

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To foster an understanding of the doctrinal concepts discussed in FM 3-07(6 OCT 2008) Stability Operations

Purpose

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Agenda

Definition

Stability Ops in Major Operations

How?

Essential Stability Task Matrix

Establish Civil Security

Establish Civil Control

Restore Essential Services

Support to Governance

Support to Economic/Infrastructure Development

Inform & Influence Activities

Key Take Aways

Conclusion

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References

• ADP 3-0, Unified Land Operations, Oct 2011

• FM 3-07, Stability Operations, Oct 2008

• JP 3-0, Joint Operations, Aug 2011

• JP 3-07, Stability Operations, Sep 2011

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Definition

An overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, and activities conductedin coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.

What does this mean to

you?

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On 20 December 1989, the US committed forces in Panama to protect US citizens, secure the Panama Canal, support democracy for the people of Panama, and apprehend Manuel Noriega

• Widespread looting and general lawlessness reduced Panama to a state of anarchy

• Task force units had to quickly bring some order to both the cities and the countryside

• Providing medical care and emergency food and water to supporting the training of local police was required

• President George Bush sent in 2,000 additional troops to support the 22,500 already there in conducting stability operations

• 200 civil affairs and 250 psychological operations personnel bolstered the newly installed Panamanian government

• The situation became more stable and the democratic process began to take hold, Operation JUST CAUSE ended on 31 January 1990

SOURCE: Joint Military Operations Historical Collection

Stability Operations in a Major Operation

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Decisive Action—the continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks.

ADRP 3-0 (FD), SEP 11

Weight of Effort

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HOW?

• Sudden appearance of military forces typically produces a combination of shock and relief among the local populace

• Dictating the terms of action and driving positive change in the environment improve the security situation and create opportunities for civilian agencies to contribute

• Failing to act quickly may create a breeding ground for dissent and possible recruiting opportunities for enemies or adversaries

Initiative

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HOW?

• Lethal

- Often critical to overcoming violent opposition, yet enduring success is generally achieved through nonlethal activities

• Nonlethal

- Require greater emphasis

- Nonlethal actions expand the options available to commanders to achieve their objectives

- Nonlethal actions range from constructive activities focused on building institutional capacity and social well-being to coercive activities intended to compel certain behaviors

Lethal and Nonlethal ActionsLethal actions can have

far reaching and strategic effects.

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HOW?

• An integrated approach is necessary to achieve true unity of effort

• A comprehensive approach to stability operations is attained through close, continuous coordination and cooperation among the actors

• Reduces internal discord, inadequate structures and procedures, incompatible or underdeveloped communications infrastructure, cultural differences, and bureaucratic and personnel limitations

Linking Military and Civilian Efforts

Who is spearheading these efforts?

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The Essential Stability Task Matrix

• The essential stability task matrix facilitates coordination

• Provides a means of integrating activities by various actors at the tactical level

• Helps attain unity of effort across the stability sectors

• Focuses all activities towards a common set of objectives and a shared understanding of the desired end state

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The Essential Stability Task Matrix

FM 3-07, OCT 08

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Establish Civil Security

• Efforts in the security sector focus on establishing a stable security environment and developing legitimate institutions and infrastructure to maintain that environment

• In the most pressing conditions, expeditionary forces assume responsibility for all efforts in the security sector. This is part of Establishing Civil Security

• For the results of these efforts to be lasting, HOST-NATION FORCES acting on behalf of the host nation and its people — MUST PROVIDE

SECURITY

What methods can we use to stimulate HN security

force involvement?

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Establish Civil Control

• Establishing civil control is an initial step toward instituting rule of law and stable, effective governance

• Civil control centers on justice reform and the rule of law, supported by efforts to rebuild the host-nation judiciary, police, and corrections systems.

• Building host-nation capacity for civil control is paramount to establishing the foundation for lasting civil order.

– Community-oriented police services under civilian control

– Clearly separate and distinct roles of the police and military

How are we planning for restoring ROL and

governance?

Planning Assumptions?

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Restore Essential Services(1 of 2)

• Military forces support efforts to establish or restore the most basic civil services to sustain the population until local civil services are restored: the essential food, water, shelter, and medical support

• Military forces generally center their efforts on the initial response tasks that provide for the immediate needs of the populace

• Other civilian agencies and organizations focus on broader humanitarian issues and social well-being

What types of additional forces will be required to restore

essential services?

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Restore Essential Services (2 of 2)

What types of additional forces will be required to restore

essential services?

Military

• Special Operations Forces• Engineer• Health Services Support• Civil Affairs• Military Police• Security Forces• Intelligence

Non-Military

• Intergovernmental Organization• Non-Governmental Organization• Provincial Reconstruction Team• Host Nation Government• Intel Agencies• Local National Contract Transp.

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Support to Governance

• Governance is the process, systems, institutions, and actors that enable a state to function; effective, legitimate governance ensures that these are transparent, accountable, and involve public participation

• Military support to governance focuses on restoring public administration and resuming public services

• Military efforts enable the host nation to develop an open political process, a free press, a functioning civil society, and legitimate legal and constitutional frameworks

What capabilities exist within your organization to assess and

re-establish governance?

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Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development

• The economic viability of a state is among the first elements of society to exhibit stress and ultimately fracture as conflict, disaster, and internal strife overwhelms the government

• Infrastructure development complements and reinforces efforts to stabilize the economy. Physical aspects of infrastructure include:

- Transportation, such as roads, railways, airports, ports, and waterways.

- Telecommunications- Energy, such as natural resources, the electrical power sector, and

energy production and distribution

- Municipal and other public services

How is your organization structured, manned and equipped to support

Economic/Infrastructure development?

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• Engagement tasks are fundamental to each stability sector; information engagement integration is vital to success

• Exploiting or ceding the initiative within the information domain is often a matter of precise timing and coordination

• Information engagement is essential to achieving decisive results: the recovery of the host-nation government and the attainment of a lasting, stable peace

Inform Influence Activities (IIA) Engagement

How have we integrated IIA into Stability Operations?

FM 3-07, OCT 08

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IIA Throughout StabilityPhase 0

Shape OpsPhase 2Seize the Initiative

Phase 3Dominate

Phase 4 Stabilize

Phase 5Enable Civil

Authority

Phase 1Deter

Influence

Inform

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Key Takeaways

• Military missions must be coordinated and integrated with other instruments of national power in order to succeed in Stability Operations

• Success in Stability Operations hinges on seizing the initiative and dictating the terms of action

• A comprehensive approach to stability operations is attained through close, continuous coordination and cooperation amongst all involved actors

• The Essential Stability Matrix facilitates coordination, integrates all activities, supports unity of effort, and focuses all activities towards a common understanding of the desired end state

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