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1
UMTS: High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) Technology
Syed Ismail ShahIqra University Islamabad,
Pakistan.
2
Outline
• Introduction• Basics of CDMA• UMTS: WDMA Release 99• UMTS: HSDPA Release 5• UMTS: HSUPA Release 6
3
Introduction
4
• The International Telecommunications Union (ITU)defined the key requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) services.
• These requirements were that the system should supportdata rates of:
• 2 Mbps in fixed or in-building environments• 384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments•144 kbps in wide area mobile environments
• IMT-2000 is more commonly known as… 3G.
IMT-2000 (3G)
5
Europe
2000 2001 2002 2003
Japan
America
PDC
GSM
AMPS/D-AMPS
IS-95A IS-95B
D-AMPS
GPRS EDGE
W-CDMA
HSCSD
CDMA2000
2G System
3G System
Easy upgradeUpgrade requiring new modulationUpgrade requiring entire new radio system
Migration Path
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Timeline: For UMTS and CDMA2000
7
Number of 3G subscribers: 550 Million
Source: www.3gtoday.com: (Retired), Above slide: July 31, 2007
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• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Wide-band CDMA is a 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based Radio Access Network (RAN), with chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
• Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network.
• “WCDMA” refers to the FDD Physical Layer and the protocols that support it.
• “UTRAN” refers to the WCDMA Radio Access network.
• “UMTS” refers to the entire network.
What is UMTS/WCDMA?
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
9
UMTS Releases
• Release 99: WCDMA
• Release 4: TD-SCDMA
• Release 5: HSDPA
• Release 6: HSUPA
• Combined HSDPA and HSUPA is called HSPA.
10
The UMTS Network
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
11
The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (UARFCN), where
Fcenter = UARFCN * 200 KHz
UMTS/WCDMA Bandwidth
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UMTS Terminology
13
UMTS Network Topology
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
14
Basics of CDMA
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CB D
FG E
A
CB D
FG E
A
CB D
FG E
A AA A
AA A
A
AA A
AA A
A
AA A
AA A
A
FrequencyReuse Factor = 7 for
AMPS
FrequencyReuse Factor = 7 for
AMPSCC
BB DD
EEAA
FFGG
AA
CDMA UniversalFrequency ReuseCDMA UniversalFrequency Reuse
Frequency Reuse Factor = 4 for TDMA systems
Universal Frequency Reuse
16
Universal Frequency Reuse
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Codes in UMTS/WCDMA
• OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes• Gold Codes: Spreading Codes
• DL PSC: 512, SSC: 7680• UL Scrambling Codes: 16.8 million
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Orthogonal functions have zero correlation.
Two binary sequences are orthogonal if the
process of “XORing” them results in an equal
number of 1s and -1s:
Example: -1 -1 1 1
-1 1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1
Orthogonal Sequences
Orthogonal codes in WCDMA are termed orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes.
Orthogonal Codes
19
User Separation using Orthogonal Codes
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
20
Recovering the user data
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
21
OVSF Codes
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
22
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
OVSF Code Usage
23
OVSF Tree
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
24
• Gold codes (produced using M-sequences)
• M-sequences (maximum length pseudorandombinary sequences) or PN codes
Gold Codes
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
25
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
26
Generation of Gold Codes (25-1)
• Using two preferred M-sequence generators of degree r,with a fixed non-zero seed in the first generator.
• The Downlink Gold code sequences are of length 218-1.They begin at phase 0, go up to phase 38399, and arerepeated.
• The Uplink Gold code sequences are of length 225-1.
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
27
Cross-Correlation of Gold Codes
Example: N=18, t(n)=1+210=1025ACF=218=262,144, Normalized=1.Normalized Cross corr.=0.0039
28
UMTS: WCDMA Release 5
29
Generic Physical Layer Procedures
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
30
Spreading and Scrambling (DL)
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
31
Spreading and Scrambling (UL)
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
32
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
Scrambling Codes
33
UMTS Channels
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
34
Soft Handover
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
35
High Speed Packet Access (HSDPA): Release 5
36
Evolution of 3G
37
Evolution of 3G: Data Rates
38
Packet Data in Release 99
39
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
40
How does HSDPA address the limitations of Release 99?
• Adaptive modulation and coding
– Fast feedback of channel condition
– QPSK and 16-QAM
– Coding from R=1/3 to R=1
• Multi-Code operation
– Multiple codes allocated per user
– Fixed spreading factor
• Node B scheduling
– Physical Layer HARQ
HSDPA Basic Concepts
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
41
The New Data Channel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
42
HS-PDSCH
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
43
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
44
Link Adaptation Versus Power Control
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
45
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
• Scheme combining ARQ and Forward Error Correction
• FEC decoding based on all unsuccessful transmissions
• Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol
• Two basic schemes:
– Chase Combining
-Same data block is sent at each retransmission
– Incremental Redundancy (IR)
- Additional Redundant Information sent at each retransmission
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
46
HARQ Example
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
47
Comparison Summary
48
Network Architecture with HSDPA
49
Transport Channel
• High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)
– Downlink Transport Channel
Physical Channels
• High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
– Downlink Control Channel
• High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
– Downlink Data Channel
• High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH)
– Uplink Control Channel
HSDPA Channels
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
50
HSDPA Channels
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
51
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCHSpreading and Modulation
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
52
HSDPA Operation
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
53
HSDPA Operation: Timeline
54
HS-PDSCH
55
HS-PDCCH
56
HS-SCCH
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
57
HSDPA Data Rate
58
HSDPA Data Rate
59
Theoretical HSDPA Data Rate
60
Use of Multiple Codes
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
61
Consecutive Assignment
62
Going from QPSK to 16-QAM: 7.2Mbps X 2 = 14.4 Mbps
Code Puncturing and use of QAM
63
Review
64
OVSF Allocation
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
65
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA): Release 7
66
Release 99 Uplink Packet Data
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
67
Release 99 Uplink Limitations
68
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSPA)
Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH)
69
HSUPA vs. HSDPA
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
70
Rise-Over-Thermal Noise
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
71
Node B Scheduler for HSUPA
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
72
Rise-Over-Thermal Loading
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
73
HSUPA Channel Operation
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
74
HSUPA Channel Operation Contd.
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
75
HSUPA Channel Operation Contd.
GRANT: E-AGCH (Absolute Grant CH)
76Data: E-DPDCH, Control: DPCCH
HSUPA Channel Operation Contd.
77
ACK/NAK: E-HICH (Enhanced Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
HSUPA Channel Operation Contd.
78
HSUPA Uplink Channels
79
HSUPA Uplink Channels Contd.
80
Uplink Channels
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
81
Downlink Channels
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
82
HSUPA Channel Timing
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
83
HSUPA Channel Mapping
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
84
UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPA
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
85
Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate
86
E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
87
Lower Spreading Factor SF2
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 3840 bits (for 1920 kpbs).
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
88
Multi-code Transmission
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
89
Timeline: For UMTS and CDMA2000
90
Other Standards • Worlwide Interoperability Microwave Access
(WiMax)– Operate in the 2.5, 3.5, or 5.8 GHz bands.– Data Rates now close to 73 Mbps (in 20 MHz of
spectrum) – Versions: IEEE 802.16d and e with amendments
like: 802.16f, g, h, i, j and k– Uses OFDM
• IEEE 802.20: Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) (Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff ) FLASH-OFDM. (suspended but being developed under the name of EVDO Rev C: UMB)
91
Amendments to the IEEE 802.16 standardAn amendment to the standard, IEEE 802.16e addressing mobility, was concluded in 2005. This is sometimes called “Mobile WiMAX”, after theWiMAX forum for interoperability. Active amendments:
•802.16f – Management Information BaseAmendments in development:
•802.16g - Management Plane Procedures and ServicesAmendments at pre-draft stage:
•802.16h - Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt Operation •802.16i - Mobile Management Information Base •802.16j - Mobile Multihop Relay •802.16k - Bridging
Ref: http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/IEEE_802.16
92
Cellular Technology Roadmap
93
Why are new services/mobile content required?Tough competitionLow ARPUNo differentiation in Service Offerings
Problem:What services will differentiate one operator from the other?How would these services be delivered?
Issues
94
Technologies
2G: Mainly Voice & SMS
2.5G: Limited Data Capability
3G and Beyond: High Speed Data coupled with data centric applications and services
95
Services Continue to Evolve With Enriched User Experiences
Wallpaper
Location BasedServices2D Gaming
Ringtones
Mobile TV
3D Gaming
Music & Video on Demand
Services Evolution
Paul,How
did the meeting go?
Send Options
Text Messaging MMS
Voice
Social Networking
Blogging
Mobile Commerce
RSS Feeds & Tagging
96
1) WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
2) WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, H. Holma and A. Toskla, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
3) Scrambling Techniques for CDMA Communications, B. G. Lee and B. Kim, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
4) HSDPA: Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS University.
5) HSUPA:Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS University.
6) HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS, Ed. Holma and A. Toskla, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
References