Small Fruit Variety Update Jim Luby lubyx001@umn.edu

Testing in Univ. of Minnesota Strawberry Program

Yield Trial 3 locations (Grand Rapids, Chanhassen,

Morris) 3 plots (15 feet) Harvested 2 years, observational data

Testing in Univ. of Minnesota Blueberry Program

Yield Trial Becker and Grand Rapids 10-16 plants Harvested until 20 years old, observational

data

Testing in Univ. of Minnesota Bramble Program

Field and High Tunnel Trials Grand Rapids, Morris, Crookston

Features of 2010 Strawberry Yield Trial

Excellent snow cover in 2009-10

Little winter injury Poor Establishment at

Grand Rapids Spring Frost at Grand

Rapids Warm, early season

2010

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Yield vs Berry Wt - HRC

Valley Sunset

MesabiWendy Itasca

Brunswick

Kent

Glooscap

WinonaJewel

DarselectL'Amour

Annapolis

HoneoyeCavendish

L'AmourKent

Cavendish

Darselect

2009

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Yield vs Berry Wt - HRC

Valley Sunset

Mesabi

Ovation

Wendy

Clancy ItascaBrunswick

Kent

Glooscap

WinonaJewel

DarselectL'AmourAnnapolis

Honeoye

2010 6.0

8.010.012.014.016.018.020.022.0

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Morris - Yield vs Berry wt

Valley Sunset

Brunswick

Clancy

WinonaWendy

Annapolis Jewel

GlooscapMesabi

Itasca

Honeoye

Cavendish

L'AmourKent

Cavendish

Darselect

2009 6

789

1011121314

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Morris - Yield vs Berry wt

Valley Sunset

Brunswick

Clancy

WinonaWendy

Annapolis

Jewel

Glooscap

Mesabi

Itasca

Honeoye

Kent

L’Amour

Cavendish

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Mulched)

Darselect

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Unmulched)

Valley Sunset

Valley Sunset

Mesabi

Mesabi

Annapolis

Annapolis

Jewel

Jewel

Brunswick

Brunswick

Honeoye

HoneoyeKent

KentGlooscap

Glooscap

Wendy

Wendy

L’Amour

L’Amour

Cavendish

Cavendish

Winona

Winona

2010

Darselect

Itasca

Itasca

02468

101214161820

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Mulched)

Darselect

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Ber

ry w

t (g)

Yield (1000 lb/A)

Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Unmulched)

Valley Sunset

Valley Sunset

Mesabi

Mesabi

Annapolis

Annapolis

Sable

Sable Jewel

Jewel

Brunswick

Brunswick

Honeoye

Honeoye

Kent

KentGlooscap

Glooscap

Ovation

Ovation

Wendy

Wendy

L’Amour

L’Amour

Cavendish

Cavendish

Clancy

Clancy

Winona

Winona

2009

Darselect

Itasca

Annapolis Ag Canada - Nova ScotiaStrengths Good winter hardiness and

vigor Med-Large fruit Very Productive Problems Light (orangey) color Fair flavor - better in north Somewhat soft but tough skin

Photo from Nourse Farms

Favorite Early Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

Honeoye Cornell – over 30 years ago! Early (mid)SeasonStrengths Excellent winter hardiness and vigor Very Productive Good flavor - better in north and on

sandy soilsProblems Color can be very dark in heat Soft flesh Medium size fruit

Photo from Nourse Farms

Favorite Early Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

Cavendish Ag Canada – Nova ScotiaStrengths Large fruit Good flavor Good winter hardiness and

vigor Very Productive Mod firm fruitProblems Color can be blotchy

Cavendish, Nourse Farms

Favorite Early Midseason Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

Favorite Early MidseasonStrawberry Varieties for Minnesota

Kent Ag Canada – Nova ScotiaStrengths Med-Large fruit Good flavor Very Productive Good winter hardiness and vigorProblems Mod soft fruit – problem in hot

weather Color can be blotchy Very susceptible to leaf diseases

Favorite Late Midseason Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

MesabiStrengthsVery Hardy Very ProductiveAttractive berriesCreamy textureProblemsMedium sizeSoft in hot weatherJune YellowsIntolerant of high soil pH

GlooscapStrengths Very hardy Very productive, tough plants Good flavor Medium-large fruitProblems Soft Dark in hot weather May have June Yellows

Favorite Late Midseason Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

JewelStrengths Outstanding flavor and texture Very attractive Very firm Large fruit Moderate to high yieldProblems Moderate hardiness Use in Southern MN Northern MN if you like to live

dangerously

Favorite Late Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

Photo from Nourse Farms

Favorite Late Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota

WinonaStrengths Productive Very vigorous Med-Large berries Disease resistant Peach flavorProblems Irregular shaped berries Berries held close to crown Skin softness in hot or wet weather Alternative to Jewel in Northern

Minnesota

Recent IntroductionsItasca (MNUS 138)

Early seasonStrengths Productive Good cold hardiness Resistant to foliar diseases Attractive berries Tough skin Resistant to red stele root rot Good processingProblems Medium sized berries Moderately soft flesh Tangerine flavor Susceptible to Phytophthora cactorum crown rot

Recent Introductions

Wendy Ag Canada - Nova

Scotia Early SeasonStrengths Excellent flavorProblems Medium siz fruit Moderate Productivity

Recent IntroductionsL’Amour

Early midseasonStrengths Bright Red Attractive berries Large calyx Large sized berries Firm flesh Moderately Resistant to foliar

diseases Excellent balanced flavor Good processingProblems Productive ? Winter hardiness ?

Recent Introductions

Valley Sunset Ag Canada - Nova ScotiaStrengths Very Late Season Very Large fruit Tough skin Good flavorProblems Less firm than Jewel Medium Productivity Winter hardiness ???

Recent Introductions Darselect

France Late midseasonStrengths Attractive Flavorful well-presented fruit soft but tough skinProblems Moderate yield Winter hardiness ???

Recent Introductions Cabot

Ag Canada – Nova Scotia Late seasonStrengths Super Large Fruit Attractive FirmProblems Moderate yield Winter hardiness Flavor Plant making

Recent Introductions Brunswick

Ag Canada – Nova Scotia MidseasonStrengths Super Larger Fruit Attractive FirmProblems Moderate yield Winter hardiness Flavor Plant making

Floricane-fruiting (“Summer”) Raspberries

Killarney - early midseason, root rot resistant

Boyne – early, susc to anthracnose

Prelude (new) - early Nova - early midseason OAM W2 (new) – Late

midseason selected at River Falls, WI,

large bright red, slightly soft fruit, apparently hardy

Latham - late midseason

Primocane-fruiting (“Fall”) Raspberries for MNField Jaclyn – ripens early August, large dark fruit Double Delight - early, productive, medium

size and firmness, hardy Autumn Bliss - early, medium size, good

flavor, moderate yield Autumn Britten – early, good flavor, firm,

early, similar season and better fruit than AutBliss, but less productive

Polana – early, medium size fruit, susc to Verticillium wilt and Phytophthora root rot

Tunnels Autumn Britten Polana Anne – yellow fruit Caroline - 7-10 days earlier than Heritage,

larger fruit, excellent flavor and firmness

Primocane Fruiting Blackberries

Tunnel Culture Prime-Jan PrimeArk 45

Blueberries

Hardy Chippewa Northblue Northland Polaris St. Cloud Superior

Northcountry (landscape) Northsky (landscape)

Not-quite-hardy

Patriot Reka Bluegold Jersey Bluecrop

‘Superior’ Blueberry

Latest cultivar of Zone 3-4 cultivars (1 wk later than Northblue)

Most productive cultivar at Zone 3 test site (Gr. Rapids, MN)

Upright growth habit Size

4-5 ft Ht x 4-5 ft Diam White floral display Maroon foliage

Coming in 2009 – A New Blueberry for Minnesota

Mean yield from 1993-2010 of blueberries planted 1989 at Becker, MN

Bluecrop

Friendship

Northblue

Patriot

St. Cloud

Superior

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

Yield (lb/bush)

Yield (lb/bush) of Blueberries at Becker, MNplanted 1989, harvested 1993-2010

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

BluecropFriendshipNorthbluePatriotSt. CloudSuperior

Mean yield from 1991-2006 of blueberries planted 1989 at Grand Rapids, MN

Bluecrop

Friendship

Northblue

Patriot

St. Cloud

Superior

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

Yield (lb/bush)

Mean berry weight from 1993-2010 of blueberries planted 1989 at Becker, MN

Bluecrop

Friendship

Northblue

Patriot

St. Cloud

Superior

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

Berry weight (g/berry)

Cultivar Yield potential Hardiness Plant size (ht x spread in feet)

Season Machine harvest

Chippewa High Excellent 4.5 x 4 Mid Good?

Northblue High Excellent 3 x 4 Mid Fair?

Polaris Med-High Very good 4 x 4 Early Good?

Northland High Very good 4 x 4 Mid Fair?

St. Cloud Med - High Very good 5 x 4 Early Good?

Superior Med-High Excellent 4 x 4 Late unknown

Northcountry Med Very good 2.5 x 4 Early Poor?

Northsky Low Very good 2 x 3 Mid Poor?

Bluegold Med Good 4 x 4 Mid Unknown

Reka Med Good 4 x 4 Mid Unknown

Patriot Med Good 4.5 x 4 Early Fair?

Jersey Low - Med Fair 5 x 5 Late V. Good

Bluecrop Low-Med Fair 5 x 5 Mid V. Good

Plant Characteristics of Blueberry Varieties

Cultivar Berry size Flavor Firmness

Chippewa Med-large Sweet GoodNorthblue Large Tart FairPolaris Med Sweet, aromatic ExcNorthland Med Mild GoodSt. Cloud Med Sweet GoodSuperior Med Sweet/tart goodNorthcountry Small Lowbush - mild Poor

Northsky Small Lowbush - sweet Poor

Bluegold Med Sweet/tart V. Good

Reka Med-Large Sweet/tart V. Good

Patriot Large Tart, aromatic Good

Jersey Med Mild Good

Bluecrop Large Sweet - mild V. good

Fruit Characteristics of Blueberry Varieties

Currants and Gooseberries Red and white currants (Ribes sativum

and other species)

Red Red Lake Rovada

White White Imperial Primus Blanka

Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Titania Ben Sarek Crusader Consort

Gooseberry Hinomakki Red Pixwell

www.noursefarms.com

Primocane Raspberry Recommendations

Recommended For Trial

Aut Bliss WI NY MI Anne WI ON MI

Aut Britten WI ON Aut Britten MI

Caroline WI NY ON MI Caroline ON

Heritage WI NY MI Double Delight WI

Polana WI ON Himbo Top NY

Ruby WI Jaclyn NY ON MI

Summit WI Joan J ON

Josephine NY ON

Polka NY

Red River WI

Summer Bearing Raspberry Recommendations

Recommended For Trial

Boyne WI NY ON MI Canby WI ON

Canby NY MI Chemaines ON

Encore NY Claudia NY

Festival WI Cowichan, ON

K81-6NY

Encore WI ON MI

Killarney WI Esquimalt ON

Latham WIMI

K81-6 WI MI

Nova WI ON MI Prelude WI

Prelude NYMI

Qualicum ON

TitanNY

Saniich ON

Tulameen ON

Purple Raspberry Royalty- large, tart Brandywine - very large, sweet

Web Resources

Minnesota Fruit Web Site http:// Fruit.cfans.umn.edu

Cornell Univ. Nursery Guide for Berry Crops http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/berry/nurseries/nurseries.html