UML in an hour

A Brief Introduction to UML

or

UML in an Hour

(more or less)Copyright 2000 by RWD Technologies Inc.

All Rights Reserved

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What is the UML? Unified Modeling Language It is a modeling language, not a process Rumbaugh joined Booch at Rational in 1994; in

1995, Rational added Jacobsen to their team. In 1996, work on the UML was begun.

In January of 1997, Rational released UML 1.0 to the OMG as their proposal for a methods standard.

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Objectives

Upon successful completion of this presentation, you will be able to:– Visually identify UML diagrams.– Understand the differences between the UML

diagrams.– Identify key symbols found in each diagram.– Identify the diagrams used in each ProVision

phase.

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UML Diagrams to be Covered

Class Diagrams Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Package Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Activity Diagrams State Diagrams

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Class Diagrams

Are the most fundamental UML Diagram. Describe the classes in the system, and the

static relationships between classes. Class diagrams are used during Analysis,

Design and Development.

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UML Class Diagram

DVD Movie VHS Movie Video Game

Rental Item{abstract}

Rental Invoice

1..*1

Customer

Checkout Screen

1

0..1

1

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UML Class Diagram


Rental Item{abstract}

Rental Invoice

1..*1

Customer

Checkout Screen

0..1

1

Simple

Association

Class

Abstract

Class

Simple

Aggregation

Generalization

Composition

(Dependency)

Multiplicity

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IDEF1X97 Class Diagram

Rental Invoice

Customer

Checkout Screen

Class Relationship

Multiplicity/

Cardinality


Rental Item

Dependent

class

Base class

is abstract

Generalization

(cluster)

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Parts of a Class Classes can have four parts

– Name

– Attributes

– Operations

– Responsibilities Classes can show visibility

and types. All parts but the Name are

optional.

MyClassName

+SomePublicAttribute : SomeType

-SomePrivateAttribute : SomeType

#SomeProtectedAttribute : SomeType

+ClassMethodOne()

+ClassMethodTwo()

Responsibilities

-- can optionally be described here.

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Object Diagrams An Object is an instance of a

class. Object names are underlined. Object diagrams are similar to

class diagrams. Many of the same notations are used.

Object diagrams capture instances of classes, and allow the dynamic relationships to be shown.

ThisOne : MyClassName

+SomePublicAttribute : SomeType

-SomePrivateAttribute : SomeType

#SomeProtectedAttribute : SomeType

+ClassMethodOne()

+ClassMethodTwo()

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Class and Object Diagrams

0..1

0..n

Customer Rental Item

Rents+name:string

+id:integer

+released:date

+id:integer

Joe: Customer Casablanca: Movie

+name:Joe Smith

+id:1667

+released:1942

+id:22340

Class Diagram

Object Diagram

Class Name

Object NameAttributes

Association Name

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Stereotypes, Tagged Values and Constraints extend the UML

– Stereotypes are shown using <<>>

– Tagged Values and Constraints are shown using { }

RentalContract

<<persistent>>

{version=1.1}

ListOfRentedItems

Customer {ordered by title}

Constraint

Tagged Value

Stereotype

Stereotypes, Tagged Values and Constraints

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Use Cases

Describe interactions between users and computer systems (both called actors) .

Capture user-visible functions. Achieve discrete measurable goals. May be

– small (“Make selected text bold”)– large (“Generate a table of contents”)

Are typically used during Analysis and Design.

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Use Case Diagram

Telephone Customer

In-StoreCustomer

Clerk

Identify Movie

Open Account

Return Movie

Customer

ReviewAccount Status

Actor

Use Case

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Use Case Report The Use Case Report

provides documentation for the Use Case.

A Use Case is not complete without the report.

The elements of the Use Case Report are shown on the right.

Brief description Precondition Flow of events

– Main flow– Subflows– Alternate flows

Postcondition Special Requirements Enclosures

– Diagrams– Pictures of the UI

Brief description Precondition Flow of events

– Main flow– Subflows– Alternate flows

Postcondition Special Requirements Enclosures

– Diagrams– Pictures of the UI

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Extends and Includes Relationships

Extends

IncludesFind Item by Title

Find Items by Actor

Search MovieDatabase

«includes»

«includes»Customer

Dependency

«extends»

Stereotype

Check In Movie

AssessLate Fees

Clerk

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Collaboration Diagrams

Collaboration diagrams describe object interactions organized around the objects and their links to each other

Focus on exchange of messages between objects through their associations.

Appears during Analysis phase Enhanced during Design phase

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:Check-out Manager

:Customer

:Inventory

1: enter_customer()

3: enter_movies()

5: add(customer, movies)

7: print invoice() 2: IsValidCust(CustId)

4:GetMovieByBarcode()

Collaboration Diagram - Rent Movie

:Clerk

Object

Message

:Rented Items

8: generateRentalTotal()

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Sequence Diagrams Can be “morphed” from Collaboration Diagrams. Describe interactions between objects arranged in time

sequence Focus on objects and classes involved in the scenario

and the sequence of messages exchanged Associated with use cases Used heavily during Analysis phase and are enhanced

and refined during Design phase

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Sequence Diagram - Rent Movie

1: find customer()2: search (string)

4: search (string)

6: add(Cust, item)

3: enter movie()

5: rent (movie)

7: printInvoice() 8: generateRentalTotal()

Object

Lifeline

ActivationMessage

:CheckoutMgr :InventoryCust:Customer :RentedItems:Employee

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Package Diagram

Clerk User Interface

«facade»BusinessSystemClient

(to businesssystem )Custom er Data

Renta l ScreenClass

Package

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Component Diagram

«applica tion»V ideo

W orksta tion(vsta tion .exe)

« lib rary»D B S erverIn terface

(dbsvr.d ll)

Supplied byM icrosoft

«lib rary»A pplica tionFram ework(appfr.d ll)

Component

Interface

Dependency

Note

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C heck O ut Term ina l:C lerk C lien t

P hone C lerk Term ina l:C lerk C lien t

:S tore S erver

S erverD B

S toreS erver

A pp«TC P /IP »

«TC P /IP »

Node

Communication

Association

Deployment Diagram

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Identify Caller

Create Account

Obtain Name& Address

Open Account?Current

Customer? [no] [no]

[yes][yes]

Action State

Start State

Decision

End State

Activity Diagram

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Identify Movie

PlaceOrder

Place Order

FillOrder

Pay

DeliverMovie

PickupMovie

Customer Manager Walking Clerk

Fork Point

Join Point

CollectMoney

Swimlanes and Fork/Join Points

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State Diagram

Validate

do/checkaccount

custom er appears

Check-Out

do/check-outvideo

[account valid ]/get first video

[m ore videos]/get next video

Check-OutComplete

[no m ore videos]

[account notvalid]State

Transition

Activity

Guard

Action

Event

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UML Diagram UsageDevelopmentPhase

UML Diagrams

Analysis Use Cases, Class Diagrams, ActivityDiagrams, Collaboration Diagrams,Sequence Diagrams

Design Class Diagrams, CollaborationDiagrams, Sequence Diagrams, StateDiagrams, Component DiagramsDeployment Diagrams

Development Collaboration Diagrams, SequenceDiagrams, Class Diagrams, StateDiagrams, Component Diagrams,Deployment Diagrams

Implementation Package Diagrams, DeploymentDiagrams

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Conclusion

UML is a robust notation that can express information gathered throughout a project’s lifecycle.

Adopting standard use of UML can improve communication between clients and Information Systems Service Providers.

UML can be used as an effective data modeling tool as well as an object modeling tool.

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Questions If I don’t know the answer, maybe I can

make one up!

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For more information…

Contact:

John T. Bell

RWD Technologies Inc.

10480 Little Patuxent Parkway

Columbia, MD 21044

Phone: 410-884-2453

email: [email protected]

http://www.rwd.com

Documents

UML in an hour