Uma. VEmbassy Public School

Contents• Introduction• Need for renewable energy• Sources of renewable energy• Advantages of renewable energy• Forms of renewable energy• Sun, our saviour

Introduction

• Energy is the capacity of a

physical system to do work• Can take a wide variety of forms.• Energy is required to:

– Power our cars– Produce plastics– Pesticides and fertilizers– Make medical devices

•The energy comes from fossil fuels – primarily coal, oil, and natural gas.

• All three were formed on Earth about 360 million years ago during the Carboniferous Period and long before the age of the dinosaurs

Non – Renewable energy

• Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible.

Renewable Energy

Need• Has caused more

environmental damage than any other human activity

• Resulted in many problems today such as ozone depletion and global warming

• To continue to grow as a nation and maintain our lifestyle, we need to find and harness new energy resources and find better ways of using them.

Sources• Many renewable energy

resources are driven ultimately by the sun and locally by the weather.

• Main sources of renewable energy include:– Wind energy– Wave (Tidal) energy– Hydro (Rain) energy– Solar energy

• Assessment of these renewable resources must consider their availability (i.e weather and climate)

Advantages• Cause less emissions and hence reduce

pollution

• Available locally

• Stand out as a viable source of clean and limitless energy

• Renewables can offer power during peak demand periods

• Respond rapidly to demand growth

• Reduce the risk of higher costs fueled by environmental regulations

This presentation covers the following sources of energy which are very important and relevant to today’s world.

• Water

Hydel Energy.

Ocean Energy

Wave energy

Tidal Energy

Thermal Energy

• Wind (Wind Energy)

• Earth

Geo-Thermal Energy

Biomass

• Sun (Solar Energy)

Renewable energy

Hydel Energy

• Water Hydel

Ocean

Tidal

Wave

Thermal Wind Earth Sun

Energy in the flowing water can be used to produce electricity

Advantages:• Fuel is cheap

• No transportation cost

• Environment friendly

• The increase in water level can promote recreational activities such as kayaking and fishing.

•The higher level of water gives a better habitat for fish to grow and live

Disadvantages• Silting up of rivers

• Breeding place for bacteria

•The increase of water level causes flooding of land. • Floods cause destruction of habitat and soil erosion on the watershed's wall. • A hydro dam can also be a potential time bomb for cities located downstream

Ocean Energy (Wave, Tidal, Ocean

Thermal)• Water

Hydel

Ocean

Tidal

Wave

Thermal• Wind

• Earth

• Sun

Ocean energy covers a series of emerging technologies that use the power of ocean currents, waves, and tides to create energy. While very few of these technologies have been implemented on a commercial scale, they show much promise for future development.

Tidal Energy

• Water Hydel

Ocean

Tidal

Wave

Thermal• Wind• Earth • Sun

Tidal power technologies include:

Barrage or dam

Tidal fence

Tidal turbine

Caused by gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and rotation of the earth

Advantages:• Once you've built it, tidal power is free

• Produces no greenhouse gases or other waste

• Needs no fuel

• Produces electricity reliably

• Not expensive to maintain

• Tides are totally predictable

Disadvantages

• Tidal power plants impedes sea life migration

• Silt build-ups

• Construction costs are high

Wave Energy

• Water Hydel

Ocean

Tidal

Wave

Thermal• Wind• Earth • Sun

Ocean waves are caused by the wind as it blows across the sea. Waves are a powerful source of energy.

Advantages:

• Not expensive to operate and maintain

• Can produce a great deal of energy

• The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste produced

Disadvantage:

• Depends on the waves, sometimes we’ll get loads of energy, sometimes nothing

• Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong

• Some designs are noisy

• Must be able to withstand very rough weather

Ocean Thermal Energy

• Water Hydel

Ocean

Tidal

Wave

Thermal• Wind• Earth • Sun

Ocean thermal energy conversion, or OTEC, is a way to generate electricity using the temperature difference of seawater at different depths

Advantages:• Produces baseload electrical energy

• Helps produce fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol

• Produces desalinated water for industrial, agricultural, and residential uses

• Is a resource for on-shore and near-shore mariculture operations

• Provides air-conditioning for buildings

Disadvantage:• Pollution can be caused if intermediate chemicals leak into the ocean • OTEC plants can alter and maybe damage the surrounding ecosystem • Other technical difficulties like degradation of heat exchanger performance by dissolved gases, improper sealing etc

Wind Energy

• Water Hydel

Ocean

• Wind

• Earth

• Sun

• Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air

• Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power

Advantages:

• Clean and non-polluting

• Cheap electricity

• Suitable for less sunny regions

• Simple technology

•The land beneath can usually still be used for farming

Disadvantage:

• Noisy

• Can kill birds

• The wind is not always predictable

• Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive

• Can affect television reception

Geothermal Energy

• Water Hydel

Ocean

• Wind

• Earth Geothermal Biomass

• Sun

Geothermal energy - heat from the earth - is an important energy source having environmental and economic advantages over fossil and nuclear energy sources

Advantages:

• Non-polluting and hence does not contribute to greenhouse effect

• Power stations does not take up much room

• No fuel needed

• Continuous, non-interruptible energy source

Disadvantage:

• Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam"

• Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of

• Not many places where we can build a geothermal power station. Hot rocks of suitable type is necessary, at a depth where we can drill down to them

Biomass

• Water Hydel

Ocean

• Wind

• Earth Geothermal Biomass

• Sun

Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities

It is derived from numerous sources, including the by-products from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and wood.

Advantages:

• Waste materials can be used

• Fuel is cheap

• Less demand on Earth’s resources

Disadvantage:

• Collecting waste in sufficient quantities can be difficult

• Burning of fuel causes greenhouse gases

• Expensive

3E Expectations

• Create new jobs in rural areas• Reduce cash outflow for energy• Increase capital investment in the state

Economy

• Reduce air pollutants• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions• Improves public health

Environment

• Reduces transportation problems• Hedge against natural gas and hydro power price

Energy

SUN Our Energy Challenge!!!

• Water Hydel

Ocean

• Wind

• Earth Geothermal Biomass

• Sun

165,000 TW of sunlight hit the earth every day

Get Set…….. Technology!

Solar energy required for approximately

1010 people in the next few decades

Energy needs to be much cheaper and more efficient

Currently solar conversion technologies have bottlenecks

We simply cannot do with current technology

WHY??

HOW??

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology

Conversion

Storage

Capture

Capture 100 nm-100 µm

Conversione-

h+

Storage

Conversion

Storage

Capture

• Nano material offer the ability to get good light absorption in flexible formats

• Interpenetrating networks on the nanoscale offer the opportunity to get high performance charge collection from low cost materials

• To obtain extremely high efficiency systems

• Goal is to collect energy from all of the wavelengths of sunlight, not their least common denominator

• Nano material offer novel processes that can allow this to be done

Sun, our saviour

• Nano offers the opportunity to tailor light capture, conversion, and storage, and interfaces with our increasing ability to span length and time scales both theoretically and experimentally

• Solar energy to be the best renewable source of energy