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SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Um mecanismo baseado em SDN para flexibilizar o controle de tráfego em redes LTE
Luciano Jerez Chaves1,2Islene Calciolari Garcia2
Edmundo R. Mauro Madeira2
1Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF)2University of Campinas (Unicamp)
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Outline❖ Introduction
❖ Software-Defined Networking
❖ Long-Term Evolution networks
❖ SDN and LTE integration
❖ Proposed traffic control mechanisms
❖ Literature review
❖ Conclusions and future work
2
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Introduction
3
❖ Mobile data traffic is growing at a compound annual growth rate of 57%
❖ Increasing number of higher-generation connectivity
❖ Multimedia streaming represents more than 50% of mobile data traffic
Exabytes per month
[1] “Cisco visual networking index: Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2014-2019”, White Paper, Cisco, Feb, 2015.
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Future networks
4
❖ 5G networks for people and things
❖ Lower latency and higher data rates
❖ Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets)
❖ High-connectivity backhaul and core networks for more base stations
Software-Defined Networking will be a key differentiator of 5G systems
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Contributions
❖ This work contributes with…
❖ OpenFlow protocol integrated into LTE backhaul networks
❖ Specialized OpenFlow EPC controller for LTE traffic control
❖ Network traffic routing
❖ Bearer admission control
❖ Literature review on SDN and LTE integration
5
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Software-Defined Networking
6
❖ Decouples the control plane from the data plane
❖ Network intelligence is centralized in software
❖ Simplified distributed forwarding hardware
❖ More agile and cost-effective networks
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
OpenFlow protocol
7
❖ SDN southbound interface
❖ Basic primitives to program the forwarding plane of OpenFlow switches
❖ Concepts of flows to identify network traffic
❖ Switch datapath specification
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Long-Term Evolution networks
❖ 4G standard for high-speed wireless communication
❖ Maintained by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project
❖ Evolved Packet System (EPS)
• Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)
• Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
8
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
eNB S-GW P-GWUE Internet
End to End service
Radio bearer S1 bearer
S5/S8 bearerE-RAB bearer
EPS bearer External bearer
LTE-Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi
E-UTRAN EPC
MME HSS PCRF
S1-MME
S6a
S11 GxGx
Control plane
Data plane
EPS architecture Packet domain onlyStandardized interfacesGPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP)
9
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
LTE QoS and EPS bearers
10
❖ EPS bearers identify packet flows with common QoS treatment❖ Bearers are associated with a QoS Class Identifier (QCI)
❖ Minimum Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)
❖ Non-Guaranteed Bit Rate (Non-GBR)
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
SDN and LTE integration
❖ Proposed integration
❖ OpenFlow switches in the backhaul network (S1 interfaces)
❖ New OpenFlow match fields for GTP TEID routing
❖ No changes in EPC elements for tunnel handling
11
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
SDN and LTE integration
❖ Proposed integration
❖ OpenFlow switches in the backhaul network (S1 interfaces)
❖ New OpenFlow match fields for GTP TEID routing
❖ No changes in EPC elements for tunnel handling
11
Software-Defined Mobile Networking (SDMN)
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Network topology❖ Wired backhaul topology
❖ Ring with arbitrary number of OpenFlow switches
❖ Unified S-GW/P-GW gateway element
❖ Ethernet full-duplex links
❖ Wireless access topology
❖ Hexagonal grid with inter-site distance of 500 m❖ UEs scattered closed to the eNBs
12
OpenFlowswitch
OpenFlow Ring
Controller
P-GWS-GW
eNB
UE
InternetMME
PCRF
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
OpenFlow EPC controller
13
❖ LTE traffic control mechanisms
❖ Backhaul traffic routing
❖ Bearer admission control
MME
Cont
rol la
yer
Appl
icatio
n la
yer
OpenFlow EPC Controller- Backhaul traffic routing- Bearer admission control
Internet
Infra
stru
ctur
e la
yer
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
PCRF P-GW S-GW MME EPC Controller eNB UE
PCC decisionprovision
Confirmation ACK
Create DedicatedBearer Request
RRC connectionreconfiguration
Create DedicatedBearer Response
Create DedicatedBearer Response
Bearer SetupResponse
Bearer SetupRequest
Create DedicatedBearer Request
RRC connectionreconfiguration complete
Return
Routing ( )
Admission ( )
Create DedicatedBearer Request
OpenFlow EPC controller
Controller communicates with the MME element for bearer management procedures
14
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Network traffic routing
❖ Look for routing paths and install GTP TEID match rules
❖ For the ring topology, the routing options are reduced to clockwise or counter-clockwise paths
❖ Different routing policies
❖ Shortest Path Only
❖ Shortest Path First
15
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Bearer admission control
❖ Reserve the requested bandwidth for accepted GBR bearers
❖ Shortest path only routing policy blocks GBR requests when there is no available bandwidth in the shortest routing path
❖ Shortest path first routing policy checks on the other routing path for the required bandwidth before blocking the GBR request
16
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Performance evaluation❖ Network Simulator 3 + OFSwitch13 module
❖ Backhaul ring size: 4/10 OpenFlow switches connected to eNBs
❖ UE load distributions: balanced or unbalanced (30% of UEs in one half of the ring, 70% on the other half)
❖ Admission control: up to 40% of link bandwidth for GBR traffic
17
Traffic applications Traffic type Bearer QCI
VoIP UDP GBR (1)
Live Video Streaming UDP GBR (2)
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Block ratio analysis10 OpenFlow switches in the ring
Improved block ratio for the shortest path only routing policy
18
0
5
10
15
20
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Bloc
k ra
tio (%
)
Number of UEs
Shortest Path OnlyShortest Path First
0
5
10
15
20
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Bloc
k ra
tio (%
)
Number of UEs
Shortest Path OnlyShortest Path First
Average block ratio (balanced load) Average block ratio (unbalanced load)
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Routing path analysis4 OpenFlow switches in the ring
Improved block ratio for the shortest path only routing policy
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Rout
ing
dist
ribut
ion
(%)
Shortest Blocked Inverted
Shortest Path FirstShortest Path Only
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Rout
ing
dist
ribut
ion
(%)
Shortest Blocked Inverted
Shortest Path FirstShortest Path Only
Traffic routing distribution (balanced load) Traffic routing distribution (unbalanced load)
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Literature contributions for SDMN
20
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Literature contributions for SDMN
20
Use cases Congestion control
Mobility Management
Mobile backhaul network Venmani et al. 2012
Gurusanthosh et al. 2013
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Literature contributions for SDMN
20
Use cases
Traffic routing
Congestion control
Mobility Management
Tunnel-based
Tag-based
Flow-based
Mobile backhaul network
Mobile core network
Pentikousis et al. 2013Kempf et al. 2012Hampel et al. 2013
Ali-Ahmad et al. 2013
Venmani et al. 2012
Gurusanthosh et al. 2013
Li et al. 2012Jin et al. 2013
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Literature contributions for SDMN
20
Use cases
Traffic routing
Traffic managementLoad balancing
Congestion control
Mobility Management
Tunnel-based
Tag-based
Flow-based
Traffic offloading
Mobile backhaul network
Mobile core network
Pentikousis et al. 2013Kempf et al. 2012Hampel et al. 2013
Ali-Ahmad et al. 2013
Venmani et al. 2012
Gurusanthosh et al. 2013
Nagaraj and Katti 2014
Said et al. 2013Ghazisaeedi et al. 2013
Li et al. 2012Jin et al. 2013
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Literature contributions for SDMN
20
Use cases
Traffic routing
Traffic managementLoad balancing
Congestion control
Mobility Management
Tunnel-based
Tag-based
Flow-based
Traffic offloading
Mobility managementUse cases
Mobile backhaul network
Mobile core network
Pentikousis et al. 2013Kempf et al. 2012Hampel et al. 2013
Ali-Ahmad et al. 2013
Venmani et al. 2012
Gurusanthosh et al. 2013
Nagaraj and Katti 2014
Said et al. 2013Ghazisaeedi et al. 2013
Li et al. 2012Jin et al. 2013
Karimzadeh et al. 2014
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems
Literature contributions for SDMN
20
Use cases
Traffic routing
Traffic managementLoad balancing
Congestion control
Mobility Management
Tunnel-based
Tag-based
Flow-based
Traffic offloading
Mobility management
Traffic control
Use cases
Mobile backhaul network
Mobile core network
Pentikousis et al. 2013Kempf et al. 2012Hampel et al. 2013
Ali-Ahmad et al. 2013
Venmani et al. 2012
Gurusanthosh et al. 2013
Nagaraj and Katti 2014
Said et al. 2013Ghazisaeedi et al. 2013
Li et al. 2012Jin et al. 2013
Karimzadeh et al. 2014
Admission controlTraffic routing
SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed SystemsJune 2, 2016
Conclusions and future work❖ This paper shows…
❖ How the OpenFlow protocol can be used to assist LTE traffic control management
❖ Backhaul traffic routing
❖ Bearer admission control
❖ SDMN literature review, focusing on backhaul and core networks
❖ As future work…
❖ Explore traffic control in heterogeneous networks❖ Improve the proposed mechanisms to support UE mobility
21
June 2, 2016 SBRC’16: The 34th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems 22