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ULTRA HD AND 4K CINEMA
Michel CHABROL ( [email protected] )
3D & Ultra HD Group of the HD Forum
Director of Marketing Innovation & Digital Cinema, Eutelsat
3
DIGITAL CINEMA AND TV
When the cinema became digital, some years ago, it became possible, with the same projector to have cinema and video projection
Cinema is a very big provider of contents to TV
TV broadcasters and pay-TV bouquets are a big source of financing to
cinema production
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DIGITAL CINEMA AND TV FORMATS
First elements used to define a format in Digital Cinema and TV :
• number of pixels per line
• number of lines
• aspect ratio (pixels per line / number of lines)
• interlaced (TV only) or progressive (i or p)
• frame rate (frames per second: fps)
Then:
• Colour depth (*) and colour gamut
• Dynamic Range
• Audio (stereo, 5.1, …, 10.2, 22.2)
• …
(*) A pixel is defined by Red, Green, Blue
- 8-bit color depth means: 2^8 possibilities for Red, Green & Blue
That is: 256 x 256 x 256 = 16.7 Mcolors
- 10-bit (2^10) color depth means : 1024 x 1024 x 1024 = 1 Billion colors
- 12-bit : 4096 x 4096 x 4096 = 68.7 Bcolors
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2 FORMATS ARE COMMONLY USED IN DIGITAL CINEMA
Digital cinema formats : 2k (DCI) 4k (DCI)
Pixels/line x number of lines
(aspect ratio)
Most common:
2048 x 1080 p (1.89)
(2.2 Mpixels/frame)
Most common:
4096 x 2160 p
(1.89)
(8.8 Mpixels/frame)
Frame rate 24 fps
Or, high frame rates:
48 fps (**)
60 fps (**)
24 fps
Or, high frame rates:
48 fps (**)
60 fps (**)
(*) Digital Cinema Initiatives = Joint project founded in 2002 by American Majors
(**) Note: High Frame Rates (HFR) are recommended by some famous Directors like James
Cameron (48, 60 fps)
Digital Cinema formats (from Digital Cinema Initiatives (*) – DCI) : 2k and 4k
Encoding : JPEG 2000
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HIGH DEFINITION AND ULTRA HDTV
Digital TV
formats :
High Definition
(HDTV) Quad HD
UHDTV1
(« 4k TV », « 4k UHD »)
UHDTV2
(« 8k TV »)
Pixels x
number of
lines
Aspect ratio :
16/9
1280 x 720 p
(0.922 Mpixels/frame)
1440 x 1080 i
(1.6 Mpixels/frame)
1920 x 1080 i or p
(2.1 Mpixels/frame)
4 x HDTV
3840 x 2160 p
(8.3 Mpixels/frame)
3840 x 2160 p
(8.3 Mpixels/frame)
7680 x 4320 p
(33.2 Mpixels/frame)
Frame rate 25 fps (50 fps soon ?)
Or: 30 fps (USA,
Japan, …) – 60 fps
soon ?
+ 24 fps (Blu-ray)
25, 50 fps, …
Or:
30, 60 fps, …
+ 24 fps
25, 50, … fps
30, 60, 120 fps
+ 24 fps
Recommended by
experts:
Phase 1: 50 / 60 fps
Phase 2: 100 / 120 fps
25, 50, … fps
30, 60, 120 fps
+ 24 fps
Recommended by
experts: 100 / 120
fps
Comments Most of the HDTV
channels are in « i »
(interlaced mode)
Next step ?:
1920 x 1080p 50 fps ?
Based on ITU-R
BT.709
First step to Ultra HD
Color depth : 8 bits
(16.7 M colors)
ITU-R BT 2020
Color depth: 10 bits (1
Billion colors)
in Phase 1, more in
Phase 2
ITU-R BT 2020
(+ Super Hi-Vision
works from NHK)
Digital TV formats from HD to 8k TV
Encoding: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and now: HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)
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UHDTV2 (8k TV) or Super Hi-Vision (7680 x 4320 p) = 33.2 Mpixels
UHDTV1 (4k TV) & Quad HD
(3840 x 2160 p) = 8.3 Mpixels
4k C
inem
a (
4096 x
2160)
HD 1080i or p
(1920 x 1080) = 2.1 Mpixels
2k C
inem
a
(2048 x
1080)
SD 576i (720 x 576)
HD 720p (1280 x 720)
18/12/2014
SD, HD, UHDTV1, 2K, 4K, UHDTV2
4k TV : 3840 pixels / line
4k cinema: 4096 pixels / line
2160 lines
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ULTRA HDTV COLOR GAMUT
4k
Cin
em
a (4
09
6 x
21
60
)
Human vision
UHDTV (BT.2020)
HDTV (BT.709)
Color gamut of Digital cinema (DCI) is between BT 709 and BT 2020
Ultra High Definition TV (Ultra HDTV) will offer (*)
• Higher resolution
• Higher frame rate(s)
• More colours
• Higher Dynamic Range (HDR)
• Immersive audio
(*) With respect to High Definition
ULTRA HDTV WILL OFFER …
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ULTRA HD (4KTV) OUTSIDE EUROPE BETWEEN NOW AND 2016
3
KOREA:
South Korean DTH operator KT SkyLife and Japanese Sky PerfecTV! have launched first UltraHD channels in June 2014
KT SkyLife is broadcasting 4 hours of UltraHD content per day and is planning to have 2 full UltraHD channels by beginning of 2015
JAPAN:
NexTV via Sky Perfect JSAT broadcasts 6 hours of Ultra HD content per day
Sky Perfect will open two Ultra HD commercial channels in 2015
Three 4k TV channels planned in Japan in 2016
USA:
Major US player DirecTV announced UHD VoD for end 2014
CALENDAR : FROM DEMO TO COMMERCIAL
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Demos, tests, showcases implementation
UHDTV 1 (4k TV)
Phase 2 (100 / 120 fps) commercial
Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
Rio 2016 Olympic Games
Experiments Receiver Production
Promotion
26 May 2014: Eutelsat launches on HOT BIRD
an Ultra HD demo channel in HEVC 50 fps, 10-bit colour depth
Phase 1 (up to 50 / 60 fps) commercial
NHK /Super Hi-Vision UHDTV 2 (8k TV)
January 2013: 1st European UHD Permanent demo channel
by Eutelsat (Quad HD MPEG-4) at 10° East
Test Broadcast Broadcast
2016: Three 4kTV channels on air in
Japan
2015: Sky Perfect 4k commercial channel in
japan
2 June 2014: Start of 4kTV broadcasting by NexTV / SKY Perfect in Japan
+ KT SkyLife in Korea
CALENDAR (2)
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Encoding / compression:
MPEG-4: good efficiency with progressive mode, but industry is now focused on a new standard: HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)
HEVC: − should be 30 to 50% better than MPEG-4 (H264/AVC) − can be applied to all formats: HD, Ultra HD
Ultra HD needs HEVC to take off…
Connectivity:
HDMI 2.0 connectors
4k Blu-ray players + Game stations: 2015
4k UHD TV set: HDMI 2.0: 2014 (50/60fps)
(Some with embedded HEVC decoder)
4k Satellite Set Top Box With HEVC: 2015
CALENDAR (3): UHDTV1 (4K TV) GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION + HOME
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4k camcorders : • Consumer : end 2014 • “Prosumer”: end 2014
Some 2014 TV sets can be directly connected
to the satellite dish ! (Embedded DVB-S2 demodulator
and HEVC decoder) 2015
//
DTH satellite
Ready
4k via fiber: same time as via satellite, but not
everywhere
4k via DTT: not before 2015 with DVB-T2 & HEVC, and not everywhere
2015
4k via ADSL : with HEVC, but not everywhere
New boxes for 4k TV
DTT retransmitter
Over 800 Ultra HD channels within the next
10 years predicted with a CAGR of almost 50%*
Growth mainly driven by North America (40%),
Asia (17%) and Western Europe (14%)
HTS will support roll-out in selected
regions, notably in North America and Western Europe
PREDICTED ULTRA HD CHANNEL GROWTH
2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
*Northern Sky Research, 2014
Number of UltraHD Channels*
Merci pour votre attention / Thank you for your attention
