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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Global strategy for infant and young child feeding.

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1.Infant nutrition 2.Breast feeding 3.Feeding behavior 4.National health programs

5.Health policy 6.Guidelines I.World Health Organization

ISBN 92 4 456221 9 (NLM classification: WS 120)

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. Lheubt bcrk.xbntkmyj df;yst eckjdbz lkz ecgt[f drk.xf.njghtltktybt cjjndtncnde.ob[ wtktq b pflfx^ htfkbcnbxystchjrb b[ ljcnb;tybz b gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkbghjuhtccf b htpekmnfnbdyjcnb^ rjnjhst gjpdjkznjceotcndkznm xtnrbq vjybnjhbyu b jwtyre ghtlghbybvftvs[ltqcndbq b ,scnhjt htfubhjdfybt yf dszdkztvst gj-nht,yjcnb&

4


2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb.ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf

Jghtltktybt ghj,ktvs1& Ytljcnfnjxyjt bkb ytgjkyjwtyyjt gbnfybt zdkztncz ghzvjq bkb

rjcdtyyjq ghbxbyjq d 60¢ bp 10^9 vbkkbjyf ckexftd cvthnb chtlbltntq d djphfcnt lj gznb ktn d ujl& <jktt lde[ nhtntq ’nb[ ckexftd^rjnjhst xfcnj cdzpfys c ytyflkt;fotq ghfrnbrjq gbnfybz^ghjbc[jlzn yf gthdjv ujle ;bpyb& Dj dctv vbht yt ,jktt 35¢ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf dcrfhvkbdf.ncz bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelm.d ntxtybt gthds[ xtnsht[ vtczwtd ;bpyb* ghbrjhv xfcnj yfx-byftncz ckbirjv hfyj bkb ckbirjv gjplyj^ f ghjlerns ghbrjh-vf xfcnj ,sdf.n ytljcnfnjxyj gbnfntkmysvb b yt,tpjgfcysvb&Rhjvt njuj^ gjkexf.obt ytljcnfnjxyjt bkb ytgjkyjwtyyjtgbnfybt ltnb xfcnj ,jkt.n b yf ghjnz;tybb dctq ;bpyb cnhflf.njn gjcktlcndbq yfheitybz hfpdbnbz& Edtkbxtybt xbckf ckexftdgjdsityyjq vfccs ntkf b j;bhtybz e ltntq nfr;t zdkztnczghtlvtnjv cthmtpyjq j,tcgjrjtyyjcnb& D cdzpb c ntv^ xnjyteljdktndjhbntkmyfz ghfrnbrf gbnfybz ghtlcnfdkztn jcyjdye.euhjpe lkz cjwbfkmyj-’rjyjvbxtcrjuj hfpdbnbz^ jyf zdkztnczjlybv bp yfb,jktt cthmtpys[ ghtgzncndbq^ vtif.ob[ ljc-nb;tyb. b cj[hfytyb. pljhjdmz d ’njq djphfcnyjq uheggt&

2& Ceotcndetn ntcyfz dyenhtyyzz cdzpm vt;le pljhjdmtv b cjc-njzybtv gbnfybz vfnthtq b ltntq& Ekexitybt gbnfybz ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf yfxbyftncz c j,tcgtxtybz yflkt-;fotuj cjcnjzybz pljhjdmz b gbnfybz cfvb[ ;tyoby yfghjnz;tybb dct[ ’nfgjd ;bpyb b ghjljk;ftncz d nj dhtvz^ rjulf;tyobys j,tcgtxbdf.n cdjb[ ltntq b ctvmb& Vfnthb b ltnbuhelyjuj djphfcnf j,hfpe.n ,bjkjubxtcre. b cjwbfkmye.tlbybwe* jyb nfr;t bvt.n j,obt ghj,ktvs ytljcnfnjxyjcnbgbnfybz b gkj[juj cjcnjzybz pljhjdmz& Ytpfdbcbvj jn njuj^ xnjghtlghbybvftncz lkz htitybz ’nb[ ghj,ktv^ ’nj rfcftncz rfrvfnthtq^ nfr b ltntq&

3& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf jcyjdfyf yf edf;tybb^ pfobnt^ gjjohtybb b jceotcnd-ktybb ghbyzns[ ghbywbgjd ghfd xtkjdtrf& Gbnfybt zdkztnczjcyjdysv^ gjdctvtcnyj ghbpyfdftvsv rjvgjytynjv ghfdfht,tyrf yf ljcnb;tybt djpvj;yj dscituj ehjdyz pljhjdmz^rfr erfpfyj d Rjydtywbb j ghfdf[ ht,tyrf& Ltnb bvt.n ghfdj yf

5

fltrdfnyjt gbnfybt b yf ljcneg r ,tpjgfcysv b gbnfntkmysvgbotdsv ghjlernfv^ b j,f ’nb vjvtynf bvt.n ceotcndtyyjtpyfxtybt lkz htfkbpfwbb ghfdf yf ljcnb;tybt djpvj;yjdscituj ehjdyz pljhjdmz& :tyobys^ d cdj. jxthtlm^ bvt.nghfdj yf yflkt;fott gbnfybt^ yf ghbyznbt htitybz j njv^ rfrrjhvbnm cdjb[ ltntq^ b yf gjkye. byajhvfwb. b cjjndtncn-de.obt eckjdbz^ rjnjhst gjpdjkz.n bv jceotcndkznm cdjbhtitybz& Dj vyjub[ ckexfz[ ’nb ghfdf tot yt htfkbpjdfys&

4& <scnhst cjwbfkmyst b ’rjyjvbxtcrbt gthtvtys kbim ece-ue,kz.n nhelyjcnb^ c rjnjhsvb cnfkrbdf.ncz ctvmb dj,tcgtxtybb yflkt;fotuj gbnfybz cdjb[ ltntq b e[jlf pf ybvb&Hfcibhtybt eh,fybpfwbb dtltn r edtkbxtyb. xbckf ctvtq^rjnjhst pfdbczn jn ytjabwbfkmyjq bkb ytgjcnjzyyjq pfyznjc-nb^ c ytjghtltktyysvb lj[jlfvb b ghb ytpyfxbntkmyjv gjcj,bbgj ,thtvtyyjcnb b hjlfv bkb jncencndbb nfrjdjuj& :tyobys dctkmcrb[ hfqjyf[^ rjnjhst hf,jnf.n yf ct,z bkb bvt.nyjvbyfkmye. pfyznjcnm^ j,sxyj ytcen nz;tke. hf,jxe.yfuhepre ,tp rfrjq-kb,j j[hfys vfnthbycndf& Ntv dhtvtytvhfpheif.ncz nhflbwbjyyst cnhernehs gjllth;rb ctvmb bj,obys^ evtymif.ncz htcehcs^ ghtlyfpyfxtyyst lkz jrfpfybzvtlbrj-cfybnfhys[ eckeu^ jcj,tyyj cdzpfyys[ c gbnfybtv^jncencndetn njxyfz byajhvfwbz j, jgnbvfkmyjq ghfrnbrtrjhvktybz b edtkbxbdftncz xbckj ctkmcrb[ b ujhjlcrb[ ctvtq^yt j,tcgtxtyys[ ghjlernfvb gbnfybz&

5& Gfyltvbz DBX-byatrwbb b hbcr gthtlfxb DBX jn vfnthbht,tyre ghb uhelyjv dcrfhvkbdfybb cjplf.n cdjtj,hfpystghj,ktvs lkz cjltqcndbz uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.^ lf;t chtlbytpfnhjyens[ ctvtq& Gjdsiftncz xbckj b byntycbdyjcnmckj;ys[ xhtpdsxfqys[ cbnefwbq^ rjnjhst ythtlrj [fhfrnth-bpe.ncz gthtvtotybtv yfctktybz^ ytj,tcgtxtyyjcnm. ghjler-nfvb gbnfybz b djjhe;tyysvb rjyakbrnfvb b rjnjhst tot,jkmit cnfdzn gjl euhjpe e[jl pf ltnmvb uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf b b[ gbnfybt dj dctv vbht& Xbckj kbim ,t;tywtd bdyenhtyyt gthtvtotyys[ kbw d yfcnjzott dhtvz ghtdsiftn 40vbkkbjyjd^ drk.xfz 5^5 vbkkbjyjd ltntq d djphfcnt lj gznb ktn&

Jghtltktybt wtkb b pflfx6& Wtkm ’njq cnhfntubb pfrk.xftncz d ekexitybb gjchtlcndjv

jgnbvfkmyjuj rjhvktybz cjcnjzybz gbnfybz^ hjcnf b hfpdbnbz^pljhjdmz b nfrbv j,hfpjv ds;bdfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf&

6


7& Rjyrhtnyst pflfxb ’njq cnhfntubb nfrjds%

. gjdscbnm byajhvbhjdfyyjcnm d jnyjitybb jcyjdys[ghj,ktv^ rfcf.ob[cz rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf^ jghtltkbnm gjl[jls r b[ htityb. b j,tcgtxbnmjcyjde lkz jceotcndktybz jcyjdys[ vthjghbznbq*

. gjdscbnm ghbdth;tyyjcnm ghfdbntkmcnd^ vt;leyfhjlys[jhufybpfwbq b lheub[ pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy1 d wtkz[jceotcndktybz jgnbvfkmyjq ghfrnbrb gbnfybz ltntq uhelyj-uj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*

. cjplfnm nfre. jrhe;f.oe. j,cnfyjdre^ rjnjhfz gjpdjkbnvfnthzv^ lheubv xktyfv ctvmb b djcgbnfntkzv d k.,jqcbnefwbb ghbybvfnm b jceotcndkznm j,jcyjdfyysq ds,jh djnyjitybb jgnbvfkmyjq ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjujb hfyytuj djphfcnf&

8& "nf cnhfntubz ghtlyfpyfxtyf lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d rfxtcndtherjdjlcndf lkz ltqcndbq* jyf jcyjdfyf yf yfrjgktyys[afrnbxtcrb[ lfyys[^ rfcf.ob[cz pyfxtybz gthds[ vtczwtd bktn ;bpyb lkz hjcnf b hfpdbnbz ht,tyrf^ b lkz jghtltktybzvthjghbznbq c gjlndth;ltyysv gjpbnbdysv djpltqcndbtv dntxtybt ’njuj gthbjlf& Rhjvt njuj^ xnj,s cj[hfyznm lbyf-vbxysq [fhfrnth cnhfntubb^ tt ecgtiyjt dsgjkytybt ,eltnpfdbctnm jn njuj^ rfrbv j,hfpjv elfcncz blnb d yjue cghjuhtccjv^ cnbvekbhez yjdst rkbybxtcrbt bccktljdfybz bbpextybt yfhjljyfctktybz^ f nfr;t bccktlez ghj,ktvs dj,kfcnb gjdtltybz&

9& Yb jlyj tlbybxyjt vthjghbznbt bkb uheggf yt vj;tn ghbdtcnb recgtiyjve htityb. ’njq ghj,ktvs* nfrbv j,hfpjv^ jceotcnd-ktybt ’njq cnhfntubb nht,etn erhtgktybz gjkbnbxtcrjq djkbûjcelfhcndtyys[ bydtcnbwbq^ byajhvbhjdfyyjcnb hf,jnybrjdplhfdjj[hfytybz^ exfcnbz ctvtq b j,oby^ f nfr;t cjnhelybxtcndfvt;le ghfdbntkmcndfvb b vt;leyfhjlysvb jhufybpfwbzvb blheubvb pfbynthtcjdfyysvb cnjhjyfvb^ xnj d rjytxyjv bnjutj,tcgtxbn jceotcndktybt dct[ ytj,[jlbvs[ ltqcndbq&

1 Lkz wtktq ’njq cnhfntubb r lheubv pfbynthtcjdfyysv cnjhjyfv jnyjcznczjhufybpfwbb cgtwbfkbcnjd^ ext,yst pfdtltybz^ ghjvsiktyyst b rjvvthxtcrbtghtlghbznbz b b[ fccjwbfwbb^ ytghfdbntkmcndtyyst jhufybpfwbb^ ytpfdbcbvj jnnjuj^ pfhtubcnhbhjdfys kb jyb jabwbfkmyj bkb ytn^ htkbubjpyst b,kfujndjhbntkmyst jhufybpfwbb b fccjwbfwbb uhf;lfy^ nfrbt rfr ctnb gjllth;rbuhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz yf ehjdyt j,obys b uheggs gjnht,bntktq&

7

2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf

Cjltqcndbt yflkt;fotve rjhvktyb. ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf

10& Uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt zdkztncz yfbkexibv cgjcj,jv ghtljc-nfdktybz bltfkmyjuj gbnfybz lkz pljhjdjuj hjcnf b hfpdbnbzltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf* jyj nfr;t zdkztncz cjcnfdyjq xfcnm.htghjlernbdyjuj ghjwtccf c df;ysvb gjcktlcndbzvb lkz plj-hjdmz vfnthtq& Lkz jgnbvfkmyjuj hjcnf^ hfpdbnbz b pljhjdmzltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf ukj,fkmyfz htrjvtylfwbzj,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfytybz cjcnjbn d ytj,[jlbvjcnbbcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d ntxtybt gthds[ itcnbvtczwtd ;bpyb1& Cjjndtncndtyyj^ lkz eljdktndjhtybz cdjb[djphfcnf.ob[ gjnht,yjcntq d gbnfybb ltnb uhelyjuj djphfcnfljk;ys gjkexfnm fltrdfnysq d gbnfntkmyjv jnyjitybb b,tpjgfcysq ghbrjhv ghb ghjljk;tybb uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybzlj lde[ ktn bkb ,jktt& Bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt ccfvjuj hj;ltybz djpvj;yj pf bcrk.xtybtv ytvyjub[ vtlbwbyc-rb[ cjcnjzybq^ b ytjuhfybxtyyjt bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt dcrfh-vkbdfybt dtltn r dshf,jnrt ,jkmijuj rjkbxtcndf vjkjrf&

11& {jnz uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt zdkztncz tcntcndtyysv frnjv^ jyjnfr;tzdkztnczghbj,htnftvjqajhvjqgjdtltybz&Afrnbxtcrbdctvfnthb vjuen rjhvbnm uhelm. ghb eckjdbb^ xnj jyb hfcgjkfuf.nnjxyjq byajhvfwbtq b gjllth;rjq cj cnjhjys ctvtq b j,oby^ fnfr;t cj cnjhjys cbcntvs vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob& Jybnfr;t ljk;ys bvtnm ljcneg r rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq ghfrnbxtcrjqgjvjob^ rjnjhe. vj;yj gjkexbnm^ yfghbvth e gjlujnjdktyys[hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ gjkmpjdfnmcz cjdtnfvb kbw^ ytzdkz.ob[cz cgtwbfkbcnfvb^ bkb rjkktu^ f nfr;t htrjvtylfwbzvblbgkjvbhjdfyys[ rjycekmnfynjd gj kfrnfwbb^ rjnjhst vjuengjvjxm cjplfnm edthtyyjcnm e vfnthtq^ ekexibnm nt[ybre rjhv-ktybz b ghtljndhfofnm bkb htifnm djpybrf.obt ghj,ktvs&

12& :tyobyfv^ yf[jlzobvcz yf jgkfxbdftvjq hf,jnt^ vj;yjgjvjxm d ghjljk;tybb uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz gjchtlcndjvj,tcgtxtybz b[ vbybvfkmysvb ,kfujghbznysvb eckjdbzvb^yfghbvth gentv ghtljcnfdktybz jgkfxbdftvs[ jngecrjd gj,thtvtyyjcnb b hjlfv^ cjukfitybq j ytgjkyjv hf,jxtv lyt^

1 Rfr cajhvekbhjdfyj d pfrk.xtybz[ b htrjvtylfwbz[ rjycekmnfnbdyjuj cjdtof-ybz ’rcgthnjd (:tytdf^ 28-30 vfhnf 2001 u&)^ rjnjhjt pfdthibkj cbcntvfnbxtcrbqj,pjh jgnbvfkmyjq ghjljk;bntkmyjcnb bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz(cv& ljrevtyn A54/INF.DOC./4). ~v& nfr;t htpjk.wb. WHA54&2&

8


ghtljcnfdktybb zcktq^ gjvtotybq b chtlcnd lkz cwt;bdfybz b[hfytybz uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ f nfr;t gththsdjd lkz rjhvktybzuhelm. (cv& geyrn 28)&

13& Ltnb uhelyjuj djphfcnf jcj,tyyj ezpdbvs dj dhtvz gtht[jlyj-uj gthbjlf^ rjulf yfxbyftncz ghbrjhv& Nfrbv j,hfpjv^ lkzeljdktndjhtybz b[ gjnht,yjcntq d gbnfybb nht,etncz^ xnj,sghbrjhv ,sk%

. cdjtdhtvtyysv^ nj tcnm njulf^ rjulf gjnht,yjcnm d ’ythubb bgbnfntkmys[ ’ktvtynf[ ghtdsiftn nj^ xnj vj;tn ,snmghtljcnfdktyj gjchtlcndjv bcrk.xbntkmyjuj b xfcnjujuhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz*

. fltrdfnysv^ nj tcnm c ljcnfnjxysv rjkbxtcndjv ’ythubb^,tkrjd b gbnfntkmys[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd lkz eljdktndjhtybzdjphfcnf.ob[ gjnht,yjcntq ht,tyrf d gbnfybb*

. ,tpjgfcysv^ nj tcnm^ xnj,s [hfybkcz b ujnjdbkcz d ububtyb-xtcrb[ eckjdbz[ b rjhvktybt ghjbpdjlbkjcm xbcnsvb herfvbbp xbcnjq gjcels^ f yt bp hj;rf c cjcrjq*

. ghfdbkmysv^ nj tcnm ht,tyrf rjhvzn d cjjndtncndbb c tujpfghjcfvb b ghbpyfrfvb yfcsotybz^ f xfcnjnf rjhvktybz bvtnjl ghbtvf gbob --- ghb frnbdyjv gjjohtybb ht,tyrf lf;tdj dhtvz ,jktpyb r tt gjnht,ktyb. herfvb^ kj;rjq bkbcfvjcnjzntkmyj --- cjjndtncnde.n lfyyjve djphfcne&

14& Yflkt;fobq ghbrjhv nht,etn njxyjq byajhvfwbb b rdfkbabwb-hjdfyyjq gjllth;rb cj cnjhjys ctvmb^ j,obys b cbcntvsvtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob& Ytljcnfnjxyst pyfybz d jnyjitybbyflkt;fob[ ghjlernjd gbnfybz b ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz xfcnjzdkz.ncz ,jktt ceotcndtyysv jghtltkz.obv afrnjhjv ytljc-nfnjxyjcnb gbnfybz^ xtv jncencndbt gbob& Rhjvt njuj^nht,e.ncz hfpyjj,hfpyst gjl[jls lkz j,tcgtxtybz ljcnegf rghjlernfv gbnfybz^ rjnjhst fltrdfnysv j,hfpjv eljdktndjhzn’ythutnbxtcrbt b gbnfntkmyst gjnht,yjcnb hfcneob[ ltntq^yfghbvth bcgjkmpjdfybt ljvfiytq b yfhjlyjq nt[yjkjubb lkzgjdsitybz gbnfntkmyjcnb^ ,bjecdjztvjcnb bkb cjlth;fybzytj,[jlbvs[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd d vtcnys[ ghjlernf[ gbnfybz&

15& J,tcgtxtybt lj,hjrfxtcndtyyjuj b jhbtynbhe.otujcz yf rekm-nehye. chtle rjycekmnbhjdfybz d j,kfcnb gbnfybz lkz vfnthtqltntq hfyytuj djphfcnf^ f nfr;t j,tcgtxtybt htrjvtylfwbq djnyjitybb rfr vj;yj ,jktt ibhjrjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz vtcnys[

ghjlernjd gbnfybz gjvj;tn j,tcgtxbnm nfrjt gjkj;tybt^ rjulf

9


vtcnyst gbotdst ghjlerns gjlujnjdktys b gjnht,kz.ncz,tpjgfcysv j,hfpjv d ljvfiyb[ eckjdbz[& Ctkmcrj[jpzqcndty-ysq ctrnjh ljk;ty csuhfnm jcj,j df;ye. hjkm d j,tcgtxtybbnjuj^ xnj,s ghjbpdjlbkbcm^ bvtkbcm d yfkbxbb b ,skb ljcnegysgjl[jlzobt ghjlerns gbnfybz lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d ghbrjhvt&

16& Rhjvt njuj^ ytljhjujq ghbrjhv^ ghbujnjdktyysq bp bvt.ob[czyf vtcnt cjcnfdys[ xfcntq^ d yt,jkmib[ rjkbxtcndf[ b dljvfiytq j,cnfyjdrt vj;tn gjvjxm eljdktndjhtyb. gj-nht,yjcntq uhelys[ ltntq cnfhituj djphfcnf b ltntq hfyytujdjphfcnf d j,kfcnb gbnfybz& Ghbrjhvs ghjvsiktyyjuj ghjbp-

djlcndf nfr;t vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnm nt vfnthb^ rjnjhst hfcgj-kfuf.n chtlcndfvb lkz b[ gjregrb^ f nfr;t pyfybtv bdjpvj;yjcnzvb ,tpjgfcyjuj ghbujnjdktybz b gjnht,ktybz&J,hf,jnfyyst gbotdst ghjlerns lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf ljk;ys ghb ghjlf;t bkb ghb hfcghjcnhfytybb bysvj,hfpjv jndtxfnm cjjndtncnde.obv cnfylfhnfv^ htrjvtylj-dfyysv Rjvbccbtq gj Rjltrc fkbvtynfhbec^ f nfr;t Rjltrcjvububtybxtcrjq ghfrnbrb d jnyjitybb ghjlernjd gbnfybz lkzltntq uhelyjuj b cnfhituj djphfcnf Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec&

17& Njve^ xnj,s uhelyst ltnb ,jktt cnfhituj djphfcnf b ltnbhfyytuj djphfcnf gjkexfkb fltrdfnyjt rjkbxtcndj gbnfntkmys[’ktvtynjd^ vj;tn nfr;t cgjcj,cndjdfnm j,jufotybt gbotds[

ghjlernjd b j,obt bkb ds,jhjxyst lj,fdrb gbnfntkmys[

’ktvtynjd&

Lheubt fkmnthyfnbds rjhvktybz18& Gjlfdkz.ott xbckj vfnthtq vjuen b ljk;ys rjhvbnm uhelm.^

b gjlfdkz.ott xbckj ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf vjuen b ljk;ysdcrfhvkbdfnmcz uhelm.& Kbim d bcrk.xbntkmys[j,cnjzntkmcndf[ vjkjrj vfnthb vj;tn cxbnfnmcz ytghbujlysvlkz tt ht,tyrf& D ’nb[ htlrb[ cbnefwbz[^ cdzpfyys[ cjpljhjdmtv^ rjulf uhelys[ ltntq ytdjpvj;yj b yt cktletnrjhvbnm uhelm.^ ds,jh jgnbvfkmyjq fkmnthyfnbds ---cwt;tyyjt vfnthbycrjt vjkjrj^ vjkjrj jn pljhjdjq rjhvb-kbws bkb bp ,fyrf uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ kb,j pfvtybntkm uhelyjujvjkjrf^ rjnjhsv rjhvzn bp xfirb^ xnj zdkztncz ,jktt,tpjgfcysv vtnjljv^ xtv rjhvktybt bp hj;rf^ --- pfdbcbn jnbylbdblefkmys[ j,cnjzntkmcnd&

19& Xnj rfcftncz ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhst yt gjkexf.nuhelyjuj vjkjrf^ nj^ rfrbv j,hfpjv rjhvbnm ltntq gjl[jlzobvpfvtybntktv uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ yfghbvth ltncrjq cvtcm.^ ghbuj-

10


njdktyyjq d cjjndtncndbb c ghbvtyztvsvb yjhvfvb Rjltrcffkbvtynfhbec^ bkb cvtcm.^ ghbujnjdktyyjq d ljvfiyb[ eckjdbz[^c lj,fdrfvb gbnfntkmys[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd^ ljk;yj gjrfpsdfnmczkbim hf,jnybrfvb plhfdjj[hfytybz bkb lheubvb hf,jnybrfvbj,obys ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb b njkmrj ntv vfnthzv b lheubvxktyfv ctvmb^ rjnjhst ljk;ys bvb gjkmpjdfnmcz* cjj,oftvstghb ’njv cdtltybz ljk;ys drk.xfnm d ct,z yflkt;fobt bycnher-wbb d jnyjitybb cjjndtncnde.otq gjlujnjdrb^ f nfr;t d jnyjit-ybb jgfcyjcntq lkz pljhjdmz d htpekmnfnt ytghfdbkmyjq gjluj-njdrb b bcgjkmpjdfybz& Ltnzv uhelyjuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhs[ ytrjhvzn uhelm. gj rfrbv-kb,j ghbxbyfv^ ytj,[jlbvj eltkznmjcj,jt dybvfybt cj cnjhjys cbcntvs plhfdjj[hfytybz b cjwbfkm-yjuj j,tcgtxtybz^ b,j jyb d[jlzn d uhegge hbcrf&

Rjhvktybt d bcrk.xbntkmyj nhelys[ eckjdbz[20& Ctvmb^ yf[jlzobtcz d nhelys[ cbnefwbz[^ nht,e.n jcj,juj

dybvfybz b ghfrnbxtcrjq gjllth;rb^ c ntv xnj,s jyb vjukbghfdbkmyj rjhvbnm cdjb[ ltntq& D nfrb[ ckexfz[ gjdsiftnczdthjznyjcnm bcrk.xtybz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ f nfr;tgjdsiftncz jgfcyjcnm bcreccndtyyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b ytghf-dbkmyjuj ghbrjhvf& Gj djpvj;yjcnb vfnthb b uhelyst ltnbljk;ys jcnfdfnmcz dvtcnt b bv ljk;yf jrfpsdfnmcz gjllth;rf^rjnjhfz nht,etncz lkz yfb,jktt gjl[jlzotuj rjhvktybz dlfyys[ eckjdbz[&

21& Ltnb uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhst gjkexf.n ytljcnf-

njxyjt gbnfybt^ xfot dctuj yf[jlzncz d nfrb[ eckjdbz[^ ultgjdsitybt rfxtcndf b rjkbxtcndf gjnht,ktybz gbob jcj,tyyjghj,ktvfnbxyj& Lkz ghtljndhfotybz htwblbdjd b ghtjljktybzgjcktlcndbq [hjybxtcrjq ytljcnfnjxyjcnb gbnfybz ’nbv ltnzvytj,[jlbvj eltkznm ljgjkybntkmyjt dybvfybt rfr d ntxtybthfyytq afps htf,bkbnfwbb^ nfr b d ntxtybt ,jktt lkbntkmyjujchjrf& Gjcrjkmre vj;tn jrfpfnmcz jcj,tyyj nhelysv ljcnfnmgbnfntkmyst b ,tpjgfcyst ghjlerns ghbrjhvf^ ’nbv ltnzv^djpvj;yj^ gjnht,e.ncz lbtnbxtcrbt lj,fdrb& Lfkmytqittxfcnjt rjhvktybt uhelm. b^ d ckexft ytj,[jlbvjcnb^ htkfr-nfwbz zdkz.ncz df;ysvb ghjabkfrnbxtcrbvb vthfvb^ gjc-rjkmre ytljcnfnjxyjcnm gbnfybz xfcnj djpybrftn d htpekmnfntytljcnfnjxyjuj b ghthsdftvjuj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz&

22& Ljkz ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf c ybprjq vfccjq ntkf ghb hj;ltybbrjkt,ktncz d ghtltkf[ jn 6¢ lj ,jktt 28¢ d pfdbcbvjcnb jncbnefwbb& <jkmibycndj ltntq hj;lf.ncz d chjr bkb gjxnb d chjr^

11


b b[ vj;yj rjhvbnm uhelm. d ghtltkf[ xfcf gjckt hj;ltybz&Uhelyjt vjkjrj jcj,tyyj df;yj lkz ytljyjityys[ ltntq b lkzyt,jkmijuj xbckf ljyjityys[ ltntq c jxtym ybprjq vfccjq ntkfghb hj;ltybb* jyb gjldthuf.ncz gjdsityyjve hbcre byatrwbb^[hjybxtcrb jckf,ktyyjuj pljhjdmz b cvthnb&

23& Ltnb uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf yf[jlzncz chtlb yfb,jkttezpdbvs[ ;thnd cnb[bqys[ bkb fynhjgjutyys[ xhtpdsxfqys[

cbnefwbq&Ghthsdftvjt uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybtbytghfdbkmysqghbrjhv gjdsif.n hbcr ytljegbnfyyjcnb^ ,jktpytq b cvthnb&Ytrjynhjkbhetvjt hfcghjcnhfytybt pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vj-kjrf^ yfghbvth d kfuthz[ ,t;tywtd^ vj;tn ghbdtcnb r ght;ltd-htvtyyjvebytye;yjveghtrhfotyb.uhelyjujdcrfhvkbdfybz&D jnyjitybb gjlfdkz.otuj ,jkmibycndf uhelys[ ltntq jcyjd-yjt dybvfybt cktletn eltkznm j[hfyt^ gjjohtyb. b gjllth;rtuhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b j,tcgtxtyb. cdjtdhtvtyyjuj^,tpjgfcyjuj b yflkt;fotuj ghbrjhvf& Dctulf ,eltn ceotcndj-dfnm yt,jkmijt xbckj ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhs[ytj,[jlbvj rjhvbnm pfvtybntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf& Cktletnj,tcgtxbdfnm gjl[jlzobvb pfvtybntkzvb^ rjnjhst gjc-nfdkz.ncz^ hfcghtltkz.ncz b ghtljcnfdkz.ncz lkz rjhvktybzd ,tpjgfcys[ eckjdbz[ d rfxtcndt xfcnb cnfylfhnyjuj gthtxyzghjlernjd gbnfybz b ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd&

24& Cjukfcyj jwtyrfv^ t;tujlyj jn DBX-byabwbhjdfyys[ ;tyoby

hj;lftncz 1^6 vbkkbjyf ltntq^ ukfdysv j,hfpjv d cnhfyf[ cybprbvb lj[jlfvb& F,cjk.nysq hbcr gthtlfxb DBX-byatrwbbgjchtlcndjv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d ntxtybt ,jktt jlyjujujlf^ d ukj,fkmys[ vfcinf,f[ cjcnfdkz.obq 10¢-20¢^ytj,[jlbvj cjhfpvthznm c edtkbxtybtv hbcrf pf,jktdftvjcnbb cvthnyjcnb d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf ytrjhvzn uhelm.& Dct DBX-byabwbhjdfyyst vfnthb ljk;ysgjkexfnm rjycekmnfwbb^ rjnjhst drk.xf.n ghtljcnfdktybtj,otq byajhvfwbb j njv^ rfrjt gbnfybt ytj,[jlbvj bv cfvbv^b j hbcrt b ghtbveotcndf[ hfpkbxys[ dbljd rjhvktybz^ f nfr;trjyrhtnyjt herjdjlcndj gj ds,jhe dfhbfynf rjhvktybz^yfb,jktt gjl[jlzotuj lkz b[ cbnefwbb& Lkz ltntq DBX-gjpbnbdys[ vfnthtq^ rjnjhst htibkb yt rjhvbnm b[ uhelm.^ytj,[jlbvj fltrdfnyjt pfvtof.ott gbnfybt& "nj nht,etngj[jlzotuj pfvtybntkz uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ yfghbvth ltncrjqgbnfntkmyjq cvtcb^ ghbujnjdktyyjq d cjjndtncndbb c ghbvtyb-vsvb cnfylfhnfvb Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec^ bkb gbnfntkmyjqcvtcb^ ghbujnjdktyyjq d ljvfiyb[ eckjdbz[^ c lj,fdrfvb

12


gbnfntkmys[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd& D ytrjnjhs[ ckexfz[ dfhbfynjvvj;tn cke;bnm ghjitlitt nthvbxtcre. j,hf,jnre uhelyjtvjkjrj bkb uhelyjt vjkjrj DBX-ytufnbdyjq vfnthb& Xnj,s ytvtifnm ltzntkmyjcnb gj gjjohtyb. uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybzlkz gjlfdkz.otuj ,jkmibycndf ltntq^ j,tcgtxtybt pfvtyb-ntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf lkz nfrb[ ltntq ljk;yj cjjndtncndj-dfnm ghbywbgfv b wtkzv Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gjc,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf (cv& geyrn 19)& Lkzvfnthtq^ ghjdthrf rjnjhs[ yf DBX-byatrwb. gjrfpfkf jnhbwf-ntkmyst htpekmnfns bkb rjnjhst yt ghj[jlbkb ghjdthrb^bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt jcnftncz htrjvtylet-vsv dfhbfynjv gbnfybz (cv& geyrn 10)&

25& Ltnb^ ;bdeobt d jcj,s[ eckjdbz[^ nfr;t nht,e.n ljgjkybntkm-yjuj dybvfybz^ yfghbvth cbhjns b ghbtvyst ltnb^ f nfr;t ltnbytcjdthityyjktnyb[ vfnthtq^ ;tyoby^ bvt.ob[ cjvfnbxtcrbtyfheitybz bkb evcndtyyst ytljcnfnrb^ yfhrjnbxtcre.#fkrj-ujkmye. pfdbcbvjcnm^ bkb vfnthtq^ yf[jlzob[cz d pfrk.xtybb^kb,j jnyjczob[cz r j,tpljktyysv bkb bysv j,hfpjv vfhuby-fkbpjdfyysv uheggfv yfctktybz&

Ekexitybt ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz26& Vfnthb^ jnws b lheubt kbwf^ jceotcndkz.obt e[jl pf ltnmvb^

ljk;ys bvtnm ljcneg r j,]trnbdyjq^ gjcktljdfntkmyjq bgjkyjq byajhvfwbb j yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrt rjhvktybz^cdj,jlyjq jn rjvvthxtcrjuj dkbzybz& D xfcnyjcnb^ jyb ljk;yspyfnm dct j htrjvtyljdfyyjv gthbjlt bcrk.xbntkmyjuj bghjljk;f.otujcz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz* chjrb dtltybz^dbl^ j,]tv b xfcnjnyjcnm ghbrjhvf* f nfr;t vtnjls,tpjgfcyjuj rjhvktybz ’nbvb ghjlernfvb gbnfybz&

27& Vfnthb ljk;ys bvtnm ljcneg r rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rt

lkz jrfpfybz bv gjvjob d yfxbyfybb b gjllth;fybb ghfrnbrbyflkt;fotuj rjhvktybz^ f nfr;t lkz ghtleght;ltybz nhel-yjcntq b ghtjljktybz b[ d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf jyb dcnhtxf.ncz&Rdfkbabwbhjdfyyst hf,jnybrb plhfdjj[hfytybz bvt.n [j-hjibt djpvj;yjcnb lkz jrfpfybz ’njq gjllth;rb^ rjnjhfzljk;ys ,snm j,zpfntkmyjq xfcnm. yt njkmrj yf,k.ltybz pf,thtvtyysvb^ hjljd b e[jlf d gjcnyfnfkmyjv gthbjlt^ yj nfr;teckeu^ ghtljcnfdkztvs[ pljhjdsv b ,jkmysv ltnzv& D ’njvjnyjitybb nfr;t df;ye. hjkm buhf.n ctnb yf ehjdyt j,oby^ghtlkfuf.obt jhufybpfwb. uhegg dpfbvyjq gjllth;rb vf-nthtq b gjlujnjdktyys[ rjycekmnfynjd gj djghjcfv uhelyjuj

13


dcrfhvkbdfybz^ hf,jnf.ob[ d cbcntvt vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjqgjvjob bkb d ntcyjv cjnhelybxtcndt c ytq& D njv^ xnj rfcftnczjnwjd^ nj yfexyst bccktljdfybz gjrfpsdf.n^ xnj uhelyjtdcrfhvkbdfybt ekexiftncz d htpekmnfnt gjllth;rb blhe;tcrjuj jnyjitybz^ rjnjhjt jyb ghjzdkz.n d rfxtcndtrjhvbkmwtd ctvtq b kbw^ jceotcndkz.ob[ e[jl pf ltnmvb&

28& Vfnthb ljk;ys nfr;t bvtnm djpvj;yjcnb lkz ghjljk;tybzuhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b e[jlf pf cdjbvb ltnmvb gjckt njuj^ rfrjyb djpdhfnzncz r jgkfxbdftvjq hf,jnt& "njuj vj;yj ljcnbxmgjchtlcndjv ghbvtytybz pfrjyjlfntkmcndf b cjjndtncnde.ob[vth d j,kfcnb j[hfys vfnthbycndf d cjjndtncndbb c RjydtywbtqVJN j, j[hfyt vfnthbycndf^ 2000 u&^ No& 183 b HtrjvtylfwbtqVJN j, j[hfyt vfnthbycndf^ 2000 u&^ No& 191& Dctv ;tyobyfv^hf,jnf.obv dyt ljvf^ ljk;ys ghtljcnfdkznmcz jngecrf gj,thtvtyyjcnb b hjlfv^ djpvj;yjcnb gjvtcnbnm ht,tyrf d zckb bjgkfxbdftvst gththsds lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz&

29& Ytghthsdyst rkbybxtcrbt bccktljdfybz b bpextybt yfhjljyfctkt-ybz^ f nfr;t bpextybt ghj,ktv gjdtltybz zdkz.ncz jcyjdjgjkf-uf.obvb cjcnfdysvb xfcnzvb d ltkt ekexitybz ghfrnbrbrjhvktybz& R htif.obv j,kfcnzv jnyjczncz% pfdthitybt bghbvtytybt yjds[ vt;leyfhjlys[ cghfdjxys[ lfyys[ d jnyjit-ybb hjcnf^ ghjabkfrnbrf b ,jhm,f c ytljcnfnjxyjcnm. gbnf-ntkmys[vbrhj’ktvtynjd^ ghfuvfnbxtcrbtgjl[jlsbvthjghbznbzyf jcyjdt j,obys d wtkz[ ekexitybz uhelyjuj rjhvktybz bghfrnbrb ljgjkybntkmyjuj gbnfybz^ ekexitybt gbnfybzvfnthtq bbc[jlf ,thtvtyyjcnb^ f nfr;t vthjghbznbz gj ghtleght;ltyb.gthtlfxb DBX jn vfnthb ht,tyre d ghjwtcct rjhvktybz&

Ljcnb;tybt wtktq cnhfntubb

30& Gthdsq ifu r ljcnb;tyb. wtktq yfcnjzotq cnhfntubb pfrk.-xftncz d gjlndth;ltybb frnefkmyjcnb bkb crjhtt bcrk.xbntkm-yjq df;yjcnb jgthfnbdys[ wtktq Byyjxtynbqcrjq ltrkfhfwbbj, j[hfyt^ gjjohtybb b gjllth;rt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz1%

1 Yf cjdtofybb dj Akjhtywbb^ Bnfkbz^ d b.kt 1990 u& ghtlcnfdbntkb ghfdbntkmcnd^jghtltkz.obt gjkbnbre^ bp ,jktt xtv 30 cnhfy ghbyzkb Byyjxtynbqcre.ltrkfhfwb. j, j[hfyt^ gjjohtybb b gjllth;rt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz& Cjhjrxtndthnfz ctccbz Dctvbhyjq fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz d 1991 u& ghbdtncndjdfkf’ne Ltrkfhfwb. sd rfxtcndt jcyjds lkz vt;leyfhjlyjq gjkbnbrb b ltqcndbq dj,kfcnb plhfdjj[hfytybz’ b ghtlkj;bkf Utythfkmyjve lbhtrnjhe ghjdtcnbvjybnjhbyu ljcnb;tybz tt wtktq (htpjk.wbz WHA44&33)&

14


. yfpyfxtybt yfwbjyfkmyjuj rjjhlbyfnjhf gj djghjcfv uhel-yjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz c cjjndtncnde.obvb gjkyjvjxbzvb bexht;ltybt vyjujctrnjhfkmyjuj yfwbjyfkmyjuj rjvbntnf gjdjghjce uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d cjcnfdt ghtlcnfdbntktq bpcjjndtncnde.ob[ ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ ltgfhnfvtynjd^ ytghf-dbntkmcndtyys[ jhufybpfwbq b fccjwbfwbq cgtwbfkbcnjdplhfdjj[hfytybz*

. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s rf;ljt exht;ltybt^ ghtljcnfd-kz.ott eckeub d j,kfcnb j[hfys vfnthbycndf^ gjkyjcnm.dsgjkyzkj dct ‘Ltcznm ghbywbgjd ecgtiyjuj uhelyjujdcrfhvkbdfybz\^ bpkj;tyys[ d pfzdktybb DJP#>YBCTAgj uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb. b cke;,fv hjljdcgjvj;tybz1*

. cjltqcndbt jceotcndktyb. ghbywbgjd b wtktq Vt;leyf-hjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrfb gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbq Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj’njve djghjce d b[ gjkyjv j,]tvt*

. ghbyznbt pfrjyjlfntkmcndf gj j[hfyt ghfd hf,jnf.ob[;tyoby b j,tcgtxtybt chtlcnd tuj jceotcndktybz&

31& Vyjubt ghfdbntkmcndf ghtlghbyzkb df;ystifub gj htfkbpfwbb’nb[ wtktq^ b d htpekmnfnt ,skj ljcnbuyenj vyjujt^ bvtyyj,kfujlfhz Bybwbfnbdt gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ f nfr;t pfrjyjlf-ntkmcnde b lheubv vthfv^ rjnjhst ,skb ghbyzns d jnyjitybbc,snf pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf& Jlyfrj ljcnb;tybz ytdtplt ,skb jlbyfrjdsvb^ b ceotcnde.n ghbpyfrb jckf,ktybzj,zpfntkmcnd^ yfghbvth gthtl kbwjv gfyltvbb DBX#CGBLf^ fnfr;t d jnyjitybb xbckf b cthmtpyjcnb ckj;ys[ xhtpdsxfqys[gjkj;tybq^ jrfpsdf.ob[ dhtlyjt djpltqcndbt yf ltntq uhelyj-uj b hfyytuj djphfcnf& Rhjvt njuj^ Byyjxtynbqcrfz ltrkfhfwbzrjywtynhbhetncz bcrk.xbntkmyj yf uhelyjv dcrfhvkbdfybb&Gj’njve nht,e.ncz ljgjkybntkmyst wtkb lkz jnhf;tybz rjv-gktrcyjuj gjl[jlf r eljdktndjhtyb. gjnht,yjcntq d e[jlt brjhvktybb d ntxtybt gthds[ nht[ ktn ;bpyb gjchtlcndjvghtlghbyznbz ibhjrjuj hzlf dpfbvjcdzpfyys[ ltqcndbq&

32& D cdtnt yfrjgktyys[ yfexys[ lfyys[ b jgsnf d j,kfcnbgjkbnbrb b ghjuhfvv yfcnegbkj dhtvz^ lkz njuj xnj,sghfdbntkmcndf ghb gjllth;rt vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq blheub[ pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy%

1 J[hfyf^ gjjohtybt b gjllth;rf uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz% jcj,fz hjkm hjljdcgj-vjufntkmys[cke;,&CjdvtcnyfzltrkfhfwbzDJP#>YBCTA^:tytdf^DJP^1989u&

15


. gthtcvjnhtkb djghjc j njv^ rfr yfbkexibv j,hfpjvj,tcgtxbnm yflkt;fott rjhvktybt ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf b djpj,yjdbnm cdjt rjkktrnbdyjt j,zpfntkmcndjhtibnm ’ne ghj,ktve*

. exhtlbnm ’aatrnbdyst dctj,]tvk.obt jhufys lkz herjdjl-cndf jceotcndktybtv yfcnjzotq cnhfntubb d rfxtcndt crjjhlb-ybhjdfyys[ vyjujctrnjhfkmys[ yfwbjyfkmys[ ltqcndbq dct[pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy d jndtn yf vyjujxbcktyyst ghj,-ktvs rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf1*

. cjplfnm cbcntve htuekzhyjuj vjybnjhbyuf ghfrnbrb gbnfybz^jwtyrb ntyltywbq^ bcgjkmpez lfyyst^ hfperhegytyyst gjgjkjdjve ghbpyfre^ b djpltqcndbz jceotcndkztvs[ vthj-ghbznbq&

33& C extnjv ’nb[ cjj,hf;tybq ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz ghtlecvf-nhbdftn d rfxtcndt ghbjhbntnf lkz dct[ ghfdbntkmcnd ljc-nb;tybt cktle.ob[ ljgjkybntkmys[ jgthfnbdys[ wtktq2%

. hfphf,jnfnm^ jceotcndkznm^ ghjdjlbnm vjybnjhbyu b jwtyrerjvgktrcyjq gjkbnbrb d j,kfcnb gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj bhfyytuj djphfcnf d rjyntrcnt yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb bghjuhfvv gj gbnfyb.^ j[hfyt pljhjdmz ht,tyrf b htghjler-nbdyjve pljhjdm.^ f nfr;t cjrhfotyb. ,tlyjcnb*

. ghtlghbyznm vths lkz j,tcgtxtybz njuj^ xnj,s ctrnjhplhfdjj[hfytybz b lheubt cjjndtncnde.obt ctrnjhs j[hf-yzkb^ gjjohzkb b gjllth;bdfkb bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjtdcrfhvkbdfybt d ntxtybtitcnb vtczwtd b lfkmytqitt uhelyjtdcrfhvkbdfybt lj djphfcnf lde[ bkb ,jktt ktn ghb jlyjdht-vtyyjv ghtljcnfdktybb ;tyobyfv ljcnegf r njq gjllth;rt^rjnjhfz bv nht,etncz^ --- d ctvmt^ j,obyt b yf hf,jxb[ vtcnf[--- lkz ljcnb;tybz ’njq wtkb*

. cjltqcndjdfnm cdjtdhtvtyyjve^ fltrdfnyjve^ ,tpjgfcyjve byflkt;fotve ghbrjhve ghb ghjljk;tybb uhelyjujdcrfhvkbdfybz*

1 D cjjndtncndbb c ’njq wtkm. Byyjxtynbqcrjq ltrkfhfwbb ,jktt 100 cnhfy e;tyfpyfxbkb yfwbjyfkmyjuj rjjhlbyfnjhf gj djghjcfv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz bexhtlbkb vyjujctrnjhfkmysq yfwbjyfkmysq rjvbntn& "nb vths^ djpvj;yj^gjpdjkzn cajhvbhjdfnm jcyjde lkz cjplfybz yjdjuj jhufyf^ ghbpsd r rjnjhjvepltcm cjlth;bncz&

2 Ghfdbntkmcndfv cktletn ecnfyfdkbdfnm htfkbcnbxyst chjrb ljcnb;tybz dct[wtktq ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb b jghtltkznm gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb^xnj,s ljcnbxm ghjuhtccf d ’njv jnyjitybb&

16


. j,tcgtxbnm jhbtynbhs d jnyjitybb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyj-uj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d xhtpdsxfqyj nhelys[j,cnjzntkmcndf[ b cdzpfyyjq c ybv gjllth;rb^ rjnjhfznht,etncz vfnthzv^ ctvmzv b lheubv kbwfv^ jceotcnd-kz.obv e[jl pf ltnmvb*

. hfccvjnhtnm djghjc j njv^ rfrbt vjuen gjnht,jdfnmcz yjdstpfrjyjlfntkmyst bkb lheubt gjl[jlzobt vths d rfxtcndtxfcnb rjvgktrcyjq gjkbnbrb d j,kfcnb gbnfybz ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf lkz djgkjotybz ghbywbgjd bljcnb;tybz wtkb Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk c,snfpfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbqFccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj ’njve djghjce&

Gthdjjxthtlyst ltqcndbz34& Rjvgktrcyfz yfwbjyfkmyfz gjkbnbrf^ jcyjdfyyfz yf ofntkm-

yjq jwtyrt gjnht,yjcntq^ ljk;yf cgjcj,cndjdfnm cjplfyb.j,cnfyjdrb^ rjnjhfz j[hfyztn^ gjjohztn b gjllth;bdftncjjndtncnde.oe. ghfrnbre rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyyt-uj djphfcnf& "aatrnbdyfz gjkbnbrf d j,kfcnb rjhvktybz^cjukfce.ofzcz c ecbkbzvb gj erhtgktyb. j,otq ,tpjgfcyjcnbgbotds[ ghjlernjd d ljvfiytv [jpzqcndt^ nht,etn jceot-cndktybz cktle.ob[ xhtpdsxfqyj df;ys[ vthjghbznbq%

D wtkz[ j[hfys. ghbyznbt b vjybnjhbyu jceotcndktybz gjkbnbrb d jnyjit-

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. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s j,hf,jnfyyst ghjlerns ghbrjhvfgjcnfdkzkbcm lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d cjjndtncnde.otv djp-hfcnt b xnj,s jyb ,skb ,tpjgfcysvb^ ghbtvktvsvb drekmnehyjv jnyjitybb^ ljcnegysvb gj cnjbvjcnb^ f nfr;tfltrdfnysvb d gbnfntkmyjv jnyjitybb cjukfcyjcjjndtncnde.obv cnfylfhnfv Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec*

. jceotcndktybt b vjybnjhbyu e;t ghtlghbybvftvs[ vth gjdsgjkytyb. Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvt-

17


ybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbq Fc-cfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj ’njve djghjce^ f d ckexftytj,[jlbvjcnb b[ erhtgktybt^ b ghbyznbt yjds[ vth*

D wtkz[ gjjohtybz. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s dct jndtncndtyyst pf gjllth;fybt

cdzpb c ibhjrbvb ckjzvb yfctktybz^ drk.xfz ext,ystpfdtltybz b chtlcndf vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb^ ghtljcnfdkzkbnjxye. b gjkye. byajhvfwb. j yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrtrjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ exbnsdfzyfb,jktt ghtj,kflf.obt cjwbfkmyst^ rekmnehyst b ’rjkj-ubxtcrbt eckjdbz*

D wtkz[ gjllth;rb xthtp cbcntvs vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob. j,tcgtxtybt rdfkbabwbhjdfyys[ rjycekmnfwbq b gjvjob d

jnyjitybb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^yfghbvth ghb gkfyjds[ vtljcvjnhf[^ [jlt bvveybpfwbb^ dcnfwbjyfhys[ b fv,ekfnjhys[ vtlbrjcfybnfhys[ cke;,f[lkz ltntq^ cke;,f[ gj djghjcfv gbnfybz^ htghjlernbdyjujpljhjdmz b d freithcrb[ cke;,f[*

. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s d cnfwbjyfhf[ dct ghjwtlehs jcnfdf-kbcm bcrk.xbntkmyj ,kfujghbznysvb lkz ecgtiyjuj yfxfkf bghjljk;tybz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz gjchtlcndjv jceot-cndktybz Bybwbfnbds gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ vjybnjhbyuf bgthtjwtyrb hf,jns ,jkmybw^ rjnjhst cjplfkb nfrbt eckjdbz^ fnfr;t hfcghjcnhfytybt Bybwbfnbds yf lheubt rkbybrb^ vtlb-rjcfybnfhyst wtynhs b gtlbfnhbxtcrbt ,jkmybws*

. hfcibhtybt ljcnegf r ljhjljdjq gjvjob b ghjcdtotyb. gjdjghjcfv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ ghfrnbrt hjljdcgj-vj;tybz^ rjnjhfz cgjcj,cndetn uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.^ fnfr;t r gjckthjljdjq gjvjob^ rjnjhfz gjvjuftn j,tcgtxbnmghjljk;tybt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz*

. cjltqcndbt ghfdbkmyjve gbnfyb. ,thtvtyys[ b rjhvzob[;tyoby*

. vjybnjhbyu hjcnf b hfpdbnbz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf d rfxtcndt gkfyjdjq vths rjynhjkz pf gbnfybtv cjghtltktybtv jcj,juj dybvfybz ,jkmysv b hjlbdibvcz cybprjq vfccjq ntkf ltnzv^ f nfr;t ltnzv DBX-gjpbnbdys[vfnthtq^ j,tcgtxbdfz^ xnj,s vfnthb b ctvmb gjkexfkbyflkt;fobt rjycekmnfwbb*

18


. ghtljcnfdktybt jhbtynbhjdjr gj cjjndtncnde.otve ghbrjh-ve c frwtynjv yf bcgjkmpjdfybt gjl[jlzob[ vtcnys[ghjlernjd gbnfybz^ ,tpjgfcyjt ghbujnjdktybt nfrb[ ghjler-njd b ghfdbkmyjt rjhvktybt*

. cjltqcndbt fltrdfnyjve hfwbjye jcyjdys[ gbnfntkmys[dtotcnd ,kfujlfhz ljcnege r gjl[jlzobv vtcnysv ghjler-nfv^ drk.xfz^ d ckexft ytj,[jlbvjcnb^ j,jufotyyst ghj-lerns^ f nfr;t lj,fdrb vbrhj’ktvtynjd*

. ghtljcnfdktybt vfnthzv djpvj;yjcnb jcnfdfnmcz cj cdjbvbujcgbnfkbpbhjdfyysvb ltnmvb^ c ntv xnj,s j,tcgtxbnmghjljk;tybt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b yflkt;fotuj ghb-rjhvf^ f d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf ’nj djpvj;yj^ jcnfdkznmuhelys[ ltntq c ujcgbnfkbpbhjdfyysvb vfnthzvb*

. j,tcgtxtybt ’aatrnbdyjuj nthfgtdnbxtcrjuj rjhvktybz,jkmys[ b ytljegbnfyys[ ltntq^ drk.xfz ghtljcnfdktybtrdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rb lkz ghjljk;tybz uhelyjujdcrfhvkbdfybz^ rjulf ’nj nht,etncz*

. gjlujnjdrf hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ jrfpsdf.ob[gjvjom vfnthzv^ ltnzv b b[ ctvmzv d jnyjitybb%

7yfdsrjd rjycekmnbhjdfybz b gjvjob gj nfrbv djghjcfv^rfr uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt^ ghbrjhv^ DBX b rjhvktybtuhelys[ ltntq b^ d ytj,[jlbvs[ ckexfz[^ dcrfhvkbdfybtpfvtybntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf^

7dcrfhvkbdfybt dj dhtvz ,jktpyb^

7jndtncndtyyjcnb hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ djpkfuft-vjq yf yb[ Vt;leyfhjlysv cdjljv ghfdbk c,snf pfvt-ybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf*

. gthtcvjnh b htajhvbhjdfybt ext,ys[ ghjuhfvv gthdjyf-xfkmyjq gjlujnjdrb lkz dct[ hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^cgtwbfkbcnjd gj gbnfyb. b cvt;ysv j,kfcnzv^ c ntv xnj,sj,tcgtxbdfnm yflkt;foe. byajhvfwb. b cjdtns gj rjhvkt-yb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf lkz ctvtq b nt[^ rnjcdzpfy c gbnfybtv ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*

D wtkz[ gjllth;rb d j,obyt. cjltqcndbt cjplfyb. ctntq gjllth;rb yf ,fpt j,obys^ c ntv

xnj,s gjvjufnm j,tcgtxbdfnm yflkt;fott dcrfhvkbdfybtltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ yfghbvth uheggs vfnthtqbkb ytajhvfkmys[ rjycekmnfynjd^ r rjnjhsv cnfwbjyfhs b

19


lheubt vtlbwbycrbt exht;ltybz vjuen htrjvtyljdfnm vf-nthzv j,hfofnmcz gjckt dsgbcrb*

. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s ctnb gjllth;rb yf ,fpt j,obys ytnjkmrj ,kfuj;tkfntkmyj djcghbybvfkbcm cbcntvfvb vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob^ yj b frnbdyj exfcndjdfkb d gkfybhjdf-ybb b jrfpfybb eckeu*

D wtkz[ gjllth;rb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf d jcj,j nhelys[ j,cnjzntkmcndf[

. j,tcgtxtybt hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz njxyjq b cfvjqgjcktlytq byajhvfwbtq j gjkbnbrt b ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdf-ybz uhelys[ ltntq^ c ntv xnj,s jyb j,kflfkb rjyrhtnysvbpyfybzvb b yfdsrfvb^ nht,e.obvbcz lkz jrfpfybz gjl-lth;rb djcgbnfntkzv b ltnzv gj dctv fcgtrnfv rjhvktybzltntq uhelyjuj b vkflituj djphfcnf d bcrk.xbntkmyjnhelys[ j,cnjzntkmcndf[*

. cjplfybt eckjdbq^ rjnjhst cgjcj,cnde.n bcrk.xbntkmyjuhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.^ yfghbvth^ j,tcgtxbdfz e[jl pfvfnthzvb^ ljgjkybntkmyjt gbnfybt b gbnmtde. djle lkz,thtvtyys[ b rjhvzob[ ;tyoby^ f nfr;t gthcjyfk^ rjnjhsqj,kflftn yfdsrfvb rjycekmnbhjdfybz gj uhelyjve dcrfhv-kbdfyb.*

. j,tcgtxtybt gjl[jlzotuj^ ;tkfntkmyj ljcnegyjuj yf vtcnf[ghbrjhvf d cjjndtncndbb c djphfcnjv b gjnht,yjcnzvb dgbnfybb ,jktt cnfhib[ uhelys[ ltntq b ltntq hfyytujdjphfcnf*

. frnbdyjt dszdktybt ytljegbnfyys[ ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf^ c ntv xnj,s jghtltkbnm b[ cjcnjzybt b ghbyznmrjhhtrnbdyst vths^ j,tcgtxbnm bv cjjndtncnde.ott gbnfybtb jrfpfnm gjllth;re kbwfv^ jndtncndtyysv pf b[ cjlth;fybt*

. ghtljcnfdktybt jhbtynbhjd lkz dszdktybz ltntq^ rjnjhs[ytj,[jlbvj rjhvbnm pfvtybntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf^j,tcgtxbdfz gjl[jlzobq pfvtybntkm b ,tpjgfcyjt rjhvktybtd ntxtybt nfrjuj gthbjlf^ rjnjhsq ytj,[jlbv lkz nfrb[ltntq^ yt ljgecrfz gthtdjlf yf bcreccndtyyjt gbnfybt ltntq^rjnjhst d ’njv yt ye;lf.ncz*

. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s hf,jnybrb plhfdjj[hfytybz^ bv-t.obt pyfybz b jgsn gj dctv fcgtrnfv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkb-dfybz b pfvtof.otuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ ,skb ljcnegys lkzrjycekmnbhjdfybz DBX-gjkj;bntkmys[ ;tyoby*

20


. flfgnbhjdfybt Bybwbfnbds gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckj-dbq^ ,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ c extnjvDBX#CGBLf^ gentv j,tcgtxtybz njuj^ xnj,s kbwf^ jndtncn-dtyyst pf ujnjdyjcnm r xhtpdsxfqysv cbnefwbzv^ bvtkb[jhjie. gjlujnjdre^ gjpdjkz.oe. bv jrfpsdfnm gjl-lth;re cjjndtncnde.otq ghfrnbrt rjhvktybz^ cjukf-ce.otqcz c eybdthcfkmysvb ghbywbgfvb Bybwbfnbds*

. j,tcgtxtybt dszdktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^jrfpfdib[cz d bcrk.xbntkmyj nhelys[ j,cnjzntkmcndf[^ cntv xnj,s b[ vj;yj ,skj jgnbvfkmyj rjhvbnm b jrfpsdfnmgjllth;re kbwfv^ jndtxf.obv pf b[ cjlth;fybt*

J,zpfyyjcnb b jndtncndtyyjcnm35& Ghfdbntkmcndf^ vt;leyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb b lheubt pfbynth-

tcjdfyyst cnjhjys d hfdyjq vtht ytcen jndtncndtyyjcnm pfj,tcgtxtybt jceotcndktybz ghfdf ltntq yf ljcnb;tybt djpvj;yjdscituj ehjdyz pljhjdmz b ghfdf ;tyoby yf gjkye. bj,]trnbdye. byajhvfwb.^ f nfr;t yf vtlbrj-cfybnfhye.gjvjombgbnfybt&Rf;lsqgfhnythljk;tyghbpyfnmbdsgjkyznmdjpkj;tyye. yf ytuj jndtncndtyyjcnm pf ekexitybt rjhvktybzltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf b pf vj,bkbpfwb. nht,etvs[htcehcjd& Dct gfhnyths ljk;ys cjnhelybxfnm d wtkz[ gjkyjujljcnb;tybz wtkb b pflfx cnhfntubb^ drk.xfz j,hfpjdfybt gjk-yjcnm. ghjphfxys[ yjds[ cj.pjd b gfhnythcnd^ d cjjndtncndbb cghbyznsvb ghbywbgfvb bcrk.xtybz rjkkbpbb bynthtcjd&

Ghfdbntkmcndf

36& Ghfdbntkmcndf^ d gthde. jxthtlm^ ytcen jndtncndtyyjcnm pfdshf,jnre^ jceotcndktybt^ rjynhjkm b jwtyre rjvgktrcyjqyfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytujdjphfcnf& D ljgjkytybt r gjkbnbxtcrjq ghbdth;tyyjcnb yfcfvjv dscjrjv ehjdyt ecgt[ gjkbnbrb pfdbcbn jn ’aatrnbdyjqyfwbjyfkmyjq rjjhlbyfwbb lkz j,tcgtxtybz gjkyjuj cjnhel-ybxtcndf dct[ cjjndtncnde.ob[ ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ ex-ht;ltybq^ vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq b lheub[pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy& "nj gjlhfpevtdftn gjcnjzyysq c,jhb jwtyre frnefkmyjq byajhvfwbb j gjkbnbrt b ghfrnbrtrjhvktybz& Htubjyfkmyst b vtcnyst ghfdbntkmcndf nfr;tdsgjkyz.n df;ye. hjkm d jceotcndktybb ’njq cnhfntubb&

37& Nfrfz dctj,]tvk.ofz gjkbnbrf ljk;yf cjghjdj;lfnmcz gj-lhj,ysv gkfyjv ltqcndbq^ drk.xf.obv ecnfyjdktyyst wtkb b

21


pflfxb^ chjrb b[ ljcnb;tybz^ hfcghtltktybt jndtncndtyyjcnb pfjceotcndktybt gkfyf b gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb lkzvjybnjhbyuf b jwtyrb& D ’nb[ wtkz[ ghfdbntkmcndfv cktletncnhtvbnmcz d yflkt;fob[ ckexfz[ r cjnhelybxtcnde c cjjndtncn-de.obvb vt;leyfhjlysvb jhufybpfwbzvb b lheubvb ex-ht;ltybzvb^ drk.xfz ukj,fkmyst b htubjyfkmyst rhtlbnystexht;ltybz& Gkfy ljk;ty ,snm cjdvtcnbvsv c lheubvbvthjghbznbzvb^ wtkm rjnjhs[ --- cjltqcndjdfnm jgnbvfkmyjvegbnfyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b vkflituj djphfcnf b ,snm b[ytjn]tvktvjq xfcnm.&

38& Gjnht,etncz jghtltkbnm b dsltkbnm fltrdfnyst k.lcrbtâbyfycjdst b jhufybpfwbjyyst htcehcs lkz j,tcgtxtybz cdj-tdhtvtyyjuj b ecgtiyjuj dsgjkytybz gkfyf& D ’njq cdzpbjcj,tyyj df;ys rjycnhernbdysq lbfkju b frnbdyjt cjnhelyb-xtcndj c cjjndtncnde.obvb uheggfvb^ pfybvf.obvbczj[hfyjq^ gjjohtybtv b gjllth;rjq yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrbdcrfhvkbdfybz& Df;ysv rjvgjytynjv nfr;t zdkztncz gjl-lth;rf ’gbltvbjkjubxtcrb[ b jgthfnbdys[ bccktljdfybq&

Lheubt pfbynthtcjdfyyst cnjhjys

39& Jghtltktybt rjyrhtnyjq jndtncndtyyjcnb d hfvrf[ j,otcndf ---df;ytqib[ dpfbvjljgjkyz.ob[ b dpfbvjecbkbdf.ob[ hjktqd wtkz[ j[hfys^ gjjohtybz b gjllth;rb yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrbrjhvktybz --- ghtlcnfdkztn cj,jq ytxnj yjdjt& Uheggs^ rjnjhstdsgjkyz.n df;ye. hjkm d ,jhm,t pf ghfdf ;tyoby b ltntq b dcjplfybb lkz yb[ ,kfujghbzncnde.otq j,cnfyjdrb^ vjuenhf,jnfnm gjjlbyjxrt^ dvtcnt b d cjnhelybxtcndt c ghfdbntkm-cndfvb b vt;leyfhjlysvb jhufybpfwbzvb d wtkz[ ekexitybzgjkj;tybz gentv jrfpfybz gjvjob d ecnhfytybb rfr rekm-nehys[^ nfr b ghfrnbxtcrb[ ghtgzncndbq^ vtif.ob[ yflkt-;fotq ghfrnbrt rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf&

Vtlbrj-cfybnfhyst exht;ltybz b jhufybpfwbb

40& Vtlbrj-cfybnfhyst exht;ltybz b jhufybpfwbb^ drk.xf.obtvtlbwbycrbt afrekmntns^ irjks j,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfyt-ybz^ ujcelfhcndtyyst b xfcnyst exht;ltybz^ j,tcgtxbdf.obtgjlujnjdre hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz (drk.xfz freithjr^vtlctcnth^ yenhbwbjybcnjd b lbtnjkjujd)^ f nfr;t ghjatccbj-yfkmyst jhufybpfwbb ljk;ys ,snm jndtncndtyys gthtl ntvb^rnj ghj[jlbn gjlujnjdre bkb exfcndetn d ’nb[ cnhernehf[^ pfcktle.obt jcyjdyst j,kfcnb%

22


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. j,tcgtxtybt rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rb d wtkz[ bcrk.-xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b lfkmytqituj uhelyjujdcrfhvkbdfybz ghb cjjndtncnde.otv ghbrjhvt dj dct[cke;,f[^ cdzpfyys[ c ljhjljdsv e[jljv^ hjljdcgj-vj;tybtv^ gtlbfnhbtq b htghjlernbdysv pljhjdmtv^ gbnf-ybtv b j[hfyjq pljhjdmz d j,obyf[*

. cjltqcndbt ljcnb;tyb. b gjllth;fyb. cnfnecf‘,kfujghbzncnde.ob[ uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.\ hj-lbkmys[ ljvjd^ hjlbkmys[ jnltktybq b rkbybr d cjjndtncn-dbb c 10 ghbywbgfvb ecgtiyjuj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz1 bghbywbgjv jnrfpf jn ,tcgkfnys[ bkb kmujnys[ gjcnfdjrpfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ hj;rjd b cjcjr*

. gjkyjt cj,k.ltybt j,zpfyyjcntq^ dsntrf.ob[ bpVt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhel-yjuj vjkjrf b cjjndtncnde.ob[ htpjk.wbq Dctvbhyjqfccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz b yfwbjyfkmys[ vth^ ghbyzns[lkz jceotcndktybz Cdjlf b egjvzyens[ htpjk.wbq*

. gjjohtybt^ cjplfybt b ghbpyfybt uhegg gjllth;rb d j,obyf[b yfghfdktybt vfnthtq d ’nb uheggs&

Ytghfdbntkmcndtyyst jhufybpfwbb^ drk.xfz uheggs gjllth;rbyf ,fpt j,obys41& Wtkb b pflfxb ibhjrjuj rheuf ytghfdbntkmcndtyys[ jhuf-

ybpfwbq^ hf,jnf.ob[ yf vtcnyjv^ yfwbjyfkmyjv bvt;leyfhjlyjv ehjdyz[ ^ d rk.xf.n ghjgf ufylecjjndtncnde.ob[ gjnht,yjcntq d ghjljdjkmcndbb b gbnfybb

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23


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24


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25


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26


. hfphf,jnrf yjds[ gjrfpfntktq^ yfghbvth d jnyjitybb fltr-dfnyjuj ghbrjhvf*

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27


. j,tcgtxtybt nfrjuj gjkj;tybz^ xnj,s dct yjhvs Rjltrcffkbvtynfhbec^ cdzpfyyst c ’nbv ntrcnjv^ rfcf.obtcz ghj-lernjd gbnfybz lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^gjkyjcnm. exbnsdfkb gjkbnbre DJP^ rfcf.oe.cz cjjndtn-cnde.otuj c,snf b hfcghtltktybz^ htrjvtyljdfyyjuj djp-hfcnf^ bcgjkmpjdfybz b ,tpjgfcyjq gjlujnjdrb b rjhvktybz^drk.xfz nj^ xnj jnhf;tyj d Vt;leyfhjlyjv rjltrct gjc,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ htpj-k.wbz[ Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj lfyyjve djghjce*

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28


hfcnf^ ,thtvtyys[ b rjhvzob[ ;tyoby1& Jlby bp ecnjqxbds[^joenbvs[ htpekmnfnjdVt;leyfhjlyjq rjydtywbb gj gbnfyb.^f bvtyyj Dctvbhyfz ltrkfhfwbz gj gbnfyb.^ ghtlkfuftndgtxfnkz.oe. rfhnbye ghtj,hfpjdfyyjuj vbhf& Ntv dhtvtytvGkfy ltqcndbq gj gbnfyb. gjrfpsdftn yflt;ysq genm rljcnb;tyb. ’nb[ ghtj,hfpjdfybq2&

51& Pf ltcznm ktn gjckt ghbyznbz ’nb[ ljrevtynjd 159 ujcelfhcnd-xktyjd (83¢) ghjltvjycnhbhjdfkb cdj. htibvjcnm ghtlghbyb-vfnm ltqcndbz^ hfphf,jnfd bkb erhtgbd cdjb yfwbjyfkmystgjkbnbxtcrbt rehcs b gkfys d j,kfcnb gbnfybz& <jktt gjkjdbys(59¢) drk.xbkb cgtwbabxtcrbt cnhfntubb gj ekexityb. ghfr-nbrb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf& "njnj,yflt;bdf.obq htpekmnfn ytj,[jlbvj gjlrhtgbnm b hfcib-hbnm^ c ntv xnj,s drk.xbnm dct ujcelfhcndf-xktys gj vtht tujgthtcvjnhf b j,yjdktybz b j,tcgtxbnm gjkysq extn ysytiytqdctj,]tvk.otq gjdtcnrb lyz& Jxtdblyj^ jlyfrj^ xnj lkzljcnb;tybz wtkb b pflfx ’njq cnhfntubb^ f nfr;t htitybzysytiyb[ b ,eleob[ ghj,ktv d j,kfcnb gbnfybz nht,etnczujhfplj ,jkmitt&

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1 Ljrevtyn F55#14&2 Dctvbhyfz ltrkfhfwbz b Gkfy ltqcndbq d j,kfcnb gbnfybz& Vt;leyfhjlyfz

rjyathtywbz gj gbnfyb.^ Hbv^ AFJ#DJP^ 1992 u&

29


GHBKJ:TYBTHtpjk.wbz WHA55&25% Gbnfybt ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf

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31

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jcjpyfdfz^ xnj ytcjjndtncnde.ofz ghfrnbrf dcrfhvkbdfybz b ttgjcktlcndbz zdkz.ncz cthmtpysvb ghtgzncndbzvb r ecnjqxbdjvecjwbfkmyj-’rjyjvbxtcrjve hfpdbnb. b evtymityb. ,tlyjcnb*

dyjdm gjlndth;lfz^ xnj vfnthb b ltnb ghtlcnfdkz.n cj,jqytltkbve. ,bjkjubxtcre. b cjwbfkmye. tlbybwe b xnj pljhjdmt bgbnfybt jlyb[ ytjnltkbvj jn pljhjdmz b gbnfybz lheub[*

yfgjvbyfz j njv^ xnj Fccfv,ktz plhfdjj[hfytybz jlj,hbkf(htpjk.wbz WHA33&32) gjkyst ntrcns pfzdktybz b htrjvtylfwbqcjdvtcnyjuj Cjdtofybz DJP#>YBCTA gj dcrfhvkbdfyb. ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ ghjdtltyyjuj d 1979 u&* ghbyzkfVt;leyfhjlysq cdjl ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjujvjkjrf (htpjk.wbz WHA34&22) b gjlxthryekf^ xnj ghbyznbt bdsgjkytybt ’njuj Cdjlf ghfdbk zdkztncz vbybvfkmysvnht,jdfybtv* ghbdtncndjdfkf Byyjxtynbqcre. ltrkfhfwb. jpfobnt^ gjjohtybb b gjllth;rt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d rfxtcndtvt;leyfhjlyjq gjkbnbrb b ghfrnbrb plhfdjj[hfytybz (htpjk.wbzWHA44&33)* gjcnjzyyj gjjohzkf b gjllth;bdfkf dct ujcelfhcn-dtyyst b xfcnyst vtlbrj-cfybnfhyst exht;ltybz^ bvt.obt hj-lbkmyst jnltktybz^ c ntv xnj,s jyb cjltqcndjdfkb uhelyjvedcrfhvkbdfyb. (htpjk.wbz WHA45&34)* gjcnjzyyj ghbpsdfkf rhfnbabrfwbb b jceotcndktyb. Rjydtywbb j ghfdf[ ht,tyrf drfxtcndt chtlcndf hfpdbnbz j[hfys pljhjdmz ctvmb (htpjk.wbzWHA46&27)* b jlj,hbkf gjkysq ntrcn Dctvbhyjq ltrkfhfwbb bGkfyf ltqcndbq d j,kfcnb gbnfybz^ ghbyzns[ Vt;leyfhjlyjqrjyathtywbtq gj gbnfyb. (Hbv^ 1992 u&) (htpjk.wbz WHA46&7)*

yfgjvbyfz nfr;t htpjk.wbbWHA35&26^WHA37&30^WHA39&28^WHA41&11^WHA43&3^WHA45&34^WHA46&7^WHA47&5^WHA49&15 bWHA54&2 j gbnfybb ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^cjjndtncnde.otq ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdfybz b cdzpfyys[ c ’nbvdjghjcf[*

ghbpyfdfz ytj,[jlbvjcnm dj dctj,]tvk.otq yfwbjyfkmyjqgjkbnbrt d j,kfcnb gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^drk.xfz herjdjlzobt ghbywbgs lkz j,tcgtxtybz cjjndtncnde.ot-uj rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d bcrk.xbntkmyjnhelys[ eckjdbz[*

,elexb e,t;ltyf^ xnj ghbikj dhtvz^ rjulf ghfdbntkmcndfvcktletn j,yjdbnm cdj. ghbdth;tyyjcnm j,tcgtxtyb. jgnbvfkmyjujgbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^

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1& ENDTH:LFTN ukj,fkmye. cnhfntub. gj rjhvktyb. ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*

2& GHBPSDFTN ujcelfhcndf-xktys ,tpjnkfufntkmyj%

(1) ghbyznm b jceotcndkznm ukj,fkmye. cnhfntub. c extnjvyfwbjyfkmys[ eckjdbq b ghb edf;tybb gjkj;bntkmys[ vtcnys[nhflbwbq b wtyyjcntq d rfxtcndt xfcnb b[ j,otq gjkbnbrb bghjuhfvv gbnfybz b j[hfys pljhjdmz ltntq^ c ntv xnj,sj,tcgtxbnm jgnbvfkmyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt dct[ ltntq uhelyjuj bhfyytuj djphfcnf b cjrhfnbnm hbcrb^ cdzpfyyst c nexyjcnm. blheubvb gjcktlcndbzvb ytghfdbkmyjuj gbnfybz*

(2) erhtgkznm ceotcnde.obt bkb cjplfdfnm yjdst cnhernehslkz jceotcndktybz ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb d hfvrf[ ctrnjhfplhfdjj[hfytybz b lheub[ cjjndtncnde.ob[ ctrnjhjd lkzvjybnjhbyuf b jwtyrb tt ’aatrnbdyjcnb b lkz yfghfdktybzbydtcnbwbq b bcgjkmpjdfybz htcehcjd d wtkz[ ekexitybzdcrfhvkbdfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*

(3) lkz ’njuj d cjjndtncndbb c yfwbjyfkmysvb eckjdbzvb%(a) ecnfyjdbnm yfwbjyfkmyst wtkb b pflfxb^(b) jghtltkbnm htfkbcnbxyst chjrb b[ ljcnb;tybz^(c) hfphf,jnfnm gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb ec-

gt[jd b htpekmnfnbdyjcnb^ rjnjhst gjpdjkzn ghjdjlbnmnjxysq vjybnjhbyu b jwtyre ghtlghbybvftvs[ ltqcn-dbq b ,scnhjt htfubhjdfybt yf dszdkztvst gj-nht,yjcnb*

(4) j,tcgtxbnm^ xnj,s vths gj ddtltyb. vbrhj’ktvtynjd dgbnfybt b c,sn gbnfntkmys[ lj,fdjr yt gjlvtyzkb b ytgjlhsdfkb gjllth;re ecnjqxbdjq ghfrnbrt bcrk.xbntkmyjuhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b jgnbvfkmyjuj ghbrjhvf*

(5) vj,bkbpjdfnm cjwbfkmyst b ’rjyjvbxtcrbt htcehcs dhfvrf[ j,otcndf b frnbdyj djdktrfnm b[ d jceotcndktybtukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb b d ljcnb;tybt tt wtktq b pflfx d le[thtpjk.wbb WHA49&15*

3& GHBPSDFTN lheubt vt;leyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb b ex-ht;ltybz^ d xfcnyjcnbVJNÂFJ^>YBCTAÊDR<^>YAGFb >Y"QLC^ jnlfdfnm dscjrbq ghbjhbntn d hfvrf[ cdjb[cjjndtncnde.ob[ vfylfnjd b ghjuhfvv^ d cjjndtncndbb cherjdjlzobvb ghbywbgfvb d jnyjitybb rjyakbrnf bynthtcjd^jrfpfyb. gjllth;rb ghfdbntkmcndfv d jceotcndktybbukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb b ghtlkfuftn ljyjhfv j,tcgtxbnm fltr-dfnyjt abyfycbhjdfybt ytj,[jlbvs[ vth*

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GHBKJ:TYBT Htpjk.wbzWHA55&25% Gbnfybt ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf

4& GHTLKFUFTN Rjvbccbb gj Rjltrc fkbvtynfhbec b lfktt dgjkyjq vtht ghtlecvfnhbdfnm d hfvrf[ cdjtuj jgthfnbdyjujvfylfnf ltqcndbz^ rjnjhst jyf vjukf ,s ghtlghbyznm lkzekexitybz cnfylfhnjd rfxtcndf ghjvsiktyyj gththf,jnfyys[ghjlernjd gbnfybz lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ bcjltqcndjdfnm ,tpjgfcyjve b ghfdbkmyjve b[ bcgjkmpjdfyb. dyflkt;fotv djphfcnt^ d njv xbckt gjchtlcndjv fltrdfnyjqvfhrbhjdrb^ d cjjndtncndbb c gjkbnbrjq DJP^ d xfcnyjcnb cjCdjljv ghfdbk c,snf pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ htpj-k.wbtq WHA54&2 b lheubvb cjjndtncnde.obvb htpjk.wbzvbFccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz*

5& GHTLKFUFTN Utythfkmyjve lbhtrnjhe%

(1) jrfpsdfnm ujcelfhcndfv-xktyfv gjllth;re gj b[ ghjcm,fv djceotcndktybb lfyyjq cnhfntubb^ f nfr;t vjybnjhbyut b jwtyrttt djpltqcndbz*(2) ghjljk;fnm c extnjv vfcinf,jd b xfcnjns cthmtpys[xhtpdsxfqys[ cbnefwbq dj dctv vbht jceotcndkznm c,jhrjyrhtnyjq byajhvfwbb b hfphf,jnre ext,ys[ vfnthbfkjd^ghtlyfpyfxtyys[ lkz j,tcgtxtybz eljdktndjhtybz gj-nht,yjcntq ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d gbnfybb dbcrk.xbntkmyj nhelys[ eckjdbz[*(3) erhtgkznm vt;leyfhjlyjt cjnhelybxtcndj c lheubvb jhuf-ybpfwbzvb cbcntvs JJY b ldecnjhjyybvb exht;ltybzvb^pfybvf.obvbcz djghjcfvb hfpdbnbz^ d wtkz[ cjltqcndbz yflkt-;fotve dcrfhvkbdfyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*(4) cgjcj,cndjdfnm lfkmytqitve cjnhelybxtcnde cj dctvbpfbynthtcjdfyysvb cnjhjyfvb b vt;le ybvb d jceotcndktybbukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb&

Jlj,htybt Bcgjkybntkmysv cjdtnjv >YBCTADnjhfz jxthtlyfz ctccbz Bcgjkybntkmyj cjdtnf >YBCTA17 ctynz,hz 2002 u&

2002#12& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj bhfyytuj djphfcnf

Bcgjkybntkmysq cjdtn

Jlj,hztn ukj,fkmye. cnhfntub. gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjujb hfyytuj djphfcnf^ ghtlcnfdktyye. d ljrkflt Gbnfybt ltntquhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf (F55#15 jn 16 fghtkz 2002 u&) bendth;ltyye. Gznmltczn gznjq ctccbtq Dctvbhyjq fccfv,ktbplhfdjj[hfytybz d htpjk.wbb WHA55&25 jn 18 vfz 2002 ujlf&

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Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj ... · Ghtlbckjdbt DJP b >YBCTA cjdvtcnyj hfphf,jnfkb Ukj,fkmye. cnhfnt- ub. gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^