Učinimo gradove otpornijim Moj Grad se Priprema · 2010-2015 Svjetska kampanja za smanjenje katastrofa Ured Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa Moj Grad se Priprema

2010-2015 Svjetska kampanja za smanjenje katastrofa

Ured Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa

Moj Grad se PripremaUčinimo gradove otpornijim

www.unisdr.org/campaign2010-2015 Kam

panja za jačanje otpornosti gradova

Moj grad se priprema!

Vrijeme je

za akciju.

M y C i t y i s G e t t i n g R e a d y

Contents

Message from the Special Representative of the Secretary-General

for Disaster Risk Reduction

Why are cities at risk?

Natural hazards: an increasing concern for city planners

What drives disaster risk in urban settings?

Facts and �gures

What is a disaster resilient city

A checklist: Ten essentials for making cities resilient

Urban risk reduction as an opportunity – what are the bene�ts?

The Making Cities Resilient Campaign

Main objectives of the campaign

About the campaign partners

Mayors and local governments – the keys to building resilient cities

What can you do to make your city more resilient? Join the campaign!

How to nominate a city for the campaign

More information

Poruka Specijalnog izaslanika Generalnog tajnika za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa

Zašto su gradovi pod rizikom?

Prirodne opasnosti: rastuća briga za odgovorne osobe za gradsko prostorno planiranje Što uzrokuje rizik od katastrofa u urbanim sredinama? Cimbenici i brojke

Što je grad otporan na katastrofe?

Spisak: deset osnova za grad otporan na katastrofe Smanjenje rizika u gradovima kao prilika - koje su prednosti?

Kampanja: Uciniti gradove otpornima

Glavni ciljevi kampanje O partnerima kampanje Gradonacelnici i lokalne vlasti – kljuc za izgradnju gradova otpornih na katastrofe Što možete uciniti kako bi vaš grad bio otporniji? Pridružite se kampanji! Kako nominirati grad za kampanju?

Više informacija

Moj Grad Se Pr iprema

Sadržaj


Contents

Message from the Special Representative of the Secretary-General

for Disaster Risk Reduction

Why are cities at risk?

Natural hazards: an increasing concern for city planners


Facts and �gures

What is a disaster resilient city

A checklist: Ten essentials for making cities resilient

Urban risk reduction as an opportunity – what are the bene�ts?



About the campaign partners

Mayors and local governments – the keys to building resilient cities



More information

Sadržaj


This information kit outlines the characteristics

of a disaster resilient city and identi�es what

constitutes urban risk. It provides important facts

and �gures about disaster risk and describes the

Making Cities Resilient Campaign 2010-2011. It

informs mayors, local governments and other

local actors about what they can do now to make

their cities safer from disasters and how to get

involved in the campaign.

Margareta Wahlström, Special Representative of the

Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction,

United Nations International Strategy for

Disaster Reduction

“I urge local authorities to

accelerate all efforts to

make cities safer to prevent

the loss of lives and assets.

I have been travelling to many places

around the world, witnessing for myself

how local governments can contribute to [..]

global challenges. It is not only the national

governments. It is not only the President or

Prime Minister or Government Ministers who can

address climate change, sustainable economic

development, poverty and disease. We need

support and participation of local leaders:

mayors, governors, county chiefs.”

Message from the United Nations

Secretary-General,

Mr. Ban Ki-moonIncheon, 11 August 2009

�

More than half of the world’s population now

lives in cities or urban centres. Urban settlements

are the lifelines of society. They serve as nations’

economic engines, they are centres of technology

and innovation and they are living evidence of

our cultural heritage. But cities can also become

generators of new risks: failed infrastructure

and services, environmental urban degradation,

increasing informal settlements and almost a

billion slum dwellers around the world. This

makes many urban citizens more vulnerable to

natural hazards.

The United Nations International Strategy for

Disaster Reduction is working with its partners to

raise awareness and commitment for sustainable

development practices that will reduce disaster

risk and increase the wellbeing and safety of

citizens - to invest today for a better tomorrow.

Building on previous campaigns focusing on

education and the safety of schools and hospitals,

ISDR partners are launching a new campaign

in 2010: Making Cities Resilient. The campaign

will seek to convince city leaders and local

governments to commit to a checklist of Ten

Essentials for Making Cities Resilient and to work

alongside local activists, grassroots networks and

national authorities.

UNISDR and its partners have developed

this checklist as a starting point for all those

who want to join in the campaign. Equally

important is that commitment to these Ten

Essentials will empower local governments

and other agencies to implement the Hyogo

Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building

the Resilience of Nations and Communities

to Disasters, adopted by 168 governments in

2005. Good urban and local governance is the

key to this resilience!

Urban risk reduction delivers many bene�ts.

When successfully applied as part of sustainable

urbanization, resilient cities help reduce poverty,

provide for growth and employment, and

deliver greater social equity, fresh business

opportunities, more balanced ecosystems, better

health and improved education.

I call on mayors and local governments to join

in the Making Cities Resilient Campagn 2010-

2011: My City is Getting Ready Campaign and

to consider how they can implement as many of

the Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient as

possible. They are the closest institutional level

to citizens and are elected leaders, expected

to respond to the needs and safety of their

constituencies. Their participation and leadership

are vital. I also call on civil society, planners

and urban professionals from di�erent sectors,

national authorities and community groups to

help develop innovative solutions and to engage

with the local governments to reduce risk and

to encourage good governance by working

together.

The success of the campaign will be measured

by how many mayors and local governments

join and commit as Champions, Resilient

City Role Models and Participants; how many

lasting partnerships and local alliances among

citizen groups and grassroots organizations,

academia and private sector develop; how

many cities introduce new plans or changes

to reduce risk.

The tragic 2010 earthquake disaster in Haiti’s

capital Port-au-Prince and other cities was a

wake up call, followed by the earthquake and

tsunami in Chile. Inaction is not an answer.

Is your city getting ready?

Sign up today to make

your city resilient

to disasters

Raising awareness activities in the Philippines.

Više od polovine svjetske populacije danas živi u gradovima, ili urbanim centrima. Gradska naselja su žile kucavice društva. Ona predstavl-jaju motornu snagu nacionalne ekonomije, ona su centri tehnologije i inovacija, i ona su živi dokaz naše kulturne zaostavštine. Ali, gradovi, također, mogu postati i generatori novih rizika: neuspjele infrastrukture i usluga, urbane degradacije okoliša, širenja bespravne gradnje i gotovo milijarde stanovnika sirotinjskih kvar-tova diljem svijeta. Sve ovo doprinosi da mnogi stanovnici urbanih sredina postaju izloženiji opasnostima od prirodnih nepogoda.

Međunarodna strategija Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje katastrofa djeluje zajedno sa svojim partnerima kako bi se podigla svijest i posvećenost održivim razvojnim praksama koje će smanjiti rizik od katastrofa i povećati dobrobit i sigurnost građana - ulagati danas za bolje sutra. Nadovezujući se na preth-odne kampanje s naglaskom na naobrazbu i sigurnost u školama i bolnicama, partneri ISDR-a pokreću novu kampanju u 2010: Učiniti gradove otpornima. Kampanja će nastojati uvjeriti gradske čelnike i lokalne vlade da se obvežu na Spisak od deset osnovica za grad otporan na katastrofe, te da rade zajedno s lokalnim aktivistima, društvenim mrežama i državnim vlastima.

UNISDR je s partnerima razvio ovaj Spisak kao polazište za sve one koji se žele pridružiti kampanji. Jednako je važna činjenica da će opredjeljenje za ovih deset osnovica osnažiti lokalne samouprave i druge agencije za provedbu Hyogo okvira za djelovanje 2005-2015: Izgradnja otpornosti država i zajednica na katastrofe, koji je 2005. godine usvojilo 168 vlada. Dobra urbanistička i lokalna uprava je ključ za kreiranje takve otpornosti!

Smanjenje rizika u urbanim sredinama donosi mnoge prednosti. Ako se uspješno primjenjuje

Priprema li se vaš grad?kao dio održive urbanizacije, tada gradovi otporni na katastrofe pomažu u smanjenju siromaštva, osiguravaju rast i zapošljavanje, te pružaju veću socijalnu pravednost, svježe poslovne mogućnosti, uravnoteženije ekosus-tave, bolje zdravlje i poboljšanu naobrazbu.

Pozivam gradonačelnike i lokalne vlasti da se pridruže kampanji Učiniti gradove otpornima 2010 -2015.: Moj grad se priprema, i razmisle o načinima na koje mogu provesti što više od ukupno deset osnovica za grad otporan na katastrofe. Oni su institucionalne razine koje su najbliže građanima i izabrani su da budu vođe, od kojih se očekuje da odgovore na potrebe i sigurnost svojih birača. Njihovo sudjelovanje i vodstvo su od vitalnog značaja. Također, upućujem poziv civilnom društvu, planerima i stručnjacima u oblasti urbanizma iz različitih sektora, državnim vlastima i društvenim grupama, da pomognu u razvoju inovativnih rješenja i da se uključe u aktivnosti lokalnih vlasti, kako bi se smanjila opasnost i potakla dobra uprava kroz zajednički rad.

Uspjeh kampanje će se mjeriti time koliko gradonačelnika i lokalnih vlasti su se pridružili kampanji i obvezali da budu njeni zagovor-nici, gradovi primjeri i sudionici; koliko je razvijeno trajnih partnerstava i lokalnih saveza građanskih skupina i masovnih organizacija, akademskih zajednica i privatnog sektora; ko-liko gradova je uvelo nove planove ili promjene za smanjenje rizika.

Tragični potres s katastrofalnim posljedi-cama koji je pogodio glavni grad Haitija, Port-au-Prince, i druge gradove, bio je alarm upozorenja, a zatim je uslijedio potres i cunami u Čileu. Pasivnost nije odgovor.

Set informacija u ovoj brošuri ocrtava karakteristike grada otpornog na katastrofe i identificira značajke rizika u urbanim sredi-



This information kit outlines the characteristics

of a disaster resilient city and identi�es what

constitutes urban risk. It provides important facts

and �gures about disaster risk and describes the

Making Cities Resilient Campaign 2010-2011. It

informs mayors, local governments and other

local actors about what they can do now to make

their cities safer from disasters and how to get

involved in the campaign.

Margareta Wahlström, Special Representative of the

Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction,

United Nations International Strategy for

Disaster Reduction

“I urge local authorities to

accelerate all efforts to

make cities safer to prevent

the loss of lives and assets.

I have been travelling to many places

around the world, witnessing for myself

how local governments can contribute to [..]

global challenges. It is not only the national

governments. It is not only the President or

Prime Minister or Government Ministers who can

address climate change, sustainable economic

development, poverty and disease. We need

support and participation of local leaders:

mayors, governors, county chiefs.”

Message from the United Nations

Secretary-General,

Mr. Ban Ki-moonIncheon, 11 August 2009

�

More than half of the world’s population now

lives in cities or urban centres. Urban settlements

are the lifelines of society. They serve as nations’

economic engines, they are centres of technology

and innovation and they are living evidence of

our cultural heritage. But cities can also become

generators of new risks: failed infrastructure

and services, environmental urban degradation,

increasing informal settlements and almost a

billion slum dwellers around the world. This

makes many urban citizens more vulnerable to

natural hazards.

The United Nations International Strategy for

Disaster Reduction is working with its partners to

raise awareness and commitment for sustainable

development practices that will reduce disaster

risk and increase the wellbeing and safety of

citizens - to invest today for a better tomorrow.

Building on previous campaigns focusing on

education and the safety of schools and hospitals,

ISDR partners are launching a new campaign

in 2010: Making Cities Resilient. The campaign

will seek to convince city leaders and local

governments to commit to a checklist of Ten

Essentials for Making Cities Resilient and to work

alongside local activists, grassroots networks and

national authorities.

UNISDR and its partners have developed

this checklist as a starting point for all those

who want to join in the campaign. Equally

important is that commitment to these Ten

Essentials will empower local governments

and other agencies to implement the Hyogo

Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building

the Resilience of Nations and Communities

to Disasters, adopted by 168 governments in

2005. Good urban and local governance is the

key to this resilience!

Urban risk reduction delivers many bene�ts.

When successfully applied as part of sustainable

urbanization, resilient cities help reduce poverty,

provide for growth and employment, and

deliver greater social equity, fresh business

opportunities, more balanced ecosystems, better

health and improved education.

I call on mayors and local governments to join

in the Making Cities Resilient Campagn 2010-

2011: My City is Getting Ready Campaign and

to consider how they can implement as many of

the Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient as

possible. They are the closest institutional level

to citizens and are elected leaders, expected

to respond to the needs and safety of their

constituencies. Their participation and leadership

are vital. I also call on civil society, planners

and urban professionals from di�erent sectors,

national authorities and community groups to

help develop innovative solutions and to engage

with the local governments to reduce risk and

to encourage good governance by working

together.

The success of the campaign will be measured

by how many mayors and local governments

join and commit as Champions, Resilient

City Role Models and Participants; how many

lasting partnerships and local alliances among

citizen groups and grassroots organizations,

academia and private sector develop; how

many cities introduce new plans or changes

to reduce risk.

The tragic 2010 earthquake disaster in Haiti’s

capital Port-au-Prince and other cities was a

wake up call, followed by the earthquake and

tsunami in Chile. Inaction is not an answer.

Is your city getting ready?


your city resilient

to disasters

Raising awareness activities in the Philippines.

nama. Ona pruža važne činjenice o riziku od katastrofa i opisuje kampanju Učiniti gradove otpornima 2010–2015. Ona pruža informacije gradonačelnicima, lokalnim vlastima i drugim lokalnim akterima o tome što oni sada mogu učiniti kako bi njihovi gradovi bili sigurniji od katastrofa, te kako se mogu uključiti u kampanju.

Margareta Wahlstrom,specijalna izaslanica Generalnog tajnika za smanjenje rizika od katastrofaMeđunarodna strategija Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje katastrofa

“Pozivam lokalne vlasti da ubrzaju sve napore da učine gradove sigurnijima, kako bi se spriječili gubici života i imovine.

Putovao sam na mnoga mjesta diljem svijeta, svjedočeći o tome kako lokalne vlasti mogu doprinijeti [..] globalnim izazovima. To nije samo obveza državnih vlada. Nisu samo pred-sjednici, premijeri ili vladini ministri oni koji mogu ukazati na klimatske promjene, održivi ekonomski razvoj, siromaštvo i bolest. Trebamo potporu i sudjelovanje lokalnih čelnika: gradonačelnka, guvernera, šefova okruga.”

Poruka iz Ujedinjenih narodageneralni tajnik,gdin Ban Ki-moonIncheon, 11. kolovoz 2009.

Prijavite se danas da ucinite

svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe


Rapid urbanization has brought prosperity

and opportunity to many people. This is the

case where cities are well planned and well

governed, keeping up with needed expansion

in infrastructure and services. There are many

rapidly growing cities where vulnerability has

been reduced or controlled by good governance.

One of these, for example, is Curitiba in Brazil:

a city which has grown from a population of

around 150,000 in 1950 to 2.5 million today. It

has innovative environmental policies – including

�ood protection – and a high-quality living

environment. A second Brazilian city, Porto

Alegre, has grown sevenfold since 1950, and now

has 3.5 million citizens, with strong grassroots

organisations and the right to in�uence public

investment priorities. This deliberate policy of

citizen participation in local government has

paid o�, leaving the people of Porto Alegre with

comparable environmental indicators and much

the same life expectancy as city-dwellers in

Western Europe or North America1.

But these are the exceptions, the success

stories. The big picture is more alarming. When

combined with the impact of extreme climate

events and increased poverty – as many as a

billion people now live in urban slums and in

extreme poverty - the increased crowding of

cities has also created new stresses. More and

more people are settling in potential danger

zones such as on unstable hills, volcanic �anks

or earthquake faults, �ood plains and coastal

areas. They do so because planners and local

governments fail to provide alternatives, because

they cannot a�ord safer land, or because they

need to be closer to their sources of income.

Natural hazards should be of major concern to

urban planners and managers. The impacts of

these events are increasingly costly in terms of

lost lives and property.

In the �rst decade of the 21st century (2000-

2009), earthquakes accounted for nearly 60 per

cent of the people killed by disasters, according

to the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of

Disasters (CRED). Climate related disasters such as

�ooding, �ash �oods, tropical cyclones, drought,

wild�res and heat waves now a�ect more people

worldwide. Climate change is accelerating and

the melting of glaciers has severe consequences,

among them glacial lake outbursts and �ash

�oods. Sea level rise will put hundreds of cities in

low-elevation coastal zones, and low-lying small

islands, at risk of disaster, according to the Inter-

governmental Panel on Climate Change.

UN-HABITAT estimates there are 3,351 cities lo-

cated in low-elevation coastal zones around the

world. Of the top 30 cities, 19 are in river deltas.

The top ten, in terms of population exposed to

coastal �ood hazard, are Mumbai, Guangzhou,

Shanghai, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Kolkata,

Greater New York, Osaka-Kobe, Alexandria and

New Orleans.

An overview of natural hazards and urban concernsNatural hazards a�ect cities in di�erent ways but there is potential for disaster as city authorities

struggle to manage overcrowding, rapid urbanization, and environmental degradation.

EarthquakeUrban concerns: Many densely built and populated cities lie on earthquake belts. Non-engineered and

poorly-built or badly-maintained buildings cannot withstand the force of seismic shocks, and are more

likely to collapse. Most earthquake deaths are due to building collapses.

LandslideUrban concerns: A growing number of badly built or makeshift homes that have sprung up on or below

steep slopes, on cli�s or at river mouths in mountain valleys, combined with poor drainage or slope

protection, means that more people are exposed to catastrophic landslides, triggered by rainfall

saturation or seismic activity.

Volcanic EruptionUrban concerns: Settlements on volcano �anks or in historic paths of mud/lava �ows put millions of

people at risk. Adequate early warning systems and constructions to withstand ash and lahar �ows are

concerns for urban and rural areas near volcanoes.

TsunamiUrban concerns: Many cities have been built along tsunami-prone coasts. Adequate construction, early

warning systems and evacuation plans are primary measures to address these.

Tropical CycloneUrban concerns: Many urban areas are exposed to cyclones, strong winds and heavy rain. Wind resistant

constructions, early warning systems with advice for households to lock up windows and secure

property and, if necessary, evacuate are primary measures (see also �ood).

Flood Urban concerns: Flash �oods are a growing urban hazard because concrete and compacted earth will

not absorb water, because open spaces have been colonised, because engineering works have diverted

river �ows, because city drainage systems are inadequate. Housing on river banks or near deltas, may

be badly built or dangerously sited.

FireUrban concerns: Urban �res stem from industrial explosions or earthquakes. Accidental �res are

serious, especially in informal settlements. Fire risks are increasing due to high density building, new

construction materials, more high-rise buildings, and greater use of energy in concentrated areas.

Uncontrolled wild�res can reach urban areas.

DroughtUrban concerns: Drought is an increasing slow onset disaster that triggers migration to urban areas,

putting pressure on housing, employment, basic services and the food supply from surrounding

countryside. Many slums in Africa are �lled with rural families driven from their villages by prolonged

drought or con�ict.

1 Menegat, Rualdo (2002), “Environmental management in Porto Alegre”, ��, Vol. 14, No. 2, October, p 181–206.

2 Chafe, Z. (2007) “Reducing natural disaster risk in cities”, in �� , World Watch Institute,

Washington, D.C.

Why Are Cities at Risk?Natural hazards: an increasing concern for city planners

Zašto su gradovi pod rizikom?Prirodne opasnosti: rastuća briga za odgo-vorne osobe za gradsko prostorno planiranje

Rapidna urbanizacija je donijela prosperitet i prilike za mnoge ljude. Ovo je slučaj gdje su gradovi dobro planirani i dobro vođeni, u korak s potrebnom ekspanzijom infrastrukture i usluga. Postoje mnogi gradovi koji rastu rap-idno, a gdje je ranjivost smanjena, ili pod kon-trolom zahvaljujući dobrom upravljanju. Jedan od njih je, na primjer, Curitiba u Brazilu: grad koji je izrastao iz populacije od oko 150.000 u 1950. godini do 2,5 miliona stanovnika danas. Ovaj grad ima inovativne ekološke politike – uključujući zaštitu od bujica - i visoki kvalitet životnog okruženja. Drugi brazilski grad, Porto Alegre, narastao je sedmerostruko od 1950. godine, a sada ima 3,5 milijuna stanovnika, s jakim masovnim organizacijama i pravom utjecaja na javne investicijske prioritete. Ova smišljena politika sudjelovanja građana u lokalnoj vlasti se isplatila, pružajući građanima Porto Alegra usporedive pokazatelje zaštite okoliša i isti očekivani životni vijek kao kod stanovnika gradova zapadne Europe i Sjeverne Amerike1.

Ali ovo su iznimke, uspješne priče. Velika slika je mnogo alarmantnija. U kombinaciji s utjecajem ekstremnih klimatskih događaja i rastućim siromaštvom – čak milijarda ljudi danas živi u siromašnim gradskim četvrtima i u ekstremnom siromaštvu – povećana gustoća naseljenosti gradova, također, predstavlja novi problem. Sve više i više ljudi naseljavaju se u potencijalno opasne zone kao što su nestabilna brda, vulkanski obronci ili pukotine nastale uslijed potresa, ravnice podložne bujicama i priobalna područja. Oni su tako postupili jer odgovorni za urbanističko planiranje i vlade

nisu pružili alternative, jer ti ljudi sebi ne mogu priuštiti sigurnije okruženje, ili zato što moraju biti bliže svojim izvorima prihoda.Prirodne opasnosti trebaju biti od velike važnosti za urbaniste i rukovoditelje. Utjecaji ovih događaja su sve skuplji u smislu gubitka života i imovine.

U prvoj dekadi 21. stoljeća (2000.–2009.), u potresima je živote izgubilo gotovo 60 posto ljudi poginulih u prirodnim katastrofama, prema Centru za istraživanje i epidemiologiju katastrofa (CRED). Klimatske katastrofe kao što su poplave, bujice, tropski cikloni, suša, požari i toplinski valovi danas utječu na sve više ljudi diljem svijeta. Klimatske promjene ubrzavaju i otapanje glečera što rezultira teškim posljedi-cama, među kojima su izlijevanje glečerskih jezera i bujice. Porast razine mora će rezultirati time da će se stotine gradova naći u obalnim zonama niske nadmorske visine, a mali otoci na nižoj nadmorskoj razini stavit će se u opasnosti od propasti, prema Međuvladinom panelu o klimatskim promjenama.

UN-HABITAT procjenjuje da postoji 3351 gradova diljem svijeta, lociranih na obalnim zonama niske nadmorske razine. Od prvih 30 gradova na ovom spisku, 19 se nalazi na deltama rijeka. Prvih deset, rangiranih prema populaciji izloženoj opasnosti od obalnih bujica su: Mumbai, Guangzhou, Šangaj, Miami, Ho Ši Min, Kolkata, šira oblast New Yorka, Osaka-Kobe, Aleksandrija i New Orleans.

1 Rualdo Menegat (2002) „Upravljanje okolišem u Porto Alegre“, Okoliš i urbanizacija, godina 14, br. 2, strana 181 – 206.



Rapid urbanization has brought prosperity

and opportunity to many people. This is the

case where cities are well planned and well

governed, keeping up with needed expansion

in infrastructure and services. There are many

rapidly growing cities where vulnerability has

been reduced or controlled by good governance.

One of these, for example, is Curitiba in Brazil:

a city which has grown from a population of

around 150,000 in 1950 to 2.5 million today. It

has innovative environmental policies – including

�ood protection – and a high-quality living

environment. A second Brazilian city, Porto

Alegre, has grown sevenfold since 1950, and now

has 3.5 million citizens, with strong grassroots

organisations and the right to in�uence public

investment priorities. This deliberate policy of

citizen participation in local government has

paid o�, leaving the people of Porto Alegre with

comparable environmental indicators and much

the same life expectancy as city-dwellers in

Western Europe or North America1.

But these are the exceptions, the success

stories. The big picture is more alarming. When

combined with the impact of extreme climate

events and increased poverty – as many as a

billion people now live in urban slums and in

extreme poverty - the increased crowding of

cities has also created new stresses. More and

more people are settling in potential danger

zones such as on unstable hills, volcanic �anks

or earthquake faults, �ood plains and coastal

areas. They do so because planners and local

governments fail to provide alternatives, because

they cannot a�ord safer land, or because they

need to be closer to their sources of income.

Natural hazards should be of major concern to

urban planners and managers. The impacts of

these events are increasingly costly in terms of

lost lives and property.

In the �rst decade of the 21st century (2000-

2009), earthquakes accounted for nearly 60 per

cent of the people killed by disasters, according

to the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of

Disasters (CRED). Climate related disasters such as

�ooding, �ash �oods, tropical cyclones, drought,

wild�res and heat waves now a�ect more people

worldwide. Climate change is accelerating and

the melting of glaciers has severe consequences,

among them glacial lake outbursts and �ash

�oods. Sea level rise will put hundreds of cities in

low-elevation coastal zones, and low-lying small

islands, at risk of disaster, according to the Inter-

governmental Panel on Climate Change.

UN-HABITAT estimates there are 3,351 cities lo-

cated in low-elevation coastal zones around the

world. Of the top 30 cities, 19 are in river deltas.

The top ten, in terms of population exposed to

coastal �ood hazard, are Mumbai, Guangzhou,

Shanghai, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Kolkata,

Greater New York, Osaka-Kobe, Alexandria and

New Orleans.

An overview of natural hazards and urban concernsNatural hazards a�ect cities in di�erent ways but there is potential for disaster as city authorities

struggle to manage overcrowding, rapid urbanization, and environmental degradation.

EarthquakeUrban concerns: Many densely built and populated cities lie on earthquake belts. Non-engineered and

poorly-built or badly-maintained buildings cannot withstand the force of seismic shocks, and are more

likely to collapse. Most earthquake deaths are due to building collapses.

LandslideUrban concerns: A growing number of badly built or makeshift homes that have sprung up on or below

steep slopes, on cli�s or at river mouths in mountain valleys, combined with poor drainage or slope

protection, means that more people are exposed to catastrophic landslides, triggered by rainfall

saturation or seismic activity.

Volcanic EruptionUrban concerns: Settlements on volcano �anks or in historic paths of mud/lava �ows put millions of

people at risk. Adequate early warning systems and constructions to withstand ash and lahar �ows are

concerns for urban and rural areas near volcanoes.

TsunamiUrban concerns: Many cities have been built along tsunami-prone coasts. Adequate construction, early

warning systems and evacuation plans are primary measures to address these.

Tropical CycloneUrban concerns: Many urban areas are exposed to cyclones, strong winds and heavy rain. Wind resistant

constructions, early warning systems with advice for households to lock up windows and secure

property and, if necessary, evacuate are primary measures (see also �ood).

Flood Urban concerns: Flash �oods are a growing urban hazard because concrete and compacted earth will

not absorb water, because open spaces have been colonised, because engineering works have diverted

river �ows, because city drainage systems are inadequate. Housing on river banks or near deltas, may

be badly built or dangerously sited.

FireUrban concerns: Urban �res stem from industrial explosions or earthquakes. Accidental �res are

serious, especially in informal settlements. Fire risks are increasing due to high density building, new

construction materials, more high-rise buildings, and greater use of energy in concentrated areas.

Uncontrolled wild�res can reach urban areas.

DroughtUrban concerns: Drought is an increasing slow onset disaster that triggers migration to urban areas,

putting pressure on housing, employment, basic services and the food supply from surrounding

countryside. Many slums in Africa are �lled with rural families driven from their villages by prolonged

drought or con�ict.

1 Menegat, Rualdo (2002), “Environmental management in Porto Alegre”, ��, Vol. 14, No. 2, October, p 181–206.

2 Chafe, Z. (2007) “Reducing natural disaster risk in cities”, in �� , World Watch Institute,

Washington, D.C.

Why Are Cities at Risk?Natural hazards: an increasing concern for city planners

Pregled prirodnih opasnosti i njihov utjecaj na gradska područjaPrirodne opasnosti utječu na gradove na različite načine, ali potencijal za katastrofu je prisutan s obzirom da se gradske vlasti suočavaju s prenaseljenošću, rapidnom urbanizacijom i degradacijom okoliša.

PotresUtjecaj na gradska područja: Mnogi gusto izgrađeni i naseljeni gradovi leže na pojasevima seizmičkih aktivnosti. Loše projektirane i slabo izgrađene ili loše održavane zgrade ne mogu izdržati silu seizmičkih šokova, te je veća vjerojatnost rušenja. Većina smrtnih slučajeva uslijed potresa, dogodila se zbog urušavanja zgrada.

KlizištaUtjecaj na gradska područja: rastući broj nekvalitetno izgrađenih, ili improviziranih domova koji su nikli na, ili ispod strmih padina, na liticama ili na riječnim ušćima u planinskim dolinama, u kombinaciji s lošom drenažom ili zaštitom od nagiba, rezultira time da je sve više ljudi izloženo katastrofalnim odronima na klizištima izazvanih oborinama, ili seizmičkim aktivnostima.

Vulkanske erupcijeUtjecaj na gradska područja: naselja na obroncima vulkana ili povijesnim tokovima lave predstav-ljaju opasnost za milijune ljudi. Adekvatan sustav ranog upozorenja i gradnja otporna na pepeo i blatne tokove su pitanja od značaja za urbana i ruralna područja u blizini vulkana.

CunamiUtjecaj na gradska područja: Mnogi gradovi izgrađeni su duž obala koje su često na udaru cu-namija. Adekvatna gradnja, sustav ranog upozoravanja i planovi evakuacije su primarne mjere za rješavanje ovog problema.

Tropski cikloniUtjecaj na gradska područja: Mnoga urbana područja su izložena ciklonima, snažnim vjetrovima i jakim kišama. Primarne mjere su gradnja otporna na vjetar, sustav ranog upozoravanja sa savjetima za domaćinstva da zatvore prozore i zaštite imovinu, te ako je potrebno, i evakuacija (pogledati, također, pod „bujica“).

BujicaUtjecaj na gradska područja: Bujice predstavljaju rastuću opasnost za gradove jer beton i zbijeno tlo ne upijaju vodu, jer su otvoreni prostori naseljeni, te su zbog gradnje preusmjereni riječni tokovi, jer gradski odvodni sustavi nisu adekvatni. Kuće na obalama rijeka ili u blizini ušća mogu biti loše izgrađene ili smještene na opasnom mjestu.

PožarUtjecaj na gradska područja: Požari u gradovima prouzročeni su industrijskim eksplozijama ili potresima. Požari uslijed nezgoda su opasni naročito u bespravno izgrađenim naseljima. Rizici od požara su u porastu zbog visoke gustoće gradnje, novih građevinskih materijala, više visokih zgrada, te veće uporabe energije u gusto naseljenim područjima. Nekontrolirani požari nastali izvan gradova mogu stići i do urbanih područja.

SušaUtjecaj na gradska područja: Suša je nepogoda u porastu, koja sporo nastaje i izaziva migracije u urbana područja, čime se stavlja dodatni pritisak na stambenu politiku, zapošljavanje, osnovne usluge i koja utječe na zalihe hrane iz okolnih sela. Mnoge sirotinjske četvrti u Africi naselile su obitelji sa sela protjerane iz svojih domova usljed duge suše, ili sukoba.


Lack of available land for

low-income citizens

Most of the urban poor are more exposed

to hazards and disasters because they live in

informal settlements on unsafe sites where basic

services are often lacking. Currently, one in four

households lives in poverty in the developing

world, 40% being in African cities. In the

developing world, 25 to 50% of the people live in

informal settlements or slums in and around urban

centres, and these this number is are growing by

25 million people per year6.

Inappropriate construction

Inappropriate construction puts millions

needlessly in danger. Many die or are seriously

injured when buildings collapse after earthquakes,

landslides, severe storms, �ash �oods and

tsunamis. Up to 80% of deaths from natural

disasters occur in buildings that collapse during

earthquakes, according to available statistics.

Building codes and regulations set minimum

standards for safety, including for �re

protection and resistance to natural hazards

in many countries. Building practices and the

enforcement of the regulations are essential and

are often the missing link. Cutting of costs, lack

of incentive or distorting incentives, coupled

with corruption, are the main reasons why even

well-designed buildings may collapse. Informal

settlements and illegal or non-engineered

constructions shelter the greater part of city

dwellers in developing countries. Even if they

have money, people with no property rights or

insecure tenure will not invest in safe structures

or improvements.

Upgrading critical infrastructure and public

buildings would be a minimum requirement for

sustainable urbanizations and resilience. Safe

schools and hospitals would provide necessary

shelter and services. Storm drainage would

reduce �oods and landslides - and at low cost.

Concentration of economic assets

Economic growth has been fastest in coastal

regions and near large navigable rivers, at risk

from �ooding, sea level rise and extreme weather

events which could become more frequent and

intense due to climate change. Economic assets

tend to be clustered in large cities. Disasters

there can have devastating e�ects on the local

and national economy, as well as in lost lives and

severe injuries, such as during the Great Hanshin

Awaji earthquake that destroyed the port and

much of the city of Kobe in Japan, in 1995. Kobe

City has recovered completely and has since put

in place a comprehensive and innovative set of

policies and actions to deal with disaster risk.

Ecosystems decline

Ecosystems provide substantial benefits and

services to cities and local governments. Yet

as a result of unplanned urban development

and economic growth, many ecosystems

have been significantly altered and exploited,

leading to a dangerous imbalance. Squatter

encroachment on waterways and a shortage

of appropriate drainage systems have exposed

many urban areas to �ash �oods. Deforestation

has led to hillside erosion, making people

vulnerable to landslides triggered by heavy rains,

and the use of concrete has changed the capacity

of soil to absorb �ash �oods. 60% of ecosystem

services are in decline while consumption is

increasing at a rate of more than 80% 7. Fewer

than half of the cities in the world have urban

environment plans8.

Rising urban populations

and increased density

Today, more than 3 billion people - half the

world’s population - live in urban areas. People

are moving to cities in greater numbers than

at any time in history, pulled by hope of better

opportunities or pushed from rural areas by

poverty, environmental degradation, con�icts,

�oods or drought. Natural increase is also a large

contributor to urban population growth and

density. High population density is a signi�cant

risk driver where the quality of housing,

infrastructure and services is poor.

It need not be so. Many high density residential

areas in Europe, Japan and North America are

indeed safe, and protect citizens from storms

and quakes. This is not the case of an increasing

number of informal settlements. By the middle

of the 21st century, the total urban population of

the developing world is expected to more than

double in number, increasing from 2.3 billion in

20053 to 5.3 billion in 2050. Nearly three quarters

of the urban population and most of the largest

cities are now in low- and middle-income nations:

a sevenfold increase since the 1950s4.

Weak urban governance

How this large and rapidly growing urban

population is served and governed have

major implications for development, and for

reducing disaster risk. In high-income nations,

a comprehensive web of infrastructure and

institutions help reduce risks from disasters

and disaster impacts. Urban populations there

take for granted that they have institutions,

infrastructure, services and regulations that

protect them from disasters – including extreme

weather, �oods, �res and technological accidents.

These institutions also supply everyday needs:

health care services integrated with emergency

services and sewer and drainage systems that

serve daily requirements but also can cope with

storms. But only a very small proportion of urban

centres in low- and middle-income nations have

a comparable web of institutions, infrastructure,

services and regulations. In cases of poor urban

governance, local authorities are unable to

provide infrastructure, services or safe land

for housing. A weak and poorly- resourced

local government that lacks investment

capacity and competence that is not engaged

in participatory and strategic urban and

spatial planning on behalf of low-income

citizens in informal settlements, will not

embrace the challenge of resilience, and will

increase the vulnerability of much of the

urban population. Cities such as Mumbai

and Bangalore have a high proportion of

people living in slums or informal settlements

without basic services. But these cities

certainly have enough prosperity to address

such issues thanks to the central government

which has allocated a very large capital sum to

support city governments.

Unplanned urban development Challenges posed by the rapid growth of many

cities and the decline of others, the expansion

of the informal sector and the role of cities in

both causing and mitigating climate change, all

require strong urban planning systems. Many

cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia have

doubled their size in less than 30 years. UN-

HABITAT projected that by 2015, 12 of the

15 largest cities worldwide will be in developing

countries. Much of the urban expansion takes

place outside the o�cial and legal frameworks

of building codes, land use regulations and land

transactions. Existing planning instruments

are often unrealistic. Sustainable urbanization

requires comprehensive steps to manage risk and

emergency plans; and to enforce urban planning

regulations and building codes on the basis of

realistic standards, without excluding the poor.


3 UN-HABITAT (2009), �� , Earthscan, London and Sterling, VA.

4 Satterthwaite, David (2007), �� , Human Settlements.

6 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) (2009), �� , United Nations, Geneva.

7 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), ��

� �� . Island Press, Washington D.C.

8 Alber, Gotelind and Jollands, Nigel (2009), “Cities, their energy use, and washing lines”, ��, Volume 1 Issue 4, pp. 8-10.


your city

resilient

to disasters

“Through the

campaign towards

safer cities and

urban risk reduction,

we can save lives,

achieve gains towards

the Millennium

Development Goals,

help protect natural

resources, the urban

heritage and the

economic activities…”

Rishi Raj Lumsali,

Chairperson of

the Association of

District Development

Committee of Nepal

Što uzrokuje rizik od katastrofa u urbanim sredinama?

Porast gradske populacije i povećana gustoća naseljenosti

Danas, više od 3 milijarde ljudi – pola svjetskog stanovništva - živi u urbanim područjima. Ljudi se danas sele u gradove u većem broju nego bilo kada tijekom povijesti, potaknuti nadom u bolj mogućnost ili odlazeći iz ruralnih područja zbog siromaštva, degradacije okoliša, konflikta, bujica ili suša. Prirodni priraštaj je, također, veliki čimbenik utjecaja na porast broja stanovnika i gustoću naseljenosti. Visoka gustoća naseljenosti je značajan uzročnik rizika, zbog loše kvalitete stanovanja, infrastrukture i usluga.

To ipak i ne mora biti tako. Mnoga gusto naseljena stambena područja u Europi, Japanu i Sjevernoj Americi su uistinu sigurna i pružaju zaštitu stanovništvu od oluja i potresa. To, međutim, nije slučaj u rastućem broju besprav-no izgrađenih naselja. Do sredine 21. stoljeća,, očekuje se da će se ukupna gradska populacija u zemljama u razvoju brojno udvostručiti, sa 2,3 milijarde u 2005. godini2, do 5,3 milijardi u 2050. godini. Gotovo tri četvrtine gradskog stanovništva i većina najvećih gradova spadaju u kategoriju niskog ili srednjeg dohotka stanovništva: što predstavlja sedmerostruko povećanje od 1950. godine3.

Slaba gradska uprava

Način na koji se pružaju usluge i upravlja ovim velikim i brzorastućim stanovništvom urbanih područja predstavlja glavnu implikaciju za razvoj, kao i za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa. U zemljama s visokim dohotkom stanovništva, sveobuhvatna mreža infrastrukture i institucija pomaže u smanjenju rizika i utjecaja katastrofa. Gradska populacija u tim sredinama uzima „zdravo za gotovo“ činjenicu da postoje institucije, infrastruktura, usluge i propisi koji ih štite od katastrofa - uključujući i ekstremne vremenske prilike, poplave, požare i tehnološke nesreće. Ove institucije, također, zadovoljavaju svakodnevne potrebe: zdravstvene usluge integrirane s uslugama žurne pomoći, te kanalizacijski i drenažni sustavi koji služe za dnevne potrebe, ali koji, također, funkcion-iraju i u slučaju oluja. Ali samo vrlo mali udio

urbanih centara s niskim i srednjim dohotkom stanovništva imaju usporedive mreže instituci-ja, infrastrukturu, usluge i propise. U slučaju loše gradske uprave, lokalne vlasti nisu u stanju pružiti infrastrukturu, usluge ili oblasti sigurne za stanovanje. Slabe lokalne samouprave sa siromašnim resursima kojima nedostaju kapac-iteti za ulaganja i kompetentnost, te koje nisu uključene u strateško urbanističko i prostorno planiranje za građane koji ostvaruju niske pri-hode i žive u bespravno izgrađenim naseljima, neće prihvatiti izazov izgradnje otpornosti grada, te će time povećati ranjivost velikog broja gradskog stanovništva. U gradovima kao što su Mumbai i Bangalore postoji veliki broj ljudi koji žive u sirotinjskim četvrtima i besprav-no izgrađenim naseljima, bez osnovnih usluga. Ali ovi gradovi imaju mogućnosti za rješavanje takvih pitanja zahvaljujući centralnoj vladi koja odvaja veliki kapitalni iznos za potporu gradskim vlastima.

Neplanirani urbani razvoj

Izazovi nastali brzim rastom mnogih gradova, kao i propadanjem drugih, ekspanzijom nefor-malnog sektora i uloge gradova u uzrokovanju i ublažavanju klimatskih promjena, zahtijevaju jake sustave planiranja urbanih područja. Mnogi gradovi u Latinskoj Americi, Africi i Aziji su udvostručili svoju veličinu u manje od 30 godina. UN-HABITAT predviđa da će do 2015. godine, 12 od 15 najvećih svjetskih gradova biti gradovi zemalja u razvoju. Veliki dio širenja urbanih prostora se odvija izvan socijalnih i pravnih okvira propisa o gradnji, regulacija prostornog planiranja i zemljišnih transakcija. Postojeći instrumenti planiranja su često nerealni. Održiva urbanizacija zahtijeva sveobuhvatne mjere za upravljanje rizicima i žurno planiranje, kako bi se sprovodili propisi za urbano planiranje i građevinski propisi na temelju realističnih standarda, ne isključujući siromašne.

Nedostatak raspoloživog zemljišta za građane s niskim dohotkom

Veliki broj gradskog siromašnog stanovništva je više izložen opasnostima i katastrofama, jer ono živi u bespravno izgrađenim naseljima, na nesigurnim mjestima gdje često nedostaju

“Putem kampanje za sigurnije gradove i smanjenje urbanih

rizika, možemo spasiti živote,

ostvariti progres prema Milenijskim

razvojnim ciljevima, pomoći u zaštiti

prirodnih resursa, urbane zaostavštine

i ekonomskih aktivnosti ... “

Rishi Raj Lumsali,Predsjedavajući

Udruženja za razvoj općina u Odboru

Nepala


2UN-HABITAT (2009), Planiranje održivih gradova: globalno izviješće o ljudskim naseljima 2009, Earthcsan, London i Sterling, VA. 3David Satterthwaite(2007), Tranzicija na predominantno urbani svijet i njegove osnove, ljudska naselja.


Lack of available land for

low-income citizens

Most of the urban poor are more exposed

to hazards and disasters because they live in

informal settlements on unsafe sites where basic

services are often lacking. Currently, one in four

households lives in poverty in the developing

world, 40% being in African cities. In the

developing world, 25 to 50% of the people live in

informal settlements or slums in and around urban

centres, and these this number is are growing by

25 million people per year6.

Inappropriate construction

Inappropriate construction puts millions

needlessly in danger. Many die or are seriously

injured when buildings collapse after earthquakes,

landslides, severe storms, �ash �oods and

tsunamis. Up to 80% of deaths from natural

disasters occur in buildings that collapse during

earthquakes, according to available statistics.

Building codes and regulations set minimum

standards for safety, including for �re

protection and resistance to natural hazards

in many countries. Building practices and the

enforcement of the regulations are essential and

are often the missing link. Cutting of costs, lack

of incentive or distorting incentives, coupled

with corruption, are the main reasons why even

well-designed buildings may collapse. Informal

settlements and illegal or non-engineered

constructions shelter the greater part of city

dwellers in developing countries. Even if they

have money, people with no property rights or

insecure tenure will not invest in safe structures

or improvements.

Upgrading critical infrastructure and public

buildings would be a minimum requirement for

sustainable urbanizations and resilience. Safe

schools and hospitals would provide necessary

shelter and services. Storm drainage would

reduce �oods and landslides - and at low cost.

Concentration of economic assets

Economic growth has been fastest in coastal

regions and near large navigable rivers, at risk

from �ooding, sea level rise and extreme weather

events which could become more frequent and

intense due to climate change. Economic assets

tend to be clustered in large cities. Disasters

there can have devastating e�ects on the local

and national economy, as well as in lost lives and

severe injuries, such as during the Great Hanshin

Awaji earthquake that destroyed the port and

much of the city of Kobe in Japan, in 1995. Kobe

City has recovered completely and has since put

in place a comprehensive and innovative set of

policies and actions to deal with disaster risk.

Ecosystems decline

Ecosystems provide substantial benefits and

services to cities and local governments. Yet

as a result of unplanned urban development

and economic growth, many ecosystems

have been significantly altered and exploited,

leading to a dangerous imbalance. Squatter

encroachment on waterways and a shortage

of appropriate drainage systems have exposed

many urban areas to �ash �oods. Deforestation

has led to hillside erosion, making people

vulnerable to landslides triggered by heavy rains,

and the use of concrete has changed the capacity

of soil to absorb �ash �oods. 60% of ecosystem

services are in decline while consumption is

increasing at a rate of more than 80% 7. Fewer

than half of the cities in the world have urban

environment plans8.

Rising urban populations

and increased density

Today, more than 3 billion people - half the

world’s population - live in urban areas. People

are moving to cities in greater numbers than

at any time in history, pulled by hope of better

opportunities or pushed from rural areas by

poverty, environmental degradation, con�icts,

�oods or drought. Natural increase is also a large

contributor to urban population growth and

density. High population density is a signi�cant

risk driver where the quality of housing,

infrastructure and services is poor.

It need not be so. Many high density residential

areas in Europe, Japan and North America are

indeed safe, and protect citizens from storms

and quakes. This is not the case of an increasing

number of informal settlements. By the middle

of the 21st century, the total urban population of

the developing world is expected to more than

double in number, increasing from 2.3 billion in

20053 to 5.3 billion in 2050. Nearly three quarters

of the urban population and most of the largest

cities are now in low- and middle-income nations:

a sevenfold increase since the 1950s4.

Weak urban governance

How this large and rapidly growing urban

population is served and governed have

major implications for development, and for

reducing disaster risk. In high-income nations,

a comprehensive web of infrastructure and

institutions help reduce risks from disasters

and disaster impacts. Urban populations there

take for granted that they have institutions,

infrastructure, services and regulations that

protect them from disasters – including extreme

weather, �oods, �res and technological accidents.

These institutions also supply everyday needs:

health care services integrated with emergency

services and sewer and drainage systems that

serve daily requirements but also can cope with

storms. But only a very small proportion of urban

centres in low- and middle-income nations have

a comparable web of institutions, infrastructure,

services and regulations. In cases of poor urban

governance, local authorities are unable to

provide infrastructure, services or safe land

for housing. A weak and poorly- resourced

local government that lacks investment

capacity and competence that is not engaged

in participatory and strategic urban and

spatial planning on behalf of low-income

citizens in informal settlements, will not

embrace the challenge of resilience, and will

increase the vulnerability of much of the

urban population. Cities such as Mumbai

and Bangalore have a high proportion of

people living in slums or informal settlements

without basic services. But these cities

certainly have enough prosperity to address

such issues thanks to the central government

which has allocated a very large capital sum to

support city governments.

Unplanned urban development Challenges posed by the rapid growth of many

cities and the decline of others, the expansion

of the informal sector and the role of cities in

both causing and mitigating climate change, all

require strong urban planning systems. Many

cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia have

doubled their size in less than 30 years. UN-

HABITAT projected that by 2015, 12 of the

15 largest cities worldwide will be in developing

countries. Much of the urban expansion takes

place outside the o�cial and legal frameworks

of building codes, land use regulations and land

transactions. Existing planning instruments

are often unrealistic. Sustainable urbanization

requires comprehensive steps to manage risk and

emergency plans; and to enforce urban planning

regulations and building codes on the basis of

realistic standards, without excluding the poor.


3 UN-HABITAT (2009), �� , Earthscan, London and Sterling, VA.

4 Satterthwaite, David (2007), �� , Human Settlements.

6 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) (2009), �� , United Nations, Geneva.

7 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), ��

� �� . Island Press, Washington D.C.

8 Alber, Gotelind and Jollands, Nigel (2009), “Cities, their energy use, and washing lines”, ��, Volume 1 Issue 4, pp. 8-10.


your city

resilient

to disasters

“Through the

campaign towards

safer cities and

urban risk reduction,

we can save lives,

achieve gains towards

the Millennium

Development Goals,

help protect natural

resources, the urban

heritage and the

economic activities…”

Rishi Raj Lumsali,

Chairperson of

the Association of

District Development

Committee of Nepal


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe

osnovne usluge. Trenutačno, u zemljama u razvoju, jedno od četiri kućanstva živi u siromaštvu, a njih 40% živi u afričkim gradovi-ma. U zemljama u razvoju, 25-50% ljudi živi u bespravno izgrađenim naseljima ili siromašnim četvrtima u i oko urbanih centara, a ovaj broj godišnje raste za 25 milijuna ljudi4.

Neprikladna gradnja

Neprikladna gradnja predstavlja nepotrebnu opasnost za milijune ljudi. Mnogi umiru ili bivaju ozbiljno povrijeđeni uslijed rušenja zgrada prouzročenog potresima, klizištima, jakim olujama, bujicama, te cunamijima. Prema dostupnim statističkim podacima, do 80% sm-rtnih slučajeva od prirodnih nesreća dogodi se u zgradama koje se urušavaju tijekom potresa.

Regulativa i propisi gradnje u mnogim zemlja-ma određuju minimalne standarde sigurnosti, uključujući zaštitu od požara i otpornost na prirodne opasnosti. Provedba regulacije i propisa o gradnji je neophodna i često je karika koja nedostaje. Rezanje troškova, nedostatak poticaja za gradnju ili narušavanje tih poticaja, zajedno s korupcijom, glavni su razlozi zašto se čak i dobro dizajnirane zgrade mogu srušiti. Bespravno izgrađena naselja i ilegalne, ili građevine nastale bez projekta predstavl-jaju krov nad glavom za veći dio gradskog stanovništva u zemljama u razvoju. Čak i ako imaju novac, ljudi bez prava vlasništva ili s nesigurnim zakupom neće ulagati u sigurnost i poboljšanje objekata.

Poboljšanje kritične infrastrukture i javnih zgrada bi bio minimalan uvjet za održivu urbanizaciju i otpornost. Sigurne škole i bolnice bi pružile potrebno utočište i usluge. Kanalizacijski sustav prilagođen katastrofama bi smanjio broj bujica i klizišta - i to po niskoj cijeni.

Koncentracija ekonomskih sredstava

Ekonomski rast je bio najbrži u obalnim regijama i područjima u blizini velikih plovnih rijeka, koja su u opasnosti od bujica, porasta razine mora i događaja prouzročenih eks-tremnim vremenskim uvjetima koji bi mogli postati češći i intenzivniji uslijed klimatskih

promjena. Postoji tendencija da se ekonomska sredstva koncentriraju u velikim gradovima. Tamo katastrofe mogu imati razarajući učinak na lokalno i nacionalno gospodarstvo, te mogu prouzročiti gubitak života i teške povrede, kao što je veliki Hanshin Awaji potres uništio luku i veliki dio grada Kobe u Japanu, 1995. godine. Grad Kobe se potpuno oporavio, a od tog događaja na snazi je sveobuhvatan i inovativan set politika i djelovanja koje se bave rizicima od katastrofa.

Propadanje ekosustava

Ekosustavi pružaju znatne prednosti i usluge za gradove i lokalne vlasti. Ipak, kao rezultat neplaniranog razvoja gradova i ekonom-skog rasta, mnogi ekosustavi značajno su promijenjeni i eksploatirani, što dovodi do opasne neravnoteže. Bespravno naseljavanje pored vodenih tokova i nedostatak adekvatnih kanalizacijskih sustava izlažu mnoga urbana područja bujicama. Krčenje šuma dovelo je do erozije padina, čime su ljudi postali izloženi opasnostima od pokretanja klizišta uslijed obilnih kiša, a korištenje betona je utjecalo na kapacitet apsorpcije tla u slučaju bujica. 60% koristi koje čovjek crpi iz ekosustava je u padu, dok potrošnja raste po stopi od više od 80%5. Manje od polovice gradova u svijetu imaju urbanističke okolišne planove6.

4 Međunarodna strategija za smanjenje katastrofa (ISDR) (2009), Globalno izvješće o procjeni stanja smanjenja rizika od katastrofa, Ujedinjeni narodi, Ženeva.5 Milenijska procjena ekosustava (2005), Ekosustavi i dobrobit za čovjeka, Trenutačno stanje i trendovi, Nalazi Radne grupe za stanje i trendove. Island Press, Washington D.C. 6 Gotelind Alber i Nigel Jollands (2009) „Gradovi, uporaba energije, i štrikovi za rublje“, Urban World, knjiga 1, 4. Izdanje, strana 8-10.


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe

Dro

ug

ht - Fe

bru

ary –

Au

gu

st 19

91

Ch

ina

- Jian

gxi, H

un

an

pro

vin

ces

De

ath

s: 2,0

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 5

,00

0,0

00

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: N.A

.Wild

�re

- Feb

rua

ry 20

09

Au

stralia

- Victo

ria/N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les

De

ath

s: 24

0N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: 32

,07

0D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 8,0

00

He

at w

ave - A

ug

ust 2

00

3F

ran

ce - P

aris

De

ath

s: 19

,49

0N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: N.A

. E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 4

,40

0

Trop

ical cyclo

ne

- Octo

be

r 19

98

Ho

nd

ura

sTe

gu

ciga

lpa

an

d co

asta

l are

aD

ea

ths: 1

4,6

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 2

,11

2,0

00

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 3,7

93

.6

Vo

lcan

ic eru

ptio

n - Ju

ne

19

97

Mo

ntse

rrat - P

lymo

uth

De

ath

s: 23

2N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: 4,0

00

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 8

Floo

d/�

ash

�o

od

- De

cem

be

r 19

99

Ve

ne

zue

la - Fe

de

ral d

istrict Ca

raca

sD

ea

ths: 1

9,0

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 4

83

,63

5E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 3

,16

0

Tsun

am

i - De

cem

be

r 20

04

Ind

on

esia

- Ba

nd

a A

ceh

De

ath

s: 16

,57

08

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 5

32

,89

8E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 4

,45

1.6

Ea

rthq

ua

ke - Ja

nu

ary 1

99

5Ja

pa

n - K

ob

e-O

sak

a re

gio

nD

ea

ths: 5

,29

7N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: 54

1,6

36

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 10

0,0

00

Lan

dslid

e - S

ep

tem

be

r 19

95

Ind

ia - K

ulla

(Him

ach

al P

rad

esh

)

De

ath

s: 40

0E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 1

,10

0,0

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: N

.A.

Ten most populous cities and associated disaster risk

City Population(million)

Disaster risk

Earthquake Volcano Storms Tornado Flood Sturm surge

Tokyo 35.2 x x x x x

Mexico City 19.4 x x x

New York 18.7 x x x

São Paulo 18.3 x x

Mumbai 18.2 x x x x

Delhi 15.0 x x x

Shanghai 14.5 x x x x

Kolkata 14.3 x x x x x

Jakarta 13.2 x x

Buenos Aires 12.6 x x x

Global trends in urbanization

RegionUrban population Percentage urban

1950 1975 2007 2025 2050 1950 1975 2007 2025 2050

World 737 1518 3294 4584 6398 29.1 37.3 49.4 57.2 69.6

More developed

region427 702 916 99 1071 52.5 67.0 74.4 79.0 86.0

Less developed

region310 817 2382 3590 5327 18.0 27.0 43.8 53.2 67.0

Africa 32 107 373 658 1233 14.5 25.7 38.7 47.2 61.8

Asia 237 574 1645 2440 3486 16.8 24.0 40.8 51.1 66.2

Europe 281 444 528 545 557 51.2 65.7 72.2 76.2 83.8

Latin America and

the Carribean69 198 448 575 683 41.4 61.1 78.3 83.5 88.7

North America 110 180 275 365 402 63.9 73.8 81.3 85.7 90.2

Oceania 8 13 24 27 31 62.0 71.5 70.5 71.9 76.4

Fac

ts an

d F

igu

res

Figu

re 3

: Ex

am

ple

s of m

ajo

r city

disa

sters p

er h

aza

rd ty

pe

My

C

it

y

is

G

et

tin

g

Re

ad

y

So

urce

s: Cen

tre for R

esearch

on

Epid

emio

log

y of D

isasters (C

RED

) (20

09

); U S D

epa

rtmen

t of th

e Interio

r, USG

S Fact Sh

eet FS 10

3 0

1. h

ttp://p

ub

s.usg

s.go

v/fs/fs-01

03

-01

/fs-01

03

-01

.pd

f

No

te: Th

ese �g

ures o

ften en

com

pa

ss urb

an

area

s ou

tside th

e actu

al city b

ou

nd

aries u

p to

entire reg

ion

s.

Činjenice i b

rojkeSlika

3: Primjeri ka

tastrofa

u većim g

rad

ovima

po tip

u opa

snosti

Tropski ciklon – listopad 1998.H

ondurasTegucigalpa i obalno područjeBroj sm

rtno stradalih: 14.600Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: 2.112.000Procijenjena ekonom

ska šteta u mil.

USD

: 3.793.6

Vulkanska erupcija – lipanj 1997.M

ontserrat - Plymouth

Broj smrtno stradalih: 232

Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: 4.000Procijenjena ekonom

ska šteta u m

il. USD

: 8

Toplotni val – kolovoz 2003.Francuska - ParizBroj sm

rtno stradalih: 19.490Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: nepoznatoProcijenjena ekonom

ska šteta u mil.

USD

: 4.400

Klizište – rujan 1995.Indija - Kulla (M

adhya Pradesh)Broj sm

rtno stradalih: 400Procijenjena ekonom

ska šteta u mil.

USD

: 1.100.000Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: nepoznato

Cunami – prosinac 2004.

Indonezija - Banda AcehBroj sm

rtno stradalih: 165.708Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: 532.898Procijenjena ekonom

ska šteta u mil.

USD

: 4.451.6

Suša – veljača-kolovoz 1991.Kina - Jiangxi, H

unan provincijaBroj sm

rtno stradalih: 2000Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: 5.000.000Procijenjena ekonom

ska šteta u mil.

USD

: nepoznato

Požar – veljača 2009.A

ustralija - Victoria / Novi Južni

Wales

Broj smrtno stradalih: 240

Broj ljudi koji su pretrpjeli posljedice: 32.070 Šteta u m

il. USD

: 8.000

Bujica – prosinac 1999.Venezuela - savezni distrikt CaracasBroj sm


ska šteta u mil.

USD

: 3.160

Potres – siječanj 1995.Japan - Kobe-O

saka regijaBroj sm


ska šteta u mil.

USD

: 100.000

Izvori: Centar za istraživanje i epidemiologiju katastrofa (CRED

) (2009); Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova SAD

-a, USG

S Fact Sheet FS 103 01. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0103-01/fs-0103-01.pdf. N

apomena: O

ve činjenice i brojke često obuhvaćaju urbana područja izvan stvarnih gradskih granica, sve do područja čitavih regija.

Mo

j Gra

d S

e P

ripre

ma

Dro

ug

ht - Fe

bru

ary –

Au

gu

st 19

91

Ch

ina

- Jian

gxi, H

un

an

pro

vin

ces

De

ath

s: 2,0

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 5

,00

0,0

00

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: N.A

.Wild

�re

- Feb

rua

ry 20

09

Au

stralia

- Victo

ria/N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les

De

ath

s: 24

0N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: 32

,07

0D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 8,0

00

He

at w

ave - A

ug

ust 2

00

3F

ran

ce - P

aris

De

ath

s: 19

,49

0N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: N.A

. E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 4

,40

0

Trop

ical cyclo

ne

- Octo

be

r 19

98

Ho

nd

ura

sTe

gu

ciga

lpa

an

d co

asta

l are

aD

ea

ths: 1

4,6

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 2

,11

2,0

00

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 3,7

93

.6

Vo

lcan

ic eru

ptio

n - Ju

ne

19

97

Mo

ntse

rrat - P

lymo

uth

De

ath

s: 23

2N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: 4,0

00

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 8

Floo

d/�

ash

�o

od

- De

cem

be

r 19

99

Ve

ne

zue

la - Fe

de

ral d

istrict Ca

raca

sD

ea

ths: 1

9,0

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 4

83

,63

5E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 3

,16

0

Tsun

am

i - De

cem

be

r 20

04

Ind

on

esia

- Ba

nd

a A

ceh

De

ath

s: 16

,57

08

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: 5

32

,89

8E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 4

,45

1.6

Ea

rthq

ua

ke - Ja

nu

ary 1

99

5Ja

pa

n - K

ob

e-O

sak

a re

gio

nD

ea

ths: 5

,29

7N

o. o

f A�

ecte

d P

eo

ple

: 54

1,6

36

Estim

ate

d E

con

om

ic D

am

ag

e in

US

$ m

illion

: 10

0,0

00

Lan

dslid

e - S

ep

tem

be

r 19

95

Ind

ia - K

ulla

(Him

ach

al P

rad

esh

)

De

ath

s: 40

0E

stima

ted

Eco

no

mic

Da

ma

ge

in U

S$

millio

n: 1

,10

0,0

00

No

. of A

�e

cted

Pe

op

le: N

.A.

Ten most populous cities and associated disaster risk

City Population(million)

Disaster risk

Earthquake Volcano Storms Tornado Flood Sturm surge

Tokyo 35.2 x x x x x

Mexico City 19.4 x x x

New York 18.7 x x x

São Paulo 18.3 x x

Mumbai 18.2 x x x x

Delhi 15.0 x x x

Shanghai 14.5 x x x x

Kolkata 14.3 x x x x x

Jakarta 13.2 x x

Buenos Aires 12.6 x x x

Global trends in urbanization

RegionUrban population Percentage urban

1950 1975 2007 2025 2050 1950 1975 2007 2025 2050

World 737 1518 3294 4584 6398 29.1 37.3 49.4 57.2 69.6

More developed

region427 702 916 99 1071 52.5 67.0 74.4 79.0 86.0

Less developed

region310 817 2382 3590 5327 18.0 27.0 43.8 53.2 67.0

Africa 32 107 373 658 1233 14.5 25.7 38.7 47.2 61.8

Asia 237 574 1645 2440 3486 16.8 24.0 40.8 51.1 66.2

Europe 281 444 528 545 557 51.2 65.7 72.2 76.2 83.8

Latin America and

the Carribean69 198 448 575 683 41.4 61.1 78.3 83.5 88.7

North America 110 180 275 365 402 63.9 73.8 81.3 85.7 90.2

Oceania 8 13 24 27 31 62.0 71.5 70.5 71.9 76.4

Fac

ts an

d F

igu

res

Figu

re 3

: Ex

am

ple

s of m

ajo

r city

disa

sters p

er h

aza

rd ty

pe

My

C

it

y

is

G

et

tin

g

Re

ad

y

So

urce

s: Cen

tre for R

esearch

on

Epid

emio

log

y of D

isasters (C

RED

) (20

09

); U S D

epa

rtmen

t of th

e Interio

r, USG

S Fact Sh

eet FS 10

3 0

1. h

ttp://p

ub

s.usg

s.go

v/fs/fs-01

03

-01

/fs-01

03

-01

.pd

f

No

te: Th

ese �g

ures o

ften en

com

pa

ss urb

an

area

s ou

tside th

e actu

al city b

ou

nd

aries u

p to

entire reg

ion

s.

Mo

j Gra

d S

e P

ripre

ma

Deset najnaseljenijih gradova i prateći rizik od katastrofa

Globalni trendovi urbanizacije

Grad

Region

Populacija (u milijunima)

potres vulkan oluja tornado bujica olujni valovi

Rizik od katastrofa

Urbana populacija Postotak urbane populacije

Šangaj

Kolkata

Svijet

Razvijenije regije

Manje razvijene regije

Afrika

Azija

Europa

Latinska Amerika i Karibi

Sjeverna Amerika

Oceanija


Projected losses from earthquakes in megacities...

Istanbul: A large earthquake in Istanbul is would

be expected to kill 40,000 persons, injure 200,000

and leave a staggering 400,000 households in

need of shelter. About 40,000 buildings would be

uninhabitable or su�er total collapse through

“pancake type failure”. Another 300,000 more would

have moderate to severe damages. The direct

monetary losses due to building damage alone would

add up to US$ 11 billion.

Tehran: The North Tehran and Mosha faults

situated towards the northern side of Greater

Tehran and the Ray Fault on the southern limits of

the city have the potential to generate Mw= 7.2 and

6.7 respectively. This, according to the earthquake

scenarios developed under the JICA-CEST, 1999-

2000, could produce a death toll of 120,000 to

380,000 if either of the two faults were to move,

because of the vulnerability of existing structures.

Mumbai: Several studies suggest that one of the

most vulnerable elements exposed in Mumbai is

its building stock, which certainly contributes to

the increasing risk of its population. The Mumbai

region is entirely urban and the building stock

exhibits a rich mix of several di�erent technologies.

A moderately low earthquake intensity level of VII

(MSK scale) in the city could produce a death toll of

34,000 if it was to happen early in the morning. The

�ood risk is high.

Kathmandu City: A large in�ux of migrants has

increased pressure on the local authorities to

provide housing and basic services. The old part of

town is particularly vulnerable due to: a) poor living

conditions in high density neighbourhoods,

b) poor capacity of the buildings to withstand

seismic forces, c) narrow roadways that limit access

in an emergency response, and d) limited water

provision along with intricate electrical installations

where �res can easily take hold9.

In small urban centres

Many people in Africa, Asia and Latin America live

in tens of thousands of small urban centres and in

hundreds of thousands of large villages that have

several thousand inhabitants and that might

also be considered as small urban centres. The

extent to which their populations face disaster

needs consideration – especially given the over-

concentration in the literature on large cities or

mega-cities. Far more people live in small urban

centres in low- and middle-income nations than

in mega-cities.

Some of Turkey’s biggest builders have readily

admitted to using shoddy materials and bad

practices in the urban construction boom. In an

interview in 2009 with the Turkish publication

Referans, a billionaire Turkish developer described

how in the 1970s, salty sea sand and scrap

iron were routinely used in buildings made of

reinforced concrete. ‘‘At that time, this was the

best material,’’ he said, according to a translation

of the interview. ‘‘Not just us, but all companies

were doing the same thing. If an earthquake

occurs in Istanbul, not even the army will be able

to get in.’’

Source: In megacities, ‘rubble in waiting’; Millions

are put at risk by �imsy housing built in populous

quake zones, by Andrew C Revkin, International

Herald Tribune, 26 February 2010.

Not only are cities

home to over three

billion people, but

they are the economic

engines of our

societies and account

for most nations’

wealth. In fact, most

of the global GDP

of US$ 39.4 trillion

(2007 �gure, in

constant 2000 US$)

is generated in urban

environments. 10

9 Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (2010), Megacities Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Base (MDRM-KB), http://www.pdc.org/emi/emihome.html.

10 Development Data Platform (DDP) (2008), Population data: UN Population Division, Development Data Group World Population Prospects, 2006.

Revision, World Bank, Washington D.C.

Facts and Figures photo ville

photo petite ville

Eight of the ten most populous cities in the

world are threatened by earthquakes, and six

out of ten are vulnerable to storm surge and

tsunami waves2.

cuote bidonville

Each year 25 million more people

are living in slums and informal

settlements which are often built

on unsafe land, unstable slopes

and flood plains.UNHABITAT, 2010 State of the World’s Cities report.


your city resilient

to disasters

Slums in Colombia


Činjenice i brojkeProjekcija gubitaka od potresa u megagradovima

Istanbul: Veliki potres u Istanbulu bi ubio 40.000 osoba, ozlijedio 200.000 i ostavio nevjerojatan broj od 400.000 kućanstava i porodica bez krova nad glavom. Oko 40.000 zgrada bi ostalo neuvjetno za život ili bi se urušile tzv. “efektom palačinke“. Ostalih 300.000 zgrada bi pretrpjelo umjerenu do tešku štetu. Direktni novčani gubici zbog oštećenja zgrada bi iznosili do 11 milijardi američkih dolara.

Teheran: Rasjedi u sjevernom Teheranu i Moshikoji se nalaze na sjevernoj strani šireg područja Teherana, i rasjed kod Raya na južnoj granici grada imaju potencijal za generiranje MW = 7,2, odnosno 6,7. Ovakvo stanje, prema scenarijima potresa koje su razvili JICA-CEST, 1999-2000., može dovesti do smrti 120.000 do 380.000 ljudi ako bi se bilo koji od dva rasjeda pomaknuli, zbog ranjivosti postojećih struktura.

Mumbai: Nekoliko studija ukazuju na to da jedan od elemenata koji su u Mumbaiju najugroženiji i najizloženiji jesu građevine, što pridonosi povećanju rizika za njegove stanovnike. Područje Mumbaia je u potpunosti gradsko, a način gradnje ukazuje na mješavinu različitih tehnologija. Potres umjerenog inten-ziteta od 7 stupnjeva po MSK skali u ovom u gradu, mogao bi prouzročiti smrt 34.000 ljudi ako se dogodi u ranim jutarnjim satima. Rizik od bujica je, također, visok.

Kathmandu: Veliki broj migranata povećao je pritisak na lokalne vlasti da osiguraju stambeni prostor i osnovne usluge za stanovništvo. Stari dio grada je naročito izložen zbog: a) loših uvjeta za život u gusto naseljenim četvrtima, b) loše sposobnosti zgrada da izdrže seizmičku silu, c) uskih cesta koje ograničavaju pristup u žurnim slučajevima i d) ograničene opskrbe vodom u kombinaciji sa zamršenim električnim instalacijama, što može lako dovesti do požara7.

U malim urbanim centrima

Mnogi ljudi u Africi, Aziji i Latinskoj Americi žive u desetinama tisuća malih urbanih cen-tara i stotinama tisuća velikih sela koja imaju nekoliko tisuća stanovnika i koja bi se, također, mogla smatrati malim urbanim centrima. Opseg u kojem se njihovo stanovništvo suočava s razornim katastrofama treba uzeti u obzir – naročito s obzirom na to da su u literaturi najviše zastupljeni veliki gradovi i megagradovi. Daleko više ljudi u zemljama s niskim do srednjim dohotkom živi u malim urbanim centrima, nego u megagradovima.

Neke od najvećih turskih građevinskih firmi priznale su da su koristile materijal lošeg kvaliteta, te da nisu radile po najboljim građevinskim praksama tijekom perioda ek-spanzije gradnje urbanih naselja. U intervjuu, 2009. godine, za turski časopis Referans, milijarderski graditelj turskih stambenih naselja opisao je kako su 1970. godina rutinski korišteni slani morski pijesak i željezni otpad prilikom izgradnje kuća od armiranog betona. ‘’U to vrijeme, to je bio najbolji materijal’’ rekao je on, prema prijevodu intervjua. ‘’Ne samo mi, već su sve firme radile to isto. Ako bi se desio potres u Istanbulu, ni vojska ne bi mogla ući.’’

Izvor: U megagradovima, ‘ruševine na čekanju’; Milijuni pod rizikom zbog loše izgrađenih naselja u zonama potresa, Andrew C Revkin, Interna-tional Herald Tribune, 26. veljače 2010.

Ne samo da su gradovi dom za više od tri milijarde ljudi,

oni su i ekonomski pokretači našeg

društva i predstavljaju bogatstvo za većinu

država. U stvari, veći dio globalnog

BDP-a od 39,4 biliona američkih dolara (po-

datak iz 2007. godine) se generira u urbanim

okruženjima8.

7 Inicijativa: potresi i megagradovi (2010), Baza znanja za upravljanje rizikom od katastrofa u megagradovima (MDRM-KB), http://www.pdc.org/emi/emihome.html. 8 Platforma podataka o razvoju (DDP) (2008), Podaci o stanovništvu: UN odjel za stanovništvo, Skupina za razvojne podatke o perspektivi svjetskog stanovništva,2006.Revizija, Svjetska banka, Washington D.C.


Projected losses from earthquakes in megacities...

Istanbul: A large earthquake in Istanbul is would

be expected to kill 40,000 persons, injure 200,000

and leave a staggering 400,000 households in

need of shelter. About 40,000 buildings would be

uninhabitable or su�er total collapse through

“pancake type failure”. Another 300,000 more would

have moderate to severe damages. The direct

monetary losses due to building damage alone would

add up to US$ 11 billion.

Tehran: The North Tehran and Mosha faults

situated towards the northern side of Greater

Tehran and the Ray Fault on the southern limits of

the city have the potential to generate Mw= 7.2 and

6.7 respectively. This, according to the earthquake

scenarios developed under the JICA-CEST, 1999-

2000, could produce a death toll of 120,000 to

380,000 if either of the two faults were to move,

because of the vulnerability of existing structures.

Mumbai: Several studies suggest that one of the

most vulnerable elements exposed in Mumbai is

its building stock, which certainly contributes to

the increasing risk of its population. The Mumbai

region is entirely urban and the building stock

exhibits a rich mix of several di�erent technologies.

A moderately low earthquake intensity level of VII

(MSK scale) in the city could produce a death toll of

34,000 if it was to happen early in the morning. The

�ood risk is high.

Kathmandu City: A large in�ux of migrants has

increased pressure on the local authorities to

provide housing and basic services. The old part of

town is particularly vulnerable due to: a) poor living

conditions in high density neighbourhoods,

b) poor capacity of the buildings to withstand

seismic forces, c) narrow roadways that limit access

in an emergency response, and d) limited water

provision along with intricate electrical installations

where �res can easily take hold9.

In small urban centres

Many people in Africa, Asia and Latin America live

in tens of thousands of small urban centres and in

hundreds of thousands of large villages that have

several thousand inhabitants and that might

also be considered as small urban centres. The

extent to which their populations face disaster

needs consideration – especially given the over-

concentration in the literature on large cities or

mega-cities. Far more people live in small urban

centres in low- and middle-income nations than

in mega-cities.

Some of Turkey’s biggest builders have readily

admitted to using shoddy materials and bad

practices in the urban construction boom. In an

interview in 2009 with the Turkish publication

Referans, a billionaire Turkish developer described

how in the 1970s, salty sea sand and scrap

iron were routinely used in buildings made of

reinforced concrete. ‘‘At that time, this was the

best material,’’ he said, according to a translation

of the interview. ‘‘Not just us, but all companies

were doing the same thing. If an earthquake

occurs in Istanbul, not even the army will be able

to get in.’’

Source: In megacities, ‘rubble in waiting’; Millions

are put at risk by �imsy housing built in populous

quake zones, by Andrew C Revkin, International

Herald Tribune, 26 February 2010.

Not only are cities

home to over three

billion people, but

they are the economic

engines of our

societies and account

for most nations’

wealth. In fact, most

of the global GDP

of US$ 39.4 trillion

(2007 �gure, in

constant 2000 US$)

is generated in urban

environments. 10

9 Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (2010), Megacities Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Base (MDRM-KB), http://www.pdc.org/emi/emihome.html.

10 Development Data Platform (DDP) (2008), Population data: UN Population Division, Development Data Group World Population Prospects, 2006.

Revision, World Bank, Washington D.C.

Facts and Figures photo ville

photo petite ville

Eight of the ten most populous cities in the

world are threatened by earthquakes, and six

out of ten are vulnerable to storm surge and

tsunami waves2.

cuote bidonville

Each year 25 million more people

are living in slums and informal

settlements which are often built

on unsafe land, unstable slopes

and flood plains.UNHABITAT, 2010 State of the World’s Cities report.


your city resilient

to disasters

Slums in Colombia


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe

Svake godine, dodatnih 25 milijuna ljudi naseljava se u sirotinjskim četvrtima i bespravno izgrađenim naseljima koja su često građena na nesigurnom tlu, nestabilnim padinama i plavnim ravnicama. UN-HABITAT, Izviješće o stanju svjetskih gradova 2010.

Slums in Colombia


What is a city? To an economist, a city is

an engine for economic growth, a haphazard

arrangement of physical assets and potential

rewards. To a politician or a planner, a city is a place

of connections: a network of roads, electrical cables,

piped water and drains. To the urban workforce, and

the migrants attracted to the city, it o�ers shelter,

safety and a source of livelihood. To property owners,

developers and planners, a city is its housing, its stock

of physical assets. To someone who lives in a city –

and that includes all of the above and many more

- a city is a physical and cultural arena, a place of

political freedom, a source of cultural and intellectual

vitality. And all of this is at risk from a storm surge,

a cyclone, a catastrophic volcanic eruption, or a set

of powerful earthquake waves racing through the

bedrock at 7,000 kilometres an hour.

Resilience means the ability of a system,

community or society exposed to hazards to resist,

absorb, accommodate to and recover from the

e�ects of a hazard in a timely and e�cient manner,

including through the preservation and restoration

of its essential basic structures and functions11.

Sustainable urbanization is understood

as a process which promotes an integrated,

gender-sensitive and pro-poor approach to the

social, economic and environmental pillars of

sustainability. It is based on participatory planning

and decision making processes, and inclusive

governance. More speci�cally, the principles of

sustainable urbanization involve12:

(i) Accessible and pro-poor land, infrastructure, services,

mobility and housing;

(ii) Socially inclusive, gender sensitive, healthy and safe

development;

(iii) Environmentally sound and carbon-e�cient built

environment;

(iv) Participatory planning and decision making processes;

(v) Vibrant and competitive local economies promoting

decent work and livelihoods;

(vi) Assurance of non-discrimination and equitable rights

to the city; and

(vii) Empowering cities and communities to plan for

and e�ectively manage adversity and change- to build

resilience. (UN-HABITAT World Urban Campaign, 2009)

The second session of the Global Platform for

Disaster Risk Reduction in June 2009 highlighted

targets for the implementation of the Hyogo

Framework for Action. By 2011 national

assessments of the safety of existing education

and health facilities should be undertaken, and by

2015 concrete action plans for safer schools and

hospitals should be developed and implemented

in all disaster-prone countries. By 2015, all major

cities in disaster-prone areas should include and

enforce disaster risk reduction measures in their

building and land use codes. Targets were also

proposed for national risk assessments, municipal

disaster recovery plans, early warning systems,

water risks, and the enforcement of building

codes.

There are a number of actions that local governments, citizens and the private sector can undertake to

make a city more resilient. Natural hazards will always occur in di�erent magnitude and severity, but

they do not need to turn into devastation. Is your city ready?

A disaster resilient city:

�� Is one where people participate, decide and plan their city together with the local

government authorities, based on their capacities and resources

�� Has a competent and accountable local government that caters for sustainable

urbanization with participation from all groups

�� Is one where many disasters are avoided because the whole population lives in homes and

neighborhoods served by good infrastructure (piped water, good sanitation and drainage,

all-weather roads, electricity) and services (health care, schools, garbage collection,

emergency services), in structures that meet sensible building codes, without the need for

informal settlements on flood plains or steep slopes because no other land is available

�� Understands its dangers, and develops a strong, local information base on hazards and

risks, on who is exposed and who is vulnerable

�� Has taken steps to anticipate disaster and protect assets – people, their homes and

possessions, cultural heritage, economic capital – and is able to minimize physical and

social losses arising from extreme weather events, earthquakes or other hazards

�� Has committed the necessary resources and is capable of organizing itself before, during

and after a natural hazard event

�� Is able to quickly restore basic services as well as resume social, institutional and economic

activity after such an event

�� Understands that most of the above is also central to building resilience to climate

change.

��

��

The cost of a disaster-

safe hospital or health

facility is negligible

when included in early

design considerations.

For the vast majority

of new health

facilities, incorporating

comprehensive

disaster protection

from earthquake and

weather events into

designs from the

beginning will add

only 4% to the total

cost13

11 United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2009), UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR, Geneva.

12 UN-HABITAT (2009) World Urban Campaign

13 WHO, PAHO, UNISDR (2008), 2008-2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign ‘Hospitals Safe from Disasters’. www.safehospitals.info.

Some definitions

What is a Disaster Resilient City?

Haiti, Earthquake 2010


Što je grad otporan na katastrofe?Neke definicijePostoji niz aktivnosti koje mogu poduzeti lokalne vlasti, građani i privatni sektor kako bi učinili grad otpornijim na katastrofe. Prirodne opasnosti će uvijek biti prisutne, uz varijacije njihovog opsega i ozbiljnosti, ali ne moraju postati razarajuće. Da li je vaš grad pripravan?

Grad otporan na katastrofe:

• je onaj u kojem ljudi sudjeluju, odlučuju i planiraju zajedno s lokalnim vlastima, na temelju svojih kapaciteta i resursa,

• ima kompetentne i odgovorne lokalne vlasti koje mogu osigurati održivu urbanizaciju uz sudjelovanje svih skupina,

• je grad koji može izbjeći katastrofu, jer njegovo stanovništvo živi u kućama i kvartovima s dobrom infrastrukturom (vodoopskrba, dobra sanacija i kanalizacijski sustav, ceste prilagođene svim vremenskim uvjetima, struja) gdje se pružaju kvalitetne usluge (zdravstvo, školstvo, odvoz smeća, hitne službe), u zgradama koje zadovoljavaju osnovne standarde i pravila gradnje, bez potrebe za bespravnom gradnjom naselja na plavnim ravnicama ili strmim padinama jer nema drugog raspoloživog prostora,

• razumije opasnosti kojima je izložen, i razvija kvalitetnu lokalnu bazu informacija o opasnosti-ma i rizicima, te o ugroženim i ranjivim skupinama,

• poduzima korake kako bi se predvidjela katastrofa i zaštitila imovina - ljudi, njihovi domovi i imetak, kulturna zaostavština, ekonomski kapital – te je u mogućnosti minimizirati fizičke i društvene gubitke od ekstremnih klimatskih događaja, potresa ili drugih opasnosti,

• odvaja potrebne resurse i sposoban je organizirati se prije, za vrijeme i nakon prirodne nepo-gode,

• u mogućnosti je brzo uspostaviti osnovne usluge, kao i nastavak društvenih, institucionalnih i ekonomskih djelatnosti nakon takvog događaja,

• razumije da je većina gore navedenog ključna u izgradnji otpornosti grada na klimatske promjene.

• razumije da je većina gore navedenog ključna u izgradnji otpornosti grada na klimatske promjene.

Važan čimbenik u uspješnom smanjenju rizika od katastrofa u gradskim sredinama je odnos između gradskih vlasti i onih, u okviru nadležnosti vlasti, koji su izloženi najvišem riziku.


What is a city? To an economist, a city is

an engine for economic growth, a haphazard

arrangement of physical assets and potential

rewards. To a politician or a planner, a city is a place

of connections: a network of roads, electrical cables,

piped water and drains. To the urban workforce, and

the migrants attracted to the city, it o�ers shelter,

safety and a source of livelihood. To property owners,

developers and planners, a city is its housing, its stock

of physical assets. To someone who lives in a city –

and that includes all of the above and many more

- a city is a physical and cultural arena, a place of

political freedom, a source of cultural and intellectual

vitality. And all of this is at risk from a storm surge,

a cyclone, a catastrophic volcanic eruption, or a set

of powerful earthquake waves racing through the

bedrock at 7,000 kilometres an hour.

Resilience means the ability of a system,

community or society exposed to hazards to resist,

absorb, accommodate to and recover from the

e�ects of a hazard in a timely and e�cient manner,

including through the preservation and restoration

of its essential basic structures and functions11.

Sustainable urbanization is understood

as a process which promotes an integrated,

gender-sensitive and pro-poor approach to the

social, economic and environmental pillars of

sustainability. It is based on participatory planning

and decision making processes, and inclusive

governance. More speci�cally, the principles of

sustainable urbanization involve12:

(i) Accessible and pro-poor land, infrastructure, services,

mobility and housing;

(ii) Socially inclusive, gender sensitive, healthy and safe

development;

(iii) Environmentally sound and carbon-e�cient built

environment;

(iv) Participatory planning and decision making processes;

(v) Vibrant and competitive local economies promoting

decent work and livelihoods;

(vi) Assurance of non-discrimination and equitable rights

to the city; and

(vii) Empowering cities and communities to plan for

and e�ectively manage adversity and change- to build

resilience. (UN-HABITAT World Urban Campaign, 2009)

The second session of the Global Platform for

Disaster Risk Reduction in June 2009 highlighted

targets for the implementation of the Hyogo

Framework for Action. By 2011 national

assessments of the safety of existing education

and health facilities should be undertaken, and by

2015 concrete action plans for safer schools and

hospitals should be developed and implemented

in all disaster-prone countries. By 2015, all major

cities in disaster-prone areas should include and

enforce disaster risk reduction measures in their

building and land use codes. Targets were also

proposed for national risk assessments, municipal

disaster recovery plans, early warning systems,

water risks, and the enforcement of building

codes.

There are a number of actions that local governments, citizens and the private sector can undertake to

make a city more resilient. Natural hazards will always occur in di�erent magnitude and severity, but

they do not need to turn into devastation. Is your city ready?

A disaster resilient city:

�� Is one where people participate, decide and plan their city together with the local

government authorities, based on their capacities and resources

�� Has a competent and accountable local government that caters for sustainable

urbanization with participation from all groups

�� Is one where many disasters are avoided because the whole population lives in homes and

neighborhoods served by good infrastructure (piped water, good sanitation and drainage,

all-weather roads, electricity) and services (health care, schools, garbage collection,

emergency services), in structures that meet sensible building codes, without the need for

informal settlements on flood plains or steep slopes because no other land is available

�� Understands its dangers, and develops a strong, local information base on hazards and

risks, on who is exposed and who is vulnerable

�� Has taken steps to anticipate disaster and protect assets – people, their homes and

possessions, cultural heritage, economic capital – and is able to minimize physical and

social losses arising from extreme weather events, earthquakes or other hazards

�� Has committed the necessary resources and is capable of organizing itself before, during

and after a natural hazard event

�� Is able to quickly restore basic services as well as resume social, institutional and economic

activity after such an event

�� Understands that most of the above is also central to building resilience to climate

change.

��

��

The cost of a disaster-

safe hospital or health

facility is negligible

when included in early

design considerations.

For the vast majority

of new health

facilities, incorporating

comprehensive

disaster protection

from earthquake and

weather events into

designs from the

beginning will add

only 4% to the total

cost13

11 United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2009), UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR, Geneva.

12 UN-HABITAT (2009) World Urban Campaign

13 WHO, PAHO, UNISDR (2008), 2008-2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign ‘Hospitals Safe from Disasters’. www.safehospitals.info.

Some definitions

What is a Disaster Resilient City?

Haiti, Earthquake 2010

Troškovi bol-nica ili zdravstvenih

objekata koji su otporni na katastrofe

su zanemarivi ako su takvi troškovi

predviđeni u ranoj fazi projektovanja. Za većinu novih zdravs-

tvenih objekata, u čije je projektiranje odmah na početku

uključena i sveobuh-vatna zaštita od

katastrofa: potresa i drugih vremenskih nepogoda, troškovi

za takvu zaštitu su iznosili tek 4% više od

ukupne cijene9.

Što je grad? Za ekonomistu, grad je mo-torna snaga ekonomskog rasta, nasumično raspoređena fizička imovina i potencijalni povrat. Za političara ili projektanta, grad je mjesto povezivanja: mreže cesta, električnih kablova, vodovodnih cijevi i i kanalizacije. Za gradsku radnu snagu i migrante koji dolaze u grad, on nudi sklonište, sigurnost i izvor sredstava za život. Za vlasnike nekretnina, osobe odgovorne za razvoj gradova i urbaniste, grad predstavljaju njegove građevine, njegova fizička imovina. Za nekoga tko živi u gradu, grad predstavlja sve navedeno i još mnogo više - grad je fizička i kulturna arena, mjesto političkih sloboda, izvor kulturne i intelektualne vitalnosti. A sve je to pod rizikom od olujnog vala, ciklona, katastrofalne vulkanske erupcije, ili snažnih potresnih valova čija brzina kretanja kroz stjenovito tlo može biti i 7.000 km na sat.

Otpornost znači sposobnost sustava, zajed-nice ili društva izloženog opasnosti da se odu-pre, apsorbira, prilagodi i oporavi od posljedica opasnosti, i to pravovremeno i na djelotvoran način, uključujući očuvanje i restauraciju nje-govih osnovnih struktura i funkcija10.

Održiva urbanizacija predstavlja proces koji promovira integrirani pristup, a koji uvažava ravnopravnost spolova i štiti interese siromašnih, pomoću društvenih, ekonomskih i ekoloških stubova održivosti. Temelji se na participativnom planiranju i procesima donošenja odluka, te inkluzivnom upravljanju. Konkretnije, principi održive urbanizacije uključuju sljedeće11:

I zemljište dostupno i siromašnima, infrastrukturu, usluge, mobilnost i stambeni prostor,

II gradski razvoj koji je društveno inkluzivan, koji osigurava ravnopravnost spolova, zdravlje i sigurnost,

III ekološki zdravo i energetski efikasno okruženje izgrađeno na temelju mjera smanjenja emisije ugljika,

IV participativne procese planiranja i donošenja odluka,

V vibrantne i konkurentne lokalne ekonomije koje promoviraju pošten rad i egzistenciju,

VI zajamčenu nediskriminaciju i jednaka prava na grad i

VII osnaživanje gradova i zajednica za planiranje i efektivno upravljanje katastrofama i prom-jenama, kako bi izgradili otpornost (UN-HABITAT Svijetska urbana kampanja, 2009.).

9 WHO, PAHO, UNISDR (2008) 2008 – 2009. Svjetska kampanja smanjenja katastrofa „Bolnice sigurne od katastrofa“, www.safehospitals.info. 10 Međunarodna strategija Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa (UNISDR, 2009.), UNISDR terminologija smanjenja rizika od katastrofa, UNISDR, Ženeva.11 UN-HABITAT (2009.) Svjetska urbana kampanja.

Na drugom zasijedanju Globalne platforme za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa u lipnju 2009. godine, istaknuti su ciljevi za provedbu Hyogo Okvira za djelovanje. Do 2011. godine, trebaju se učiniti državne procjene sigurnosti postojećih zdravstvenih i objekata za nao-brazbu, a do 2015. godine konkretni akcijski planovi za sigurnije škole i bolnice trebaju biti razvijeni i provedeni u svim zemljama izloženim riziku od katastrofa. Do 2015. godine, svi veliki gradovi u područjima izloženim riziku od katastrofa trebaju se uključiti i početi prim-jenjivati mjere za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa kroz svoje propise o gradnji i prostornom planiranju. Predloženi ciljevi uključivali su i nacionalne procjene rizika, općinske planove oporavka i sanacije nakon katastrofa, sustave ranog upozoravanja i primjenu propisa o gradnji.

Haity, potres 2010.


Urban risk reduction as an opportunity – what are the benefits?

Cities that proactively seek to reduce disaster risk, as part of their sustainable urbanization e�orts,

can bene�t greatly in the following ways: saved lives and property in case of disaster with dramatic

reduction in fatalities and serious injuries

�� Protected development gains and less diversion of city resources to disaster response and

recovery

�� Active citizen participation and local democracy

�� Increased investment in houses, buildings and other properties, in anticipation of fewer

disaster losses

�� Increased capital investments in infrastructure, including retrofitting, renovation and renewal

�� Business opportunities, economic growth and employment as safer, better-governed cities

attract more investment

�� Balanced ecosystems, which foster provisioning and cultural ecosystem services such as

fresh water and recreation

�� Overall better health and wellbeing

�� Improved education in safer schools.

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters

The Hyogo Framework for Action was adopted by 168 Member States in Japan in 2005 to build the

resilience of nations and communities by the year 2015. The �ve priorities are equally important for

urban settings:

Make disaster risk reduction a priority in urban practices

Know urban risks and take actions

Build understanding and awareness of urban risks

Reduce urban risks

Prepare your city and be ready to act

www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/

TEN-POINT CHECKLIST – ESSENTIALS FOR MAKING CITIES RESILIENTThe campaign proposes a checklist of Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient that can be

implemented by mayors and local governments. The checklist derives from the five priorities

of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities

to Disasters, a key instrument for implementing disaster risk reduction. Achieving all, or even

some, of these ten essentials will help cities to become more resilient. Have your City Council

and local government sign up to this!

Put in place organization and coordination to understand and reduce disaster risk, based

on participation of citizen groups and civil society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all

departments understand their role in disaster risk reduction and preparedness.

Assign a budget for disaster risk reduction and provide incentives for homeowners, low-income

families, communities, businesses and the public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face.

Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use

these as the basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and

the plans for your city’s resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with

them.

Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk, such as flood drainage, adjusted

where needed to cope with climate change.

Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities and upgrade them as necessary.

Apply and enforce realistic, risk-compliant building regulations and land-use planning

principles. Identify safe land for low-income citizens and develop upgrading of informal

settlements, wherever feasible.

Ensure that education programmes and training on disaster risk reduction are in place in

schools and local communities.

Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges and other hazards to

which your city may be vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk reduction

practices.

Install early warning systems and emergency management capacities in your city and hold

regular public preparedness drills.

After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the survivors are placed at the

centre of reconstruction with support for them and their community

organizations to design and help implement responses, including

rebuilding homes and livelihoods. Sign up today to make

your city resilient

to disasters


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe


SPISAK: DESET OSNOVA ZA GRAD OTPORAN NA KATASTROFEKampanja predlaže spisak od Deset osnova za grad otporan na katastrofe, koje mogu provesti gradonačelnici i lokalne uprave. Ovaj spisak nastao je iz pet prioriteta Hyogo okvira za djelo-vanje 2005-2015.: Izgradnja otpornosti država i zajednica na katastrofe, ključnog instrumenta za provedbu smanjenja rizika od katastrofa. Postizanje svih, ili čak nekih od deset osnova, pomoći će gradovima da postanu otporniji. Neka se prijave i vaše Gradsko vijeće i lokalna uprava!

Uspostaviti organizaciju i koordinaciju, kako bi se smanjio rizik od katastrofa, utemeljenu na sudjelo-vanju građanskih skupina i civilnog društva. Graditi lokalne saveze. Osigurati da svi nadležni organi razumiju svoju ulogu u smanjenju rizika od katastrofa i stvaranju pripravnosti na ove rizike.

Odrediti proračun za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa i pružiti poticaj vlasnicima kuća, obiteljima s niskim dohotkom, zajednicama, poduzećima i javnom sektoru da investiraju u smanjenje rizika s kojim se suočavaju.

Održavati ažurirane podatke o opasnosti i izloženosti, pripremiti procjenu rizika i koristiti je kao temelj za urbanističke planove i odluke. Osigurati dostupnost ovih informacija i planova javnosti, te omogućiti javnosti da raspravlja o njima.

Investirati u, i održavati, kritičnu infrastrukturu koja smanjuje rizik, kao što je kanalizacijski sustav u slučaju bujica, a koja je po potrebi prilagođena kako bi se nosila s klimatskim promjenama.

Procijeniti sigurnost svih škola i zdravstvenih ustanova, poboljšati ih i nadograditi prema potrebi.

Primijeniti i provoditi realne, s rizikom usklađene propise o gradnji i načela prostornog planiranja. Identificirati siguran prostor za građane s niskim dohotkom i razviti sustav poboljšanja i nadogradnje bespravno izgrađenih naselja, gdje god je to moguće.

Osigurati da škole i lokalne zajednice usvoje programe za naobrazbu i programe obuka o smanjenju rizika od katastrofa.

Zaštititi ekosustave i prirodne barijere za ublažavanje bujica, olujnih udara i drugih opasnosti kojima vaš grad može biti izložen. Prilagoditi se klimatskim promjenama, oslanjajući se na dobre prakse smanjenja rizika.

Uvesti sustav ranog upozoravanja i kapacitete upravljanja kriznim situacijama u vašem gradu, te održavati redovne javne vježbe pripravnosti.

Nakon bilo koje katastrofe, osigurati da su potrebe preživjelih, te centri aktivnosti obnovljeni i rekon-struirani, kroz pružanje potpore njima i njihovim zajednicama u osmišljavanju i provedbi mehanizama rekonstrukcije, uključujući obnovu domova i sredstava za život.


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe


Urban risk reduction as an opportunity – what are the benefits?

Cities that proactively seek to reduce disaster risk, as part of their sustainable urbanization e�orts,

can bene�t greatly in the following ways: saved lives and property in case of disaster with dramatic

reduction in fatalities and serious injuries

�� Protected development gains and less diversion of city resources to disaster response and

recovery

�� Active citizen participation and local democracy

�� Increased investment in houses, buildings and other properties, in anticipation of fewer

disaster losses

�� Increased capital investments in infrastructure, including retrofitting, renovation and renewal

�� Business opportunities, economic growth and employment as safer, better-governed cities

attract more investment

�� Balanced ecosystems, which foster provisioning and cultural ecosystem services such as

fresh water and recreation

�� Overall better health and wellbeing

�� Improved education in safer schools.

The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters

The Hyogo Framework for Action was adopted by 168 Member States in Japan in 2005 to build the

resilience of nations and communities by the year 2015. The �ve priorities are equally important for

urban settings:

Make disaster risk reduction a priority in urban practices

Know urban risks and take actions

Build understanding and awareness of urban risks

Reduce urban risks

Prepare your city and be ready to act


TEN-POINT CHECKLIST – ESSENTIALS FOR MAKING CITIES RESILIENTThe campaign proposes a checklist of Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient that can be

implemented by mayors and local governments. The checklist derives from the five priorities

of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities

to Disasters, a key instrument for implementing disaster risk reduction. Achieving all, or even

some, of these ten essentials will help cities to become more resilient. Have your City Council

and local government sign up to this!

Put in place organization and coordination to understand and reduce disaster risk, based

on participation of citizen groups and civil society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all

departments understand their role in disaster risk reduction and preparedness.

Assign a budget for disaster risk reduction and provide incentives for homeowners, low-income

families, communities, businesses and the public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face.

Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use

these as the basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and

the plans for your city’s resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with

them.

Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk, such as flood drainage, adjusted

where needed to cope with climate change.

Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities and upgrade them as necessary.

Apply and enforce realistic, risk-compliant building regulations and land-use planning

principles. Identify safe land for low-income citizens and develop upgrading of informal

settlements, wherever feasible.

Ensure that education programmes and training on disaster risk reduction are in place in

schools and local communities.

Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges and other hazards to

which your city may be vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk reduction

practices.

Install early warning systems and emergency management capacities in your city and hold

regular public preparedness drills.

After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the survivors are placed at the

centre of reconstruction with support for them and their community

organizations to design and help implement responses, including

rebuilding homes and livelihoods. Sign up today to make

your city resilient

to disasters

Smanjenje rizika u gradovima kao prilika - Koje su prednosti?

Gradovi koji proaktivno nastoje smanjiti rizik od katastrofa, kroz aktivnosti održive urbanizacije, mogu imati veliku korist na sljedeće načine: spašeni životi i imovina u slučaju katastrofe uz dramatično smanjenje broja smrtnih slučajeva i teških povreda.

• Zaštićeni razvojni dobici i manja potreba za preusmjeravanjem gradskih resursa kao odgovor na katastrofe i oporavak.

• Aktivno sudjelovanje građana i lokalna demokracija

• Povećana ulaganja u kuće, zgrade i ostalu nepokretnu imovinu, uslijed nižih predviđenih gubitaka u slučaju katastrofa.

• Povećana kapitalna ulaganja u infrastrukturu, uključujući i rekonstrukciju, adaptaciju i obnovu.

• Poslovne prilike, ekonomski rast i zapošljavanje, jer sigurniji i dobro vođeni gradovi privlače više investicija.

• Uravnoteženi ekosustavi, koji poboljšavaju opskrbu i kulturološke usluge ekosustava poput svježe vode i rekreacije.

• Općenito bolje zdravlje i dobrobit za građane.

• Poboljšana naobrazba u sigurnijim školama.

Hyogo okvir za djelovanje 2005-2015.: Izgradnja otpornosti država i zajed-nica na katastrofe

Hyogo okvir za djelovanje usvojilo je 168 država članica u Japanu u 2005. godini, kako bi se izgradila otpornost država i zajednica do 2015. godine. Pet prioriteta jednako su važni za gradske sredine:

- Osigurati da je smanjenje rizika od katastrofa državni i lokalni

prioritet,

- poznavati rizike u urbanim sredinama i poduzeti aktivnosti,

- izgraditi razumijevanje i svijest o rizicima u urbanim sredinama,

- smanjiti temeljne čimbenike rizika u urbanim sredinama i

- pripremiti svoj grad i biti pripravan na djelovanje.



The vision of the campaign is to achieve resilient,

sustainable urban communities.

The campaign will urge local governments to take

action now to reduce cities’ risks to disasters.

The objectives of the Making Cities Resilient

Campaign are threefold, and can be achieved

through building long-lasting partnerships:

Know more

Raise the awareness of citizens and governments

at all levels of the bene�ts of reducing urban risks

Invest wisely

Identify budget allocations within local

government funding plans to invest in disaster

risk reduction activities

Build more safely

Include disaster risk reduction in participatory

urban development planning processes and

protect critical infrastructure

“My City is getting ready” is a rallying call for

all mayors and local governments to make as

many cities as possible as resilient as possible. It

is also a call for local community groups, citizens,

planners, academia and the private sector to join

these e�orts.

While the campaign addresses citizens – those

who live in urban areas and who elect the

decision makers who can take the necessary steps

to make their cities safer – the campaign’s principal

target groups are mayors and local governments

of cities of di�erent sizes, characteristics, locations

and risk pro�les. Mayors and local governments

are the agencies who can take action and make

our cities safer. Mobilizing these important actors

in the disaster risk reduction process is essential to

making cities resilient.

The campaign slogan has meaning for everyone.

Whatever the city, the message to reduce risk will

resonate with all citizens worldwide. For example,

Sao Paulo is Getting Ready! Kobe is Getting

Ready! Istanbul is Getting Ready! Santa Tecla is

getting ready!


In this campaign,

the term ‘city’

refers to urban

areas in general,

encompassing the

responsibility of

‘local governments’

of di�erent

scales, whether

regional, provincial,

metropolitan,

townships or

villages.

The aim is to

get 100 mayors

to commit to at

least one of the

Ten Essentials

for Making Cities

Resilient by 2011;

and to involve

hundreds of

participating local

governments and

as many citizens as

possible to pledge

to join the hospital

and school safety

initiative.


Sign up to the One Million Safe Schools and

Hospitals Initiative

People in unsafe schools, hospitals and health

facilities are at the greatest risk when a disaster

strikes. We can improve the safety of schools,

hospitals and health facilities to address the

increasing risk due to climate change and other

disasters - natural and man-made.

The One Million Safe Schools and

Hospitals Initiative of the campaign encourages

everyone to make a pledge for a school or

hospital and to make them safer now. Anyone

can make a pledge. Everyone can contribute.

Be an advocate, a leader or a champion for safe

schools and hospitals.

http://www.safe-schools-hospitals.net


your city resilient

to disasters

“ In recent years, cities around the

world are being faced with threats such

as large-scale disasters and diseases

including in�uenza, and we are

constantly living side-by-side with the

risk of various perils. In the midst of such

circumstances, I believe that cities must

not only dedicate themselves to their

own crisis management endeavors,

but also enhance collaboration with

neighboring cities, countries and

regions to create a system in which

they can help each other in times of

need. Utilizing its broad network,

CITYNET is already promoting city-

to-city cooperation on the theme

of “Disaster Prevention”. Let us work

together to further deepen our city-to-

city partnerships and aim for a “World

Resilient to Disasters”.

Fumiko Hayashi

President of CITYNET / Mayor of

Yokohama


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe

“Moj grad se priprema” je poziv na okupljanje svim gradonačelnicima i lokalnim vladama da bi se što više gradova učinilo što otpornijima. To je, također, i poziv lokalnim zajednicama, građanima, urbanistima, akademskim zajed-nicama i privatnom sektoru da se pridruže ovim aktivnostima.

Iako se kampanja obraća građanima – onima koji žive u urbanim sredinama i biraju donositelje odluka koji mogu preduzeti potrebne korake kako bi njihovi gradovi bili sigurniji – glavna ciljna grupa kampanje su gradonačelnici i lokalne vlasti gradova različitih veličina, obilježja, lokacija i vrste rizika.

Gradonačelnici i lokalne vlasti su oni koji mogu preduzeti aktivnosti i učiniti naše gradove sigurnijima. Mobiliziranje tih važnih aktera u procesima smanjenja rizika od katastrofa je ključno za stvaranje gradova otpornih na katastrofe.

Slogan kampanje osmišljen je za sve. Bez obzi-ra o kojem gradu se radi, poruka o smanjenju rizika će odjeknuti među svim građanima širom svijeta. Na primjer, Sao Paulo se priprema! Kobe se priprema! Istanbul se priprema! Santa Tecla se priprema!

Pridružite se inicijativi za milion sigurnijih škola i bolnica

Ljudi u školama, bolnicama i zdravstvenim ustanovama koje nisu sigurne, su pod najvećim rizikom kada se desi katastrofa. Možemo poboljšati sigurnost u školama, bolnicama i zdravstvenim ustanovama i na taj način se suprotstaviti rastućem riziku klimatskih prom-jena i ostalih katastrofa – onih prirodnih i onih nastalih djelovanjem čovjeka. Inicijativa za milijun sigurnijih škola i bolnica potiče svakoga da dâ svoj doprinos za školu, ili bolnicu kako bi ih učinili sigurnijima. Svi mogu dati svoj doprinos. Postanite zagovornik, ili predvodnik u aktivnostima za sigurne škole i bolnice.http://www.safe-schools-hospitals.net.


Kampanja: Učiniti gradove otpornimaGlavni ciljevi kampanje

Vizija kampanje je stvoriti otporne, održive urbane zajednice.

Kampanja će pozvati lokalne vlade da odmah preduzmu aktivnosti kako bi se smanjio rizik od katastrofa u gradovima.Ciljevi kampanje izgradnje otpornih gradova su trostruki, a mogu se postići kroz izgradnju dugotrajnih partnerstava:

Znati višePodići svijest građana i vlasti na svim razinama o koristima smanjenja rizika u urbanim sredi-nama.

Investirati mudroIdentificirati proračunska sredstva kroz planove financiranja lokalne vlade, kako bi se investiralo u aktivnosti za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa.

Graditi sigurnijeUključiti čimbenik smanjenja rizika od katastro-fa u participativne procese urbanističkog planiranja i zaštiti kritičnu infrastrukturu.

U ovoj kampanji, pojam ‘grad’ odnosi

se općenito na urbana područja,

te obuhvaća odgo-vornost ‘lokalne

uprave’ svih razina, bilo da se radi o upravi regije,

pokrajine, grada, manjeg mjesta,

ili sela. Cilj je da se 100

gradonačelnika obveže na bar

jednu od deset os-novica za grad ot-

poran na katastrofe do 2015. godine;

te da se stotine lokalnih vlada sudi-onica i što veći broj građana obveže na pridruživanje Inici-

jativi za sigurnost škola i bolnica.


The vision of the campaign is to achieve resilient,

sustainable urban communities.

The campaign will urge local governments to take

action now to reduce cities’ risks to disasters.

The objectives of the Making Cities Resilient

Campaign are threefold, and can be achieved

through building long-lasting partnerships:

Know more

Raise the awareness of citizens and governments

at all levels of the bene�ts of reducing urban risks

Invest wisely

Identify budget allocations within local

government funding plans to invest in disaster

risk reduction activities

Build more safely

Include disaster risk reduction in participatory

urban development planning processes and

protect critical infrastructure

“My City is getting ready” is a rallying call for

all mayors and local governments to make as

many cities as possible as resilient as possible. It

is also a call for local community groups, citizens,

planners, academia and the private sector to join

these e�orts.

While the campaign addresses citizens – those

who live in urban areas and who elect the

decision makers who can take the necessary steps

to make their cities safer – the campaign’s principal

target groups are mayors and local governments

of cities of di�erent sizes, characteristics, locations

and risk pro�les. Mayors and local governments

are the agencies who can take action and make

our cities safer. Mobilizing these important actors

in the disaster risk reduction process is essential to

making cities resilient.

The campaign slogan has meaning for everyone.

Whatever the city, the message to reduce risk will

resonate with all citizens worldwide. For example,

Sao Paulo is Getting Ready! Kobe is Getting

Ready! Istanbul is Getting Ready! Santa Tecla is

getting ready!


In this campaign,

the term ‘city’

refers to urban

areas in general,

encompassing the

responsibility of

‘local governments’

of di�erent

scales, whether

regional, provincial,

metropolitan,

townships or

villages.

The aim is to

get 100 mayors

to commit to at

least one of the

Ten Essentials

for Making Cities

Resilient by 2011;

and to involve

hundreds of

participating local

governments and

as many citizens as

possible to pledge

to join the hospital

and school safety

initiative.


Sign up to the One Million Safe Schools and

Hospitals Initiative

People in unsafe schools, hospitals and health

facilities are at the greatest risk when a disaster

strikes. We can improve the safety of schools,

hospitals and health facilities to address the

increasing risk due to climate change and other

disasters - natural and man-made.

The One Million Safe Schools and

Hospitals Initiative of the campaign encourages

everyone to make a pledge for a school or

hospital and to make them safer now. Anyone

can make a pledge. Everyone can contribute.

Be an advocate, a leader or a champion for safe

schools and hospitals.

http://www.safe-schools-hospitals.net


your city resilient

to disasters

“ In recent years, cities around the

world are being faced with threats such

as large-scale disasters and diseases

including in�uenza, and we are

constantly living side-by-side with the

risk of various perils. In the midst of such

circumstances, I believe that cities must

not only dedicate themselves to their

own crisis management endeavors,

but also enhance collaboration with

neighboring cities, countries and

regions to create a system in which

they can help each other in times of

need. Utilizing its broad network,

CITYNET is already promoting city-

to-city cooperation on the theme

of “Disaster Prevention”. Let us work

together to further deepen our city-to-

city partnerships and aim for a “World

Resilient to Disasters”.

Fumiko Hayashi

President of CITYNET / Mayor of

Yokohama

“U posljednjih nekoliko godina, gradovi diljem svijeta se suočavaju s prijet-njama kao što su velike katastrofe i bolesti, uključujući gripu, a mi kon-stantno živimo rame uz rame s rizikom od različitih opasnosti. Pod takvim okolnostima, smatram da se gradovi moraju posvetiti, ne samo vlastitim nastojanjima za upravljanje kriznim situacijama, već i poboljšanju nje sa susjednim gradovima, državama i regijama, kako bi se uspostavio sustav kroz koji oni mogu pružiti pomoć jedni drugima u slučaju potrebe. Koristeći svoju razgranatu mrežu, CITYNET već radi na promoviranju suradnje među gradovima na temu „prevencija katastrofe”. Radimo zajedno kako bismo učvrstili partnerstvo naših gradova ka cilju za „Svijet otporan na katastrofe“.

Fumiko Hayashipredsjednik CITYNET-a / gradonačelnikYokohame


The secretariat of the United Nations

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

(UNISDR) is the coordinator of the Making

Cities Resilient Campaign 2010-2011, but its

local, regional and international partners and

participating cities and local governments

are the drivers and owners of the campaign.

A number of committed mayors, other high-

level public figures and “role-model” local

governments will be identified and help

UNISDR and its partners to promote and

implement the campaign.

Central to ISDR’s partnering initiative for the

campaign is the spread of local government

alliances for disaster risk reduction. Active

members of this global alliance will become

campaign promoters in their areas of influence.

They will draw upon one another’s expertise

as well as provide support and give substance

to the advocacy, political and technical

dimensions of the campaign.

Join the alliance as a supporter by sending your

information to: [email protected] or sign up

on the website under www.unisdr.org/campaign.

UN-HABITAT is a key partner in the campaign

along with many other UN organizations, city

associations and organizations, especially the

United Cities for Local Governments, ICLEI

and the City Alliance. NGO networks and

grassroots organizations that participate in the

ISDR system have already signed up. Resilient

Cities platforms or task forces will support the

campaign in the regions.

Furthermore, the Making Cities Resilient Campaign

2010-2011 is linked to UN-HABITAT’s World

Urban Campaign on “Sustainable Urbanization”.

Both campaigns adhere to the same principles,

contributing towards the same long-term

goal of sustainable development. Many of the

communication tools and participating cities will

be the same. The Making Cities Resilient Campaign

objective is to ensure that the important principles

of the Hyogo Framework for Action are integrated

into the local environment. The next step is to turn

words into action.

The Asia Regional Task Force on Urban Risk

Reduction has developed a guideline to implement

the Hyogo Framework locally, to assist local

governments to become resilient. It is already used

by the task force members in capacity building

e�orts with city o�cials. Another planning tool

to support risk reduction will be developed by

the partners in the campaign, led by UN-HABITAT

and UNISDR. Capacity building and training

opportunities will be provided by the participating

partners and cities - and be developed further

during the campaign.

Many other global and regional initiatives will be

highlighted during the two year campaign and

many proven practices of urban risk policies will

be available on line.

To learn more about campaign activities and

partners, visit the website at www.unisdr.org/

campaign

Mayors and local governments hold key positions

in building resilience to disasters within their

communities. Mayors provide leadership for

the well-being of their constituencies. Local

governments deliver essential services such as

health, education, transport and water. They

issue construction permits, manage public works

and plan and control urban development, all

of which provide opportunities to ensure safer

development that can reduce a community’s

vulnerability to disasters.

Local governments devise and create

developments that a�ect millions of people

in cities everywhere. The campaign calls on

mayors and local governments to work with

their constituencies, and include risk-reducing

initiatives in their strategic planning processes, as

a way to get ready for future natural hazards with

con�dence and resilience.

Mayors and local governments can play a role

in helping cities to get ready to meet future

risks. National governments, local community

and professional associations, international,

regional and civil society organizations, donors,

the private sector, academia and all citizens must

also be engaged. All of these stakeholders need

to play their respective roles in building disaster

resilient cities, and local government is critical in

order to achieve success.

“Disaster preparedness and risk

mitigation are key priorities in guiding

good city planning, design, development,

and daily administration. Our cities

need commitment and support from the

national government through policy that

empowers us to undertake the necessary

and decisive actions to prevent and

reduce human and other losses. With

such decentralization allowing for better

integrated urban development, not only

can we create sustainable cities, regions

and countries, but also resilient people.”

Dr. Fauzi Bowo, Governor, Jakarta, Indonesia

“It is sad that yet another city is in a

serious disaster with thousands of lives

lost in Haiti. It convinces me that this

campaign is more urgent than ever

before. I put myself in the shoes of the

local government leaders and it cannot

be anything easy…. All this calls for

a real campaign for safer cities and

building resilience.”

District Chairman Rev. Sam Ebukele L’Kwisk

(Uganda)

Mayors and local governments can reduce risk

in the following ways:

�� Sign up to and work towards the Ten

Essentials checklist, make a public

announcement and share your experience,

good practice and progress with

participants in the campaign and other cities

�� Work closely with your central government

to implement nationally planned

approaches to urban planning, local

development and disaster risk reduction

�� Create local partnerships and alliances with

your citizens and community groups

�� Engage your local and national universities

to provide advice on hazard monitoring and

risk assessment and conduct research on

ways for your city to build resilience

�� Focus on your poor and high-risk

communities and take the campaign goals

and messages to grassroot communities

�� Organize public hearings, discussions, drills

and other awareness raising activities during

the International Day for Disaster Reduction

or on the anniversaries of past disasters.

�� Use the campaign and Ten Essentials for

Making Cities Resilient to address climate

change challenges and your “green agenda”.

About the campaign partners Mayors and local governments – the keys to building resilient cities


O partnerima kampanje Međunarodna strategija tajništva Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa (UNISDR) je koordinator kampanje Učiniti gradove otpornima 2010-2015., ali nos-itelji kampanje su njeni lokalni, regionalni i međunarodni partneri, kao i gradovi sudionici i lokalne vlade. Broj angažiranih gradonačelnika, drugih javnih ličnosti na visokoj razini i lokalnih vlada „uzora“ će u budućnosti biti poznat i pomoći će UNISDR-u i njegovim partnerima u promoviranju i provedbi kampanje.

Fokus partnerske inicijative ISDR-a u kampanji je širenje saveza lokalnih uprava za sman-jenje rizika od katastrofa. Aktivni članovi ovog globalnog saveza će postati promotori kampanje u okviru svojih područja utjecaja. Oni će se međusobno oslanjati i na ekpertizu i stručnost svojih saveznika i dati potporu zago-varanju kampanje, te političkim i tehničkim dimenzijama kampanje.

Pridružite se savezu kao simpatizer slanjem informacija na: [email protected], ili se prijavite na web stranicu www.unisdr.org/campaign.

UN-HABITAT je ključni partner u kampanji zajedno s mnogim drugim UN organizacijama, gradskim udruženjima i organizacijama, a posebno Ujedinjeni gradovi za lokalne uprave (United Cities for Local Governments), ICLEI i Savez gradova (City Allience). Mreže nevladinih organizacija i masovnih organizacija koje sudjeluju u sustavu ISDR-a, već su se prijavile. Platforme ili radne grupe za izgradnju otpornih gradova će pružiti potporu kampanji u regijama.

Nadalje, kampanja Učiniti gradove otpornima 2010-2015. je povezana sa Svjetskom urbanom kampanjom UN-HABITAT-a “Održivi urbanizam”. Obje kampanje se pridržavaju istih načela, doprinoseći istom dugoročnom cilju održivog razvoja. U obje kampanje, mnogi komunikaci-jski alati i gradovi sudionici će biti isti. Cilj kam-panje Učiniti gradove otpornima je osigurati da se važna načela Hyogo okvira za djelovanje integriraju u lokalne sredine. Sljedeći korak je preći s riječi na djela.

Azijska regionalna radna grupa za smanjenje rizika u urbanim područjima razvila je smjer-nice za provedbu Hyogo okvira na lokalnoj razini, kako bi se pružila pomoć lokalnim vladama u stvaranju otpornosti. Ove smjernice već koriste članovi radne skupine u aktivnosti-ma izgradnje kapaciteta koje provode zajedno s gradskim vlastima. Ostali alati i smjernice za planiranje koji će pomoći smanjenju rizika biti će razvijeni od strane partnera u kampanji, na čelu s UN-HABITAT-om i UNISDR-om. Prilike za izgradnju kapaciteta i obuku bit će omogućene od strane partnera i gradova sudionka, te će se i dalje razvijati tijekom kampanje.

Mnoge druge globalne i regionalne inicijative će biti istaknute tijekom dvogodišnje kam-panje, a mnogi pozitivni primjeri politika za smanjenje rizika u urbanim sredinama bit će dostupni na internetu.

Kako biste saznali više o aktivnostima i part-nerima kampanje, posjetite web stranicu: www.unisdr.org/campaign.


The secretariat of the United Nations

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

(UNISDR) is the coordinator of the Making

Cities Resilient Campaign 2010-2011, but its

local, regional and international partners and

participating cities and local governments

are the drivers and owners of the campaign.

A number of committed mayors, other high-

level public figures and “role-model” local

governments will be identified and help

UNISDR and its partners to promote and

implement the campaign.

Central to ISDR’s partnering initiative for the

campaign is the spread of local government

alliances for disaster risk reduction. Active

members of this global alliance will become

campaign promoters in their areas of influence.

They will draw upon one another’s expertise

as well as provide support and give substance

to the advocacy, political and technical

dimensions of the campaign.

Join the alliance as a supporter by sending your

information to: [email protected] or sign up

on the website under www.unisdr.org/campaign.

UN-HABITAT is a key partner in the campaign

along with many other UN organizations, city

associations and organizations, especially the

United Cities for Local Governments, ICLEI

and the City Alliance. NGO networks and

grassroots organizations that participate in the

ISDR system have already signed up. Resilient

Cities platforms or task forces will support the

campaign in the regions.

Furthermore, the Making Cities Resilient Campaign

2010-2011 is linked to UN-HABITAT’s World

Urban Campaign on “Sustainable Urbanization”.

Both campaigns adhere to the same principles,

contributing towards the same long-term

goal of sustainable development. Many of the

communication tools and participating cities will

be the same. The Making Cities Resilient Campaign

objective is to ensure that the important principles

of the Hyogo Framework for Action are integrated

into the local environment. The next step is to turn

words into action.

The Asia Regional Task Force on Urban Risk

Reduction has developed a guideline to implement

the Hyogo Framework locally, to assist local

governments to become resilient. It is already used

by the task force members in capacity building

e�orts with city o�cials. Another planning tool

to support risk reduction will be developed by

the partners in the campaign, led by UN-HABITAT

and UNISDR. Capacity building and training

opportunities will be provided by the participating

partners and cities - and be developed further

during the campaign.

Many other global and regional initiatives will be

highlighted during the two year campaign and

many proven practices of urban risk policies will

be available on line.

To learn more about campaign activities and

partners, visit the website at www.unisdr.org/

campaign

Mayors and local governments hold key positions

in building resilience to disasters within their

communities. Mayors provide leadership for

the well-being of their constituencies. Local

governments deliver essential services such as

health, education, transport and water. They

issue construction permits, manage public works

and plan and control urban development, all

of which provide opportunities to ensure safer

development that can reduce a community’s

vulnerability to disasters.

Local governments devise and create

developments that a�ect millions of people

in cities everywhere. The campaign calls on

mayors and local governments to work with

their constituencies, and include risk-reducing

initiatives in their strategic planning processes, as

a way to get ready for future natural hazards with

con�dence and resilience.

Mayors and local governments can play a role

in helping cities to get ready to meet future

risks. National governments, local community

and professional associations, international,

regional and civil society organizations, donors,

the private sector, academia and all citizens must

also be engaged. All of these stakeholders need

to play their respective roles in building disaster

resilient cities, and local government is critical in

order to achieve success.

“Disaster preparedness and risk

mitigation are key priorities in guiding

good city planning, design, development,

and daily administration. Our cities

need commitment and support from the

national government through policy that

empowers us to undertake the necessary

and decisive actions to prevent and

reduce human and other losses. With

such decentralization allowing for better

integrated urban development, not only

can we create sustainable cities, regions

and countries, but also resilient people.”

Dr. Fauzi Bowo, Governor, Jakarta, Indonesia

“It is sad that yet another city is in a

serious disaster with thousands of lives

lost in Haiti. It convinces me that this

campaign is more urgent than ever

before. I put myself in the shoes of the

local government leaders and it cannot

be anything easy…. All this calls for

a real campaign for safer cities and

building resilience.”

District Chairman Rev. Sam Ebukele L’Kwisk

(Uganda)

Mayors and local governments can reduce risk

in the following ways:

�� Sign up to and work towards the Ten

Essentials checklist, make a public

announcement and share your experience,

good practice and progress with

participants in the campaign and other cities

�� Work closely with your central government

to implement nationally planned

approaches to urban planning, local

development and disaster risk reduction

�� Create local partnerships and alliances with

your citizens and community groups

�� Engage your local and national universities

to provide advice on hazard monitoring and

risk assessment and conduct research on

ways for your city to build resilience

�� Focus on your poor and high-risk

communities and take the campaign goals

and messages to grassroot communities

�� Organize public hearings, discussions, drills

and other awareness raising activities during

the International Day for Disaster Reduction

or on the anniversaries of past disasters.

�� Use the campaign and Ten Essentials for

Making Cities Resilient to address climate

change challenges and your “green agenda”.

About the campaign partners Mayors and local governments – the keys to building resilient cities

Gradonačelnici i lokalne vlasti – ključ za za izgradnju gradova otpornih na katastrofe

Gradonačelnici i lokalne vlasti imaju ključne pozicije u izgradnji otpornosti na katastrofe u njihovim zajednicama. Gradonačelnici su odgovorni za dobrobit svojih birača. Mjesne vlade pružaju osnovne usluge kao što su zdravstvo, naobrazba, prijevoz i voda. Oni izdaju građevinske dozvole, upravl-jaju javnim poslovima, te planiraju i vrše kontrolu nad urbanističkim razvojem, a sve to pruža mogućnost za sigurniji razvoj gra-dova koji može umanjiti izloženost zajednica katastrofama.

Lokalne vlasti osmišljavaju i provode aktivnosti koje utječu na milijune ljudi u gradovima diljem svijeta. Kampanja poziva gradonačelnike i lokalne vlasti da rade zajedno sa svojim biračima, te da u procese strateškog planiranja ugrade inicijative za smanjenje rizika, što je način na koji se mogu pripravno suočiti sa budućim prirodnim opasnostima.

Gradonačelnici i lokalne vlasti mogu igrati značajnu ulogu u pružanju pomoći gradovima kako bi se pripremili za suočavanje s budućim rizicima. U ove aktivnosti, također, trebaju se uključiti i državne vlade, lokalne zajednice i strukovna udruženja, međunarodne, region-alne i organizacije civilnog društva, donatori, privatni sektor, akademske zajednice i svi građani. Svi ovi akteri moraju preuzeti svoje uloge u izgradnji grada otpornog na katastrofe, a uloga lokalne vlasti je od ključnog značaja kako bi se postigao uspjeh.

“Pripravnost na katastrofe i ublažavanje rizika su ključni prioriteti u vođenju dobrog urbanističkog plan-iranja, projektiranja, razvoja i tekuće administracije. Našim gradovima je potrebna predanost i potpora državnih vlada kroz politike koje nam omogućuju da poduzmemo potrebne i odlučne aktivnosti, kako bi spriječili i umanjili ljudske i druge gubitke. S takvom decentralizaci-jom koja omogućava bolje integri-rani urbanistički razvoj, ne samo da možemo stvoriti održive gradove, regije i zemlje, već možemo povećati i otpornost stanovnika na katastrofe.“Dr. Fauzi Bowo guverner Jakarte, Indonezija

“Žalosno je da je još jedan grad pogodila ozbiljna katastrofa, s tisućama izgubljenih života na Haitiju. To me uvjerava da je ova kampanja hitnija neko ikada ranije. Stavio sam se u kožu čelnika lokalne vlade i to ne može biti lako... Sve ovo poziva na čvrstu kampanju za izgradnju sigurnih i otpornih gradova. “

predsjednik DistriktaRev. Sam Ebukele L’Kwisk (Uganda)

Gradonačelnici i lokalne vlasti mogu sman-jiti rizik na sljedeće načine:

• prijavite se i radite na ispunjenju spiska od deset osnova, istupite javno i podijelite svoje iskustvo, dobre prakse i napredak sa sudion-icima kampanje i drugim gradovima,

• usko surađujte s vašom centralnom vladom u cilju provedbe državnih planova za urbanistički razvoj, razvoj lokalnih sredina i smanjenja rizika od katastrofa,

• stvarajte partnerstva i saveze sa vašim građanima i društvenim skupinama,

• angažirajte svoje lokalne i državne univer-zitete da djeluju kao savjetnici u oblasti praćenja opasnosti i procjene rizika, te da provode istraživanja o načinima na koji vaš grad može postati otporniji,

• fokusirajte se na siromašne zajednice i zajednice visokog rizika, te prenesite ciljeve i poruke kampanje pripadnicima neformalnih masovnih organizacija,

• organizirajte javne rasprave, diskusije, vježbe i druge aktivnosti podizanja svijesti tijekom Međunarodnog dana borbe protiv prirodnih katastrofa, ili na godišnjice prethodnih katastrofa i

• koristite kampanju i Spisak deset osnova za grad otporan na katastrofe, kako biste skrenuli pozornost na izazove klimatskih promjena i vašu “zelenu agendu”.


Local government associations

�� Put disaster risk reduction at the top of

your agenda

�� Partner with UNISDR to reach out to local

authorities

�� Support implementation of the

campaign at the local government and

community levels.

National governments

�� Set up and foster multi-stakeholder

national platforms for disaster

risk reduction that include local

governments or their associations

�� Give consideration to local governance

and sustainable urbanization issues

�� Ensure that your ministries and

institutions take risk reduction into

account in their planning and policy

making

�� Encourage economic development in

rural areas and smaller cities in order

to reduce the pressure of accelerated

migration to high-risk peripheral areas

and slums

�� Make disaster risk reduction a national

and local priority and clearly identify

institutional responsibilities for reducing

risk at all levels.

Community associations

�� Sign up to the campaign and encourage

your organization to participate in it

�� Promote active engagement of

community members in the campaign,

using the campaign’s promotional and

informational resources

�� Build partnership in projects with local

government, NGOs, the private sector

etc. to make your local area safer

�� Share local knowledge and experience

with other actors; support activities

such as planning, risk assessments

and mapping, maintenance of critical

infrastructure, safer land use and

enforcement of building standards

�� Collaborate in measuring progress

through participative monitoring.

UN, international or regional organizations, NGOs

�� Sign up as a campaign partner and

commit to support local governments to

build resilience to disasters

�� Strive to develop better tools and

methodologies for urban risk reduction

in any of the Ten Essentials for Making

Cities Resilient areas

�� Advocate for increased urban risk

reduction at the local level

�� Encourage greater involvement of local

actors in regional and international

policy development

�� Strengthen the links between NGOs,

local governments and community-

based organizations.

Donors

�� Ensure that disaster risk reduction is part

of your programme planning and budget

allocations; and include this for sustainable

urbanization, climate adaptation,

development, humanitarian, disaster

response and reconstruction programmes

�� Fund projects that focus on making cities

resilient to disasters.

Private sector

�� Make sure your business is not

increasing disaster risk or degrading the

environment

�� Partner in projects with your local

government or communities where

you conduct your enterprise to make

your city safer – only a resilient city can

support sustainable economic growth

�� Commit resources to research and

development projects on urban risk

reduction.

Academia

�� Adapt the science agenda to emphasize

this paramount research topic and

advance the state-of-the art in urban risk

reduction

�� Introduce urban risk profiling and

risk reduction processes as part of

the courses and research in several

disciplines, including urban planning

�� Collaborate with regional and local

governments in applied research

projects on risk assessments and risk

reduction; test and apply your methods,

models and findings in local government

environments

�� Go public with your knowledge and

make your expertise available to local

governments and the public at large.



your city resilient

to disasters


Što možete učiniti kako bi vaš grad bio ot-porniji? Pridružite se kampanji!

Udruženja lokalnih vlada

• Stavite smanjenje rizika od katastrofa na vrh vašeg dnevnog reda

• Postanite partner UNISDR-a kako biste preni-jeli poruku vašim lokalnim upravama

• • Podržite provedbu kampanje na razinama lokalne vlasti i lokalne zajednice

Državne vlade

• Uspostavite i potaknite državne platforme za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa, koje su podržane od strane više interesnih grupa, a koje uključuju i lokalne vlade, ili njihova udruženja.

• Razmotrite pitanja lokalne uprave i održivog urbanizma.

• Pobrinite se da vaša ministarstva i institucije razmotre pitanje smanjenja rizika prilikom izrade planova i politika.

• Potaknite gospodarski razvoj u ruralnim područjima i manjim gradovima u cilju sman-jenja pritiska rastuće migracije stanovništva u visokorizična rubna područja i sirotinjske četvrti.

• Učinite da smanjenje rizika od katastrofa postane državni i lokalni prioritet, te jasno identificirajte institucionalne odgovornosti za smanjenje rizika na svim razinama.

Građanska udruženja

• Prijavite se za kampanju i potaknite vašu organizaciju na sudjelovanje.

• Promovirajte aktivno sudjelovanje članova zajednice u kampanji, putem promidžbenih i informativnih resursa kampanje.

• Izgradite partnerstva kroz projekte s lokalnom vladom, nevladinim organizaci-jama, privatnim sektorom itd, kako bi vaše okruženje učinili sigurnijim.

• Podijelite vaša znanja i iskustva s ostalim akterima, podržite aktivnosti kao što su plan-iranje, procjena i mapiranje rizika, održavanje kritične infrastrukture, sigurnije prostorno planiranje i sprovedba standarda gradnje.

• Surađujte u mjerenju napretka kroz partici-pativni monitoring.

UN, međunarodne ili regionalne or-ganizacije, nevladine organizacije

• Prijavite se kao partner kampanje i obvežite se na potporu lokalnim vlastima u izgradnji otpornosti na katastrofe.

• Nastojte razviti bolje alate i metodologije za smanjenja rizika u urbanim sredinama u bilo kojoj oblasti u Deset osnova za grad otporan na katastrofe.

• Zagovarajte efikasnije smanjenje rizika u urbanim sredinama na lokalnoj razini.

• Potaknite veću uključenost lokalnih aktera u razvoju regionalne i međunarodne politike.

• Ojačajte veze između nevladinih organizaci-ja, jedinica lokalne samouprave i građanskih organizacija.


Local government associations

�� Put disaster risk reduction at the top of

your agenda

�� Partner with UNISDR to reach out to local

authorities

�� Support implementation of the

campaign at the local government and

community levels.

National governments

�� Set up and foster multi-stakeholder

national platforms for disaster

risk reduction that include local

governments or their associations

�� Give consideration to local governance

and sustainable urbanization issues

�� Ensure that your ministries and

institutions take risk reduction into

account in their planning and policy

making

�� Encourage economic development in

rural areas and smaller cities in order

to reduce the pressure of accelerated

migration to high-risk peripheral areas

and slums

�� Make disaster risk reduction a national

and local priority and clearly identify

institutional responsibilities for reducing

risk at all levels.

Community associations

�� Sign up to the campaign and encourage

your organization to participate in it

�� Promote active engagement of

community members in the campaign,

using the campaign’s promotional and

informational resources

�� Build partnership in projects with local

government, NGOs, the private sector

etc. to make your local area safer

�� Share local knowledge and experience

with other actors; support activities

such as planning, risk assessments

and mapping, maintenance of critical

infrastructure, safer land use and

enforcement of building standards

�� Collaborate in measuring progress

through participative monitoring.

UN, international or regional organizations, NGOs

�� Sign up as a campaign partner and

commit to support local governments to

build resilience to disasters

�� Strive to develop better tools and

methodologies for urban risk reduction

in any of the Ten Essentials for Making

Cities Resilient areas

�� Advocate for increased urban risk

reduction at the local level

�� Encourage greater involvement of local

actors in regional and international

policy development

�� Strengthen the links between NGOs,

local governments and community-

based organizations.

Donors

�� Ensure that disaster risk reduction is part

of your programme planning and budget

allocations; and include this for sustainable

urbanization, climate adaptation,

development, humanitarian, disaster

response and reconstruction programmes

�� Fund projects that focus on making cities

resilient to disasters.

Private sector

�� Make sure your business is not

increasing disaster risk or degrading the

environment

�� Partner in projects with your local

government or communities where

you conduct your enterprise to make

your city safer – only a resilient city can

support sustainable economic growth

�� Commit resources to research and

development projects on urban risk

reduction.

Academia

�� Adapt the science agenda to emphasize

this paramount research topic and

advance the state-of-the art in urban risk

reduction

�� Introduce urban risk profiling and

risk reduction processes as part of

the courses and research in several

disciplines, including urban planning

�� Collaborate with regional and local

governments in applied research

projects on risk assessments and risk

reduction; test and apply your methods,

models and findings in local government

environments

�� Go public with your knowledge and

make your expertise available to local

governments and the public at large.



your city resilient

to disasters


svoj grad otpornim

na katastrofe

Donatori

• Osigurajte da smanjenje rizika od katastrofa bude dio plana vašeg programa i rapod-jele proračuna, te da to uključuje i održivu urbanizaciju, prilagodbu klimatskim prom-jenama, razvojne programe, humanitarnu pomoć, odgovor na katastrofe, i programe rekonstrukcije.

• Financirajte projekte koji su usmjereni ka stvaranju gradova otporanih na katastrofe.

Privatni sektor

• Pobrinite se da vaše poslovanje ne povećava rizik od katastrofa ili da ne ugrožava okoliš.

• Postanite partner u projektima s lokalnom vladom, ili zajednicom u kojoj djelujete kako bi učinili vaš grad sigurnijim - samo grad otporan na katastrofe može podržati održivi ekonomski razvoj.

• Odvojite sredstva za istraživačke i razvojne projekte koji se tiču smanjenja rizika u urbanim sredinama.

Akademska zajednica

• Prilagodite znanstvene programe kako biste naglasili ovu značajnu istraživačku temu, te unaprijedili prikaz stanja i dostignuća u oblasti smanjenja rizika u urbanim sredi-nama.

• Uvedite teme profiliranja rizika u urbanim sredinama i procesa smanjenja rizika kao dio tečajeva i istraživačkih projekata u nekoliko disciplina, uključujući i urbanističko plan-iranje.

• Surađujte s regionalnim i lokalnim vladama u istraživačkim projektima koji se odnose na procjene rizika i smanjenje rizika, testirajte i primjenite svoje metode, modele i nalaze u okruženju lokalne uprave.

• Izađite u javnost s vašim saznanjima i stavite svoju stručnost na raspolaganje lokalnim vladama i javnosti u cjelini.


The campagn wants to highlight the good

practice and successes that cities have

experienced in the course of their individual risk

reduction e�orts. Leading by example is often the

most compelling way to engage others. Showing

what is possible and making clear the bene�ts

that can be had from making a city resilient to

urban risks is what the campaign is all about.

Perhaps your city would be an ideal Role Model

City in the Making Cities Resilient Campaign. We

want to showcase exemplary Resilient City Role

Models that have demonstrated leadership in,

and commitment to reducing urban risks. Role

Model Cities will be asked to commit some time to

support the campaign in two meaningful ways:

1. Raise awareness and advocate for local

government needs at the highest levels

2. Promote and support implementation of

disaster risk reduction in your country

Become a Resilient Cities Champion!

�� Are you a mayor or local government

leader? As a Champion and goodwill

ambassador for resilient cities

everywhere, nominate a community

leader, mayor, governor or other

influential figure in your community

who is willing to support UNISDR and

our partners during the campaign to

encourage, help and support others.

Become a Role Model City!

�� Has your local government already made

good progress towards resilience? Is

your city or local government willing to

showcase its good practice in building

resilience and safety in at least five out

of the Ten Essentials for Making Cities

Resilient? Is your local government

willing to provide opportunities to other

local governments to learn from your

experiences? Become a Role Model City

and share your success with the world.

Role Models will be featured prominently

throughout the campaign.

Become a Resilient Cities Participant!

�� If you are a local government that is

in the early stages of risk reduction

planning and management, make a

pledge to improve resilience and safety

to disasters and let the campaign know

about it.

�� If you are a community group, NGO or

other active member of your city who

wants to commit to and support the

campaign goals and work with your local

government to increase the disaster

resilience.

The nomination process

To become a Resilient Cities Champion, a Resilient

Cities Role Model or a Resilient Cities Participant

you have to start with the nomination process.

You will �nd nomination forms and all of the

information you need on the website (www.

unisdr.org/campaign).

To nominate a Resilient City Role Model – cities

and local governments

Send your nomination proposal to UNISDR,

explaining why the nominated city can serve as

a role model demonstrating good practice in

building resilience. If accepted, UNISDR will invite

the nominated city to be o�cially designated

as a Resilient Cities Role Model in the campaign.

UNISDR will then work with the city to identify

opportunities for Role Model activities as well as

publish the results of the cooperation and good

practices for the duration of the campaign. For

further details, contact [email protected] for

more information.

��

��

Cities and local governments that are interested

in participating in the campaign but that might

not wish to become a Resilient Cities Role

Model can instead pledge their commitment to

improve in any of the Ten Essentials for Making

Cities Resilient. A letter from the mayor’s o�ce

to UNISDR will con�rm this pledge and UNISDR

will list the city as a Resilient Cities Participant

in the campaign. UNISDR will regularly update

all participating cities on campaign and partner

activities. Further information is available at

www.unisdr.org/campaign.

To nominate a Resilient Cities Champion

and goodwill ambassador - cities and local

governments

�� Campaign partners, national platforms

and city councils can nominate a person

to become a Resilient Cities Champion

and goodwill ambassador during the

2010-2011 Campaign in their personal

capacity. This is a non-remunerated

designation, which requires the nominee

to provide leadership and visibility.

WHY SHOULD A LOCAL GOVERNMENT SIGN UP TO THE CAMPAIGN - SOME BENEFITS

�� Save lives and livelihoods through proper

planning and preparedness

�� Work towards sustainable urbanization

�� Help protect natural resources, your

urban heritage and economic activity

�� Provide expertise, participate in or host

city-to-city-learning events on how to

reduce disaster risk in specific areas,

putting your city “on the map”

�� Be part of high visibility events to discuss

critical issues with national and global

counterparts, such as linking disaster risk

reduction to climate change adaptation,

Millennium Development Goals, safe

schools and hospitals and financing issues

�� Be eligible to receive the UN Sasakawa

Award for Disaster Reduction 2010-

2011, which recognizes examples of

local governments’ good practice and

innovation. The award recipient will be

linked to high-profile media events

�� Have your good practice included and

disseminated in publications, on the

website and in the print and broadcast

media

�� Show leadership by working towards a

more resilient city/township and initiate

the all-important first steps

�� Gain access to expertise, partners,

learning opportunities and consider the

possibility of “twinning” with another

Role Model city

�� Gain increased visibility and prestige for

political leadership and innovation


ContactsFor more information

www.unisdr.org/campaign

www.preventionweb.net

Email: [email protected]

Campaign network and Global Alliance

workspace: http://groups.preventionweb.

net/scripts/wa-


Kako nominirati grad za kampanju?Kampanjom se žele istaći najbolje prakse i uspjesi gradova kroz njihova iskustva u nastojanjima za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa. Dobri primjeri su često najbolji način da se i os-tali uključe. Ova kampanja želi pokazati što je moguće učiniti, te prikazati koristi od izgradnje grada otpornog na rizike kojima su izložene urbane sredine.

Možda će vaš grad biti idealan grad uzor kam-panje Učiniti gradove otpornima. Mi želimo prikazati primjer gradova uzora koji su pokazali vodstvo i predanost u smanjenju rizika u ur-banim sredinama. Od gradova uzora bit će zatraženo da izdvoje vrijeme, kako bi podržali kampanju na dva značajna načina:

1. Podizati svijest i zalagati se za potrebe lokalnih vlasti na najvišim razinama

2. Promicati i podržavati provedbu aktivnosti za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa u vašoj državi

Postanite zagovornik gradova otpornih na katastrofe!

• Jeste li gradonačelnik ili čelnik lokalne uprave? Kao zagovornik i ambasador dobre volje za otporne gradove diljem svijeta, nominirajte čelnika lokalne zajednice, gradonačelnika, guvernera, ili drugu utjeca-jnu ličnost u vašoj zajednici koja je pripravna podržati UNISDR i naše partnere tijekom kampanje u poticanju, pomoći i pružanju potpore ostalima.

Postanite grad uzor!

• Je li vaša lokalna uprava već ostvarila nap-redak u izgradnji otpornosti grada? Jesu li vaš grad ili lokalne vlasti pripravni predstaviti svoje iskustvo i dobre prakse u izgradnji otpornosti i sigurnosti u najmanje pet od deset osnova za grad otporan na katastrofe? Je li vaša lokalna uprava pripravna pružiti mogućnost drugim lokalnim upravama da nauče iz vašeg iskustva? Postanite grad uzor i podijelite svoj uspjeh s cijelim svijetom. Gradovi uzori će biti istaknuti i predstavljeni tijekom kampanje.

Postanite sudionik kampanje!

• Ako ste lokalna uprava koja je u ranoj fazi planiranja i vođenja aktivnosti smanjenja rizika, obvežite se na poboljšanje otpornosti i sigurnosti u slučaju katastrofa i informirajte kampanju o tome.

• Ako ste društvena zajednica, nevladina organizacija ili aktivni član gradske zajednice koji se želi posvetiti kampanji, podržati njene ciljeve i raditi zajedno sa lokalnim vlastima u nastojanjima za povećanje otpornosti grada na katastrofe.

Proces nominacije

Da biste postali zagovornik, grad uzor ili sudionik kampanje Učiniti gradove otpornima, morate započeti s procesom nominacije. Sve formulare i informacije o nominaciji koji su vam potrebni naći ćete na web stranici (www.unisdr.org/campaign).

Nominacija za grad uzor grada otpornog na katastrofe - gradovi i lokalne uprave

Pošaljite svoju ponudu za nominaciju UNISDR-u, uz pojašnjenje zašto nominirani grad može poslužiti kao uzor dobrih praksi u izgradnji otpornosti na katastrofe. Ako se nominacija prihvati, UNISDR će uputiti poziv nominiranom gradu za službeno imenovanje grada uzora u kampanji. UNISDR će nakon toga, u suradnji s gradom, identificirati aktivnosti grada uzora, te objaviti rezultate suradnje i dobre prakse za vrijeme trajanja kampanje. Za više informacija kontaktirajte [email protected].

Nominacija za sudionika kampanje – gra-dovi i lokalne uprave

Gradovi i lokalne vlasti koje su zainteresirani za sudjelovanje u kampanji, ali koji ne žele preuzeti ulogu grada uzora, mogu se obvezati za postizanje poboljšanja u bilo kojoj od deset osnovica za grad otporan na katastrofe. Za potvrdu ove preuzete obveze dovoljno je pismo gradonačelnika upućeno UNISDR–u, a UNISDR će dodati taj grad na listu sudionika kampanje za izgradnju gradova otpornih na


The campagn wants to highlight the good

practice and successes that cities have

experienced in the course of their individual risk

reduction e�orts. Leading by example is often the

most compelling way to engage others. Showing

what is possible and making clear the bene�ts

that can be had from making a city resilient to

urban risks is what the campaign is all about.

Perhaps your city would be an ideal Role Model

City in the Making Cities Resilient Campaign. We

want to showcase exemplary Resilient City Role

Models that have demonstrated leadership in,

and commitment to reducing urban risks. Role

Model Cities will be asked to commit some time to

support the campaign in two meaningful ways:

1. Raise awareness and advocate for local

government needs at the highest levels

2. Promote and support implementation of

disaster risk reduction in your country

Become a Resilient Cities Champion!

�� Are you a mayor or local government

leader? As a Champion and goodwill

ambassador for resilient cities

everywhere, nominate a community

leader, mayor, governor or other

influential figure in your community

who is willing to support UNISDR and

our partners during the campaign to

encourage, help and support others.

Become a Role Model City!

�� Has your local government already made

good progress towards resilience? Is

your city or local government willing to

showcase its good practice in building

resilience and safety in at least five out

of the Ten Essentials for Making Cities

Resilient? Is your local government

willing to provide opportunities to other

local governments to learn from your

experiences? Become a Role Model City

and share your success with the world.

Role Models will be featured prominently

throughout the campaign.

Become a Resilient Cities Participant!

�� If you are a local government that is

in the early stages of risk reduction

planning and management, make a

pledge to improve resilience and safety

to disasters and let the campaign know

about it.

�� If you are a community group, NGO or

other active member of your city who

wants to commit to and support the

campaign goals and work with your local

government to increase the disaster

resilience.

The nomination process

To become a Resilient Cities Champion, a Resilient

Cities Role Model or a Resilient Cities Participant

you have to start with the nomination process.

You will �nd nomination forms and all of the

information you need on the website (www.

unisdr.org/campaign).

To nominate a Resilient City Role Model – cities

and local governments

Send your nomination proposal to UNISDR,

explaining why the nominated city can serve as

a role model demonstrating good practice in

building resilience. If accepted, UNISDR will invite

the nominated city to be o�cially designated

as a Resilient Cities Role Model in the campaign.

UNISDR will then work with the city to identify

opportunities for Role Model activities as well as

publish the results of the cooperation and good

practices for the duration of the campaign. For

further details, contact [email protected] for

more information.

��

��

Cities and local governments that are interested

in participating in the campaign but that might

not wish to become a Resilient Cities Role

Model can instead pledge their commitment to

improve in any of the Ten Essentials for Making

Cities Resilient. A letter from the mayor’s o�ce

to UNISDR will con�rm this pledge and UNISDR

will list the city as a Resilient Cities Participant

in the campaign. UNISDR will regularly update

all participating cities on campaign and partner

activities. Further information is available at

www.unisdr.org/campaign.

To nominate a Resilient Cities Champion

and goodwill ambassador - cities and local

governments

�� Campaign partners, national platforms

and city councils can nominate a person

to become a Resilient Cities Champion

and goodwill ambassador during the

2010-2011 Campaign in their personal

capacity. This is a non-remunerated

designation, which requires the nominee

to provide leadership and visibility.

WHY SHOULD A LOCAL GOVERNMENT SIGN UP TO THE CAMPAIGN - SOME BENEFITS

�� Save lives and livelihoods through proper

planning and preparedness

�� Work towards sustainable urbanization

�� Help protect natural resources, your

urban heritage and economic activity

�� Provide expertise, participate in or host

city-to-city-learning events on how to

reduce disaster risk in specific areas,

putting your city “on the map”

�� Be part of high visibility events to discuss

critical issues with national and global

counterparts, such as linking disaster risk

reduction to climate change adaptation,

Millennium Development Goals, safe

schools and hospitals and financing issues

�� Be eligible to receive the UN Sasakawa

Award for Disaster Reduction 2010-

2011, which recognizes examples of

local governments’ good practice and

innovation. The award recipient will be

linked to high-profile media events

�� Have your good practice included and

disseminated in publications, on the

website and in the print and broadcast

media

�� Show leadership by working towards a

more resilient city/township and initiate

the all-important first steps

�� Gain access to expertise, partners,

learning opportunities and consider the

possibility of “twinning” with another

Role Model city

�� Gain increased visibility and prestige for

political leadership and innovation


ContactsFor more information


www.preventionweb.net

Email: [email protected]

Campaign network and Global Alliance

workspace: http://groups.preventionweb.

net/scripts/wa-

katastrofe. UNISDR će redovno ažurirati listu gradova sudionika kampanje, kao i partnerskih aktivnosti. Dodatne informacije su dostupne na www.unisdr.org/campaign.

Nominacija za zagovornika kampanje i am-basadora dobre volje - gradovi i lokalneuprave

• Partneri kampanje, državne platforme i gradska vijeća mogu imenovati osobu za zagovornika kampanje i ambasadora dobre volje u svojstvu privatnog lica, tijekom kampanje 2010-2015. Za aktivnosti koje proizilaze iz ove uloge nije predviđena na-knada, a od kandidata se očekuje sposobnost rukovođenja i javno istupanje.

RAZLOZI ZA PRIKLJUČIVANJE LOKALNE UPRAVE KAMPANJI – PREDNOSTI

• Spasite živote i egzistenciju kroz odgovarajuće planiranje i pripravnost,

• djelujte ka održivoj urbanizaciji,

• pomozite u zaštiti prirodnih resursa, vašeg urbanog naslijeđa i ekonomskih djelatnosti,

• pružite stručnost, sudjelujte u, ili budite grad domaćin međugradskih događaja razmjene znanja o smanjenju rizika u određenim područjima, stavljajući vaš grad na dnevni red,

• budite dio događaja od posebnog značaja, kako bi sa kolegama na državnoj i globalnoj razini razgovarali o ključnim pitanjima, kao što su pitanja veze između smanjenja rizika od katastrofa i prilagođavanja klimatskim promjenama, Milenijski razvojni ciljevi, sig-urne škole i bolnice, kao i financijska pitanja,

• kvalificirajte se za UN Sasakawa nagradu za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa 2010–2015, koja se dodjeljuje za primjere dobre prakse i inovacija lokalnih vlasti. Dobitnik nagrade će sudjelovati u istaknutim medijskim događajima,

•neka primjeri vaše dobre prakse budu objav-ljeni u publikacijama, na web stranicama, te u tiskanim, televizijskim i radijskim medijima,

• pokažite sposobnost rukovođenja preduzimajući aktivnosti ka stvaranju grada otpornijeg na katastrofe i budite inicijator ključnih prvih koraka,

• steknite pristup ekspertizi, partnerima, prilikama za stjecanjem znanja, te razmotrite mogućnost “bratimljenja” s drugim gradom uzorom i

• postanite primjetni i steknite prestiž u polju političkog rukovođenja i inovacija.

Kontakti za više informacijawww.unisdr.org/campaign www.preventionweb.nete-mail: [email protected]

Mreža kampanje i Globalni savez:http://groups.preventionweb.net/scripts/wa-

UNISDR Tajništvo Tel: +41 22 917 8908/[email protected] www.unisdr.org

UNISDR ured za vezu, New York [email protected]

UNISDR Regionalni ured u Africiisdr-africalilunep.orgwww.unisdr.org/africa

Ured Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa

UNISDR Regionalni ured za Aziju i Pacifik [email protected] www.unisdr.org/asiapacificUNISDR Regionalni ured u [email protected]

UNISDR Regionalni ured za Europu i Središnju Aziju [email protected] www.unisdr.org/europe

UNISDR Regionalni ured za arapske zemlje [email protected]/arabstates


The translation was promoted by the UNISDR-WMO project “Building Resilience to Disasters in Western Balkans and Turkey” with the support of the European Commission through the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)

Documents

Učinimo gradove otpornijim Moj Grad se Priprema · 2010-2015 Svjetska kampanja za smanjenje katastrofa Ured Ujedinjenih naroda za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa Moj Grad se Priprema