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u&ifeDvlrsd K;.aemufcHordkif;tusOf; u&if eD vl rsd K;onf rG ef *d k ;vD ;,m;uk ef ;jyifjrifhrSpkefqif ;vmjyD ;bDpD(739)ckESpf avmuf upum 'D ;armqd k ajrjyef @od k @tajccsaexd k if um u&if eD jynf ud k pwif wnf axmif cJh=uonf? xdktcsdefrSpjyD; udk,fhrif;udk,fhcsif;jzifht=uD;tuJrsm;udka&G;cs,fwifajrmufvsuf wdkif;jynfudk tk yf csKyf apavonf ? ESpfrsm;r=umrS D ajrmuft&yf wGifaexdkifaom,Gef ;ya'o&mZfrif;onf u&ifeDjynfudkppfa&;t&0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufum u&ifeDjynfolrsm;udkESpfw&meD ;yg;cef@ usGef ozG,fzdESdyftkyfcsKyfcJhavonf? odk@aomf u&ifeDjynf olrsm;onfpnf ;vHk;nDnGwfpGmjzifh,Gef;y a'o&mZfrif;tm;wdkufcdkufarmif ;xkwfEdkifjyD; rlvtwdkif;rdrdwdk@wifajrmufxm;aom t=uD; tuJjzifhwdkif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfapavonf? u&if eDjynfonf tEG,fwlrsd K;EG,f pkrsm;pkaygif;aexdkifonfh ao;i,faomwdkif;jynf wpf ck jzpf aomf jim;vnf ; ajray:ajratmuf o,H Zmwayg=uG,f0onfh wdkif;jynfvnf;jzpfyg onf ? To,H ZmwyPnf ;rsm;vG wf vyf pG mxkwf ,l oH k ;pGJum wdkif;jynfom,m0ajymzGH@jzd K; a&;twGuftaumiftxnfazmfaqmifEdkifonfhtajctae&Sdygonf? 1857ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyfwdk@tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS ,f avmh'g[dkZDrS u&ifeD.oDjcm;vGwf vyfa&;udktodtrSwfjyKcJhum 1862ckESpfwGifu&ifeDESifhr[mrdwfpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkcJh=uonf? xdk@ tjyif 1875ckESpf/ZGefv(21)&ufae@wGif t*Fvdyfbk&ifESif hArmbk&ifwdk@u&ifeD.oD;jcm;vGwf vyfa&;udktodtrSwfjyKonfhESpfjynf axmif pmcsKyf ud k csKyf qd k cJh=uonf? 1885ckESpfwGif t*F vd yf wd k @rS Armjynf wpf jynf vH k ;ud k od rf ;yd k uf cJhonfhwdkif u&ifeDrSmwoD;wjcm;qufvufwnf&Sd cJhonf? 1873at'DwG ifvnf;ta&S@u&ifeDESifhZif;rdkifbk&ifwdk@onf ESpfjynfaxmifcspf=unf a&;rsm;wnfaqmufumusG JaoG;aomufoHk;vsuf ESpfjynfaxmifcspf=unfa&;xm0pOfwnf wHhcdkifjrJa&;twGufoPmjyKcJh=uonf? Zif;r,fbk&if.nDawmfrSmta&S@u&ifeDapmzsm.orD; awmf ESifhvufqufxdrf;jrSm;cJhonf? u&ifeDjynf.tkyfcsKyfa&;udke,fy,ftvdkufcGJjcm;xm;jyD; t=uD ;tuJapmzsmrsm;rSwdkuf&dkufudkifwG,fpDrHcJh =uaomf vnf ; wpf jynf vH k ;.ta&;ud Prsm; udkrle,ft=uD;tuJrsm;ESifhvlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS pkaygif;nSdEdkif;tajz&Smjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf=u ygonf? odk@aomf 1946ck ESpf/pufwifbmv(11)&ufae@wG if u&ifeDwpfEdkifiHvHk;.tkyfcsKyfa&; t&yf&yfudkOD;pD;aqmif&GufoGm;&eftwGuf vGwfvyfonfhu&ifeDjynfaxmifpkaumifpDtpkd;& (United Karenni Independent States Council)udkpwifzGJ@pnf;cJhjyD; u&if eD jynf .zGJ@pnf;tkyf csKyfyHktajccHOya'wpf&yfay:aygufvm&ef=udK;yrf;cJhonf? 1946ckESpf/'DZifbmv(24)&ufae@wGif zqyvacgif;aqmifOD;atmifqef;rSvGdKifaumf jrdK@odk@a&muf&Sdvmum u&ifeDjynf olrsm;udk vGwf vyfa&;&&SdawmhrnfhyrmjynfESifhyl;aygif;&ef rJqG,fw&m;a[majym&mwGif u&ifeDe,f&J@ Independence qd k wm[mvnf ; pULay:rS m om&S d wm wu,f rS mawmh eJeJuav;rSvGwfvyfwmr[kwfbl;/wdkif;wyg;om;awGarmif;xkwf jyD;'Dae&mrSmyrmeJ@tpm;xdk;zdk@&mr[kwfbl;/ cif rsm;wd k @wnf &S d aewJhtcGifhta&; u&if eDtkyf csKyfa&;twdkif;tkyfcsKyfyg?usKyfwdk@bmrS0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;r&Sdbl;/ usKyfwdk@uvnf;t*Fvdyf

u&ifeDvlrsdK;.aemufcHordkif;tusOf; · 2019-05-06 · u&ifeDvlrsdK;.aemufcHordkif;tusOf; u&ifeDvlrsdK;onf rGef*dk;vD;,m;ukef;jyifjrifhrSpkefqif;vmjyD;bDpD(739)ckESpfavmuf upum 'D;armqdkajrjyef@odk@tajccsaexdkifum

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Page 1: u&ifeDvlrsdK;.aemufcHordkif;tusOf; · 2019-05-06 · u&ifeDvlrsdK;.aemufcHordkif;tusOf; u&ifeDvlrsdK;onf rGef*dk;vD;,m;ukef;jyifjrifhrSpkefqif;vmjyD;bDpD(739)ckESpfavmuf upum 'D;armqdkajrjyef@odk@tajccsaexdkifum

u&ifeDvlrsdK;.aemufcHordkif;tusOf;

u&ifeDvlrsdK;onf rGef*dk;vD;,m;ukef;jyifjrifhrSpkefqif;vmjyD;bDpD(739)ckESpfavmuf upum 'D;armqdkajrjyef@odk@tajccsaexdkifum u&ifeDjynfudkpwifwnfaxmifcJh=uonf? xdktcsdefrSpjyD; udk,fhrif;udk,fhcsif;jzifht=uD;tuJrsm;udka&G;cs,fwifajrmufvsuf wdkif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfapavonf? ESpfrsm;r=umrSD ajrmuft&yfwGifaexdkifaom,Gef;ya'o&mZfrif;onf u&ifeDjynfudkppfa&;t&0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufum u&ifeDjynfolrsm;udkESpfw&meD;yg;cef@ usGef ozG,fzdESdyftkyfcsKyfcJhavonf? odk@aomf u&ifeDjynfolrsm;onfpnf;vHk;nDnGwfpGmjzifh,Gef;y a'o&mZfrif;tm;wdkufcdkufarmif;xkwfEdkifjyD; rlvtwdkif;rdrdwdk@wifajrmufxm;aom t=uD; tuJjzifhwdkif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfapavonf? u&ifeDjynfonf tEG,fwlrsdK;EG,fpkrsm;pkaygif;aexdkifonfh ao;i,faomwdkif;jynf wpfckjzpfaomfjim;vnf; ajray:ajratmufo,HZmwayg=uG,f0onfh wdkif;jynfvnf;jzpfyg onf? To,HZmwyPnf;rsm;vGwfvyfpGmxkwf,loHk;pGJum wdkif;jynfom,m0ajymzGH@jzdK; a&;twGuftaumiftxnfazmfaqmifEdkifonfhtajctae&Sdygonf? 1857ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyfwdk@tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,f avmh'g[dkZDrS u&ifeD.oDjcm;vGwf vyfa&;udktodtrSwfjyKcJhum 1862ckESpfwGifu&ifeDESifhr[mrdwfpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkcJh=uonf? xdk@ tjyif 1875ckESpf/ZGefv(21)&ufae@wGif t*Fvdyfbk&ifESifhArmbk&ifwdk@u&ifeD.oD;jcm;vGwf vyfa&;udktodtrSwfjyKonfhESpfjynfaxmifpmcsKyfudkcsKyfqdkcJh=uonf? 1885ckESpfwGif t*F vdyfwdk@rSArmjynfwpfjynfvHk;udkodrf;ydkufcJhonfhwdkif u&ifeDrSmwoD;wjcm;qufvufwnf&Sd cJhonf? 1873at'DwGifvnf;ta&S@u&ifeDESifhZif;rdkifbk&ifwdk@onf ESpfjynfaxmifcspf=unf a&;rsm;wnfaqmufumusGJaoG;aomufoHk;vsuf ESpfjynfaxmifcspf=unfa&;xm0pOfwnf wHhcdkifjrJa&;twGufoPmjyKcJh=uonf? Zif;r,fbk&if.nDawmfrSmta&S@u&ifeDapmzsm.orD; awmfESifhvufqufxdrf;jrSm;cJhonf? u&ifeDjynf.tkyfcsKyfa&;udke,fy,ftvdkufcGJjcm;xm;jyD; t=uD;tuJapmzsmrsm;rSwdkuf&dkufudkifwG,fpDrHcJh=uaomfvnf; wpfjynfvHk;.ta&;udPrsm; udkrle,ft=uD;tuJrsm;ESifhvlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS pkaygif;nSdEdkif;tajz&Smjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf=u ygonf? odk@aomf 1946ckESpf/pufwifbmv(11)&ufae@wGif u&ifeDwpfEdkifiHvHk;.tkyfcsKyfa&; t&yf&yfudkOD;pD;aqmif&GufoGm;&eftwGuf vGwfvyfonfhu&ifeDjynfaxmifpkaumifpDtpkd;& (United Karenni Independent States Council)udkpwifzGJ@pnf;cJhjyD; u&ifeDjynf.zGJ@pnf;tkyf csKyfyHktajccHOya'wpf&yfay:aygufvm&ef=udK;yrf;cJhonf? 1946ckESpf/'DZifbmv(24)&ufae@wGif zqyvacgif;aqmifOD;atmifqef;rSvGdKifaumf jrdK@odk@a&muf&Sdvmum u&ifeDjynfolrsm;udk vGwfvyfa&;&&SdawmhrnfhyrmjynfESifhyl;aygif;&ef rJqG,fw&m;a[majym&mwGif u&ifeDe,f&J@ Independence qdkwm[mvnf; pULay:rSm om&Sdwm wu,frSmawmheJeJuav;rSvGwfvyfwmr[kwfbl;/wdkif;wyg;om;awGarmif;xkwf jyD;'Dae&mrSmyrmeJ@tpm;xdk;zdk@&mr[kwfbl;/ cifrsm;wdk@wnf&SdaewJhtcGifhta&; u&ifeDtkyf csKyfa&;twdkif;tkyfcsKyfyg?usKyfwdk@bmrS0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;r&Sdbl;/ usKyfwdk@uvnf;t*Fvdyf

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usGefrjzpfacsovdkcifrsm;wdk@vnf;t*FvdyfusGefrjzpfcsifbl;/ twlwlbJ wpfa,mufESifhwpf a,mufwef;wljzpf&,f[kajymqdkcJhonf? 'kwd,uBmppftjyD; yrmjynfrSjAdwdoSstpdk;&xHvGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&ef=udK;yrf;cJh&mwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;trljyKonfh zufqufqef@usifa&;ESifhjynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@csKyf zqy vtaejzifh awmifwef;a'otkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@ESifhawG@qHkaqG;aEG;umvGwfvyfa&;&,l&ef&Srf; jynfawmifydkif;yifvHkjrdK@wGifawG@qHkum yifvHkoabmwlnDcsufudkvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uonf? odk@aomf tqdkygyifvHknDvmcHodk@u&ifeDrSudk,fpm;vS,fapvGwfjcif;r&SdouJhodk@oabmwlnD csufawGvnf;vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;r&SdcJhacs/ tqdkygyifvHkoabmwlnDcsuft& 1947ckESpfwGif wdkif;jyKjynfjyKvGwfawmfwpf&yfudk&efukefwGifjyKvkyfum tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&efjyifqifcJhonf tqdkygvGwfawmfodk@u&ifeDrSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifwufa&mufjcif;r&SdcJhaomfvnf; tajccH Oya'.yk'fr180(u)t& u&ifjynftm;zGJ@pnf;rnfh u&ifjynfopf.txl;a'owpfcktjzpf xnfhoGif;azmfjycJhonf? Ttcsufonf u&ifeDjynfolrsm;.q'oabm xm;vHk;0ryg&SdbJ wpfzufowfrw&m;xnfhoGif;xm;cJhonf? Tordkif;udkaxmuf&SLjcif;tm;jzifh u&ifeDjynf onfrnfonfhtcgrSsArmjynf.tpdwftydkif;wpfckrjzpfcJhonfrSmtxift&Sm;yifjzpfonf? odk@aomf yrmjynfvGwfvyfa&;&&SdjyD; (7)vt=um=o*kwfv(9)&ufae@wGifu&ifeD trsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk;XgecsKyfpdkuf&mjzpfonfh jrvJa'gudk zqyvppf&JyvdyfwyfzGJ@0ifa&muf usL;ausmfwdkufcdkuf&mrS u&ifeDtrsdK;om;[email protected]&;udkumuG,fxdefodrf;a&; wdkufyGJ pwifcJh&ygonf? xdktcsdefrSpI u&ifeDtrsdK;om;a&;vSkyf&Sm;rlrSm trsdK;om;ckcHawmfvSefa&; toGifodk@ul;ajymif;um u&ifeDjynf.oD;jcm;vGwfvyfa&;udkta=umif;jyKjyD;ESpfaygif;(50) ausmf=umwdkufyGJqifEGJvmcJhjcif;vnf;jzpfonf? odk;jim;aomfvnf; ajymif;vJvmaeaomu Bm@EdkifiHa&;a&pD;a=umif;ESifhtnD tjcm;aomwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifhtwl(Armtygt0if) tm;vHk;rSoabmwlvufcHEdkifonfhwef;wla&;/ tjyeftvSeftodtrSwfjyKa&;/udk,fydkifjyXgef; cGifhtjynfht0&Sda&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDa&;rlatmufwGif ppfrSefaomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudk wnfaqmufum tusdK;wlvkyfief;rsm;udkyl;aygif;aqmif&GufEdkif&efpkpnf;aexdkifjcif;onfom tm;vHk;twGufydkrdktusdK;jzpfxGef;aprnf[k,Hk=unfonfhtavsmuf oD;jcm;vGwfvyfa&;jyef vnf&&Sda&;[laom&wnfcsufrS ppfrSefaomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;odk@t jcm;aomwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;Edkif&efqHk;jzwftaumiftxnf azmfaqmifvm&jcif;jzpfygonf?

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(1)u&ifeDvlrsdK;[email protected];oufvmyHk u&ifeDvlrsdK;onfvGefcJhaomESpfaygif;(4000)ausmf c&pfawmfray:rDoU&mZf bDpD 2618wGif tm&Swdkuftv,fydkif;rdk*dkvD;,m;EdkifiH*dkbDoJuE&a'owGifaexdkifonfh vlrsdK;wpf rsdK;jzpfygonf? eDaomta&mifudk0wfpm;qif,if&ef=udKufESpfoufojzifh t*Fvdyfvdk Red

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(4)xdkuJhodk@u,m;jynfe,fta&;tcif;t&SKyftaxG;=um;xJrS 'kwd,uBmppftjyD; 1946 ckESpf

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pmrsufem 2

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(5)xdkpOfuAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef.a[m=um;csufrSaumufEkwfcsufrsm;rSmatmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf? âusKyfu&ifeDvmwmt"dutcsufuawmh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfzdk@jzpfygw,f? 'Duae@Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;udktjrefqHk;&,l&rSmjzpfygw,f?cifrsm;wdk@&xm;jyD;wJhu&ifeD&J@vGwfvyfa&;tcGifhtm%me,f y,fudkusKyfwdk@vmtkyfcsKyfwmr[kwfygbl;? 0ifa&mufrpGufzufbl;? cifrsm;wdk@e,fESifhcifrsm;wdk@tkyfcsKyfyg? 'gayrJh ,ckcifAsm;wkd@&&Sdxm;wJhvGwfvyfa&;qdkwm t*Fvdyftpdk;&u0ifa&mufpGufzufaew,f? r=umcif wdk@vGwfvyfa&;&r,f/'dk@&r,fhvGwfvyfa&;[mt*Fvdyftpdk;&u0ifa&mufrpGufzufEdkifbl;? 'dk@vGwfvyfa&; awmif;wmt*FvdyfusGefrjzpfapvdk@jzpfw,f? cifAsm;wdk@udkvnf;rjzpfapcsifbl;twlwlbJ/ 'ga=umifhwdk@wdkif; &if;om;tcsif;csif;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfapcsifw,f?pnf;vHk;nDnGwf=uyg?'dk@vGwfvyfa&;&vmaomtcgoluydk jyD;tcGifhta&;&w,f/iguydkjyD;,loifhw,fr&Sdbl;/w&m;rSswjcif;/nDrSsjcif;pwJhtcGifhta&;rsm;udk rSsrSsww& ap&rnf[k*wday;pum;ajym=um;cJhonf?xdk@a=umifhu&ifeD.EdkifiHa&;rsdKaphonfocifEkESifhtzGJ@vma&muf csay;jyD;Adkvfatmifqef;u vma&muftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&ygonf?

(6)'kwd,urBmppf=uD;tjyD; u&ifeDe,ftkyfcsKyfa&; 'kwd,urBmppf=uD;jyD;qHk;onfhaemuf 1945ckESpfpufwifbmv(1)&ufae@wGif u&ifeDe,fodk@ t=uHtOm%fay;&ef t*FvdyfvlrsdK;ar*sm*a&[rfESifhu&ifeDvlrsdK;apm*D;vfbwfu&mplwdk@onf u&ifeD e,fvdGKifaumfjrdK@odka&muf&SdvmjyD; e,f=um;0efaxmuftjzpf ar*smawm&D(u&ifeDvlrsdK;)u vGdKifaumf jrdK@wGif&Hk;xdkifzGifhvSpfvsuf&Sdonf? (7)&Srf;jynfyifvHktpnf;ta0; 1946 ckESpf/azazmf0g&DvwGif yxrt=udrf&Srf;jynfyifvHktpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&muf&ef&Srf;apmf bGm;rsm;wdk@u u&ifeDe,fapmfbGm;rsm;wdk@udkzdwfac:vmcJhaomfvnf;u&ifeDe,fonfe*dkvfrlvuyifvGwf vyfxm;aome,fajrjzpfonfhtwGuf wufa&muf&efrvdka=umif;qHk;jzwfItpnf;ta0;odk@rwufbJaecJh onf? (8)awmifwef;a'oqdkif&m rif;=uD;a&mufvmjcif; 1946 ckESpf/azazmf0g&DvwGif awmifwef;a'oqdkif&mrif;=uD; rpPwmpwDrifqifonfu&ifeDe,f vGdKifaumfjrdK@odk@a&mufvmaomtcg abmvcJe,frSOD;bDwl&D/uEWm&0wDe,frSapma&SG[kef;/apmodef;/=u,f zdk;=uD;e,frSapmfbGm;apma&SG/ rdk;jAJe,frSodkif;b[efwdk@ESifhtjcm;vl (u)ppfavSsmfa=u;rsm;ay;&ef/ (c)u&ifeD e,fppfwyfzGJ@pnf;ay;&ef/ (*)wmwrHwl;ajrmif;rsm;azmufvkyfay;&ef/ (C)usef;rma&;/ynma&;/pD;yGm;a&; rsm;jyKvkyfwnfaqmufay;&efponfrsm;udkawmif;qdk&mY rnfonfhtcGifhta&;r&cJhyg? odk@aomfvnf;jref rmEdkifiHodk@udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;ay;awmhrnfjzpfI u&ifeD/ u&if/ &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; paomvlrsdK;pkaygif;jyD; (z&ef;wD,m{&d,m)ac:awmifwef;a'o.tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@odk@yg0if&ef rpPwmpwDrifqifuwdkufwGef;cJhyg onf?xdkudpPtwGuf e,fole,fom;ESifhaqG;aEG;wdkifyifjyD;rSta=umif;jyefrnfjzpfa=umif;jynfe,fudk,fpm; vS,frsm;ujyef=um;cJh=uygonf? (9)jrefrmjynfESifhaygif;oifhraygif;oifh 1946 ckESpf/azazmf0g&Dv(25)&ufae@wGif abmvcJe,fajrmufydkif;rmvmjrdK@w&m;ol=uD;OD;bDae tdrfYpnf;a0;wdkifyif=u&m(z&ef;wD,m{&d,m)awmifwef;a'orsm;ESifh yl;aygif;&efoifhroifhudk aqG;aEG; onf?tu,fIz&ef;wD,m{&d,mESifhyl;aygif;rnfqdkvSsifu&ifeDe,fonfpD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&; rsm;rjynfhpHkao;/ tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;ESifhvnf;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;xGufaygufr&Sdao;onfhtwGufjrefrmjynf ESifhomvSsifyl;aygif;&efoifhonf[kaqG;aEG;wifjy=uygonf? ta=umif;rSmjrefrmjynfYvltiftm;/ aiGtif tm;/ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;/ ynma&;tiftm;xGufukef0ifukefyifv,fqdyfurf;rsm;&Sdonfomru a&S;tpOf tqufuyifcspf=unf&if;ESD;cJh=uonfjzpfIjrefrmESifhomvSsifyl;aygif;oifha=umif;/ 4if;jyifjrefrmjynfxJwGif

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wdkif;&if;om;rsm;jzpfaomu&ifjzLvlrsdK;rsm;pGm&Sdao;twGuf4if;wdk@udkvnf;rdrdwdk@ESifhwajrwnf;ae/ wa& wnf;aomufI vpfvSsL&SK@&efroifhawmfa=umif;[kqHk;jzwf=uygonf? pmrsufem 3 (10)or0g,rtoif;wnfaxmifjcif; qufvufIpD;yGm;a&;uÀudkndSEdkif;aqG;aEG;&ef/urBmppf=uD;jyD;qHk;onfhaemufjymyHktwdomvSsif usef&SdcJhaomu&ifeDe,fudkjyefvnfxlaxmif&eftwGuf t*Fvdyftpdk;&xHrS tultnD/ taxmuftyHh awmif;aomfvnf;r&ojzifhudk,fh'l;udk,fcsdKrSomvSsifjzpfI u&ifeDe,for0g,rtoif;wnfaxmif&efqHk; jzwf=uonf?xdkor0g,rtoif;zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmif&eftoif;OUXtjzpf OD;pdeftm;wifajrmuf=uonf? apmfbGm;rsm;tygt0iftrSlaqmifrsm;vnf; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufzGJ@pnf;onf? xdkor0g,rtoif;=uD;udk KCS [ktrnfwyfonf? xdk@aemuftrSKaqmifrsm;a&G;cs,fjyD;xdkrSwqifh(apm'dkuvm)tm;taxGaxGref ae*smtjzpf4if;/(apm*sqifuvS)udkb¾ma&;rSL;tjzpf4if;a&G;cs,fcef@xm;onf? 4if;or0g,ronfu&if eDe,fwe,fvHk;twGuftvkyftauGs;jyKjyD;pD;yGm;a&;aomhcsufwckjzpfonf? xdkuJhodk@ta&;=uD;aompD;yGm; a&;toufaoG;a=umudkOD;pdefuEdkifiHa&;tjrwfxkwfjyD;cs,fvS,fvmonfutrsm;urauseyfojzifhOD;pdef tm;t,Hkt=unfr&Sdtqdkudkwifjy&mtjywftowftEdkif&=uonf?xdk@a=umifh OD;pdefudkOUXtjzpfrS&yfpJ &efOD;pdefuvnf;auseyfI at;at;aq;aq;jzpf=uap&ef a&SGig;usyfom;udkygqkay;jyD; *k%fjyKcsD;jrifhvdkuf onf?xdk@aemufu&ifeDe,for0g,rtoif;=uD;OUXudkOD;apmvSOD;tm;topfa&G;cs,fcef@tyfvdkufonf? xdkor0g,rtoif;=uD;onf xdkufoifhoavmufwdk;wufrSK&Sdaomfvnf; 1948 ckESpf jynfwGif;ppfa=umifh ysufpD;qHk;&SHK;cJhonf? (11)awmifwef;a'orsm;ESifhawG@qHkjcif; 1946 ckESpf/rwfv(31)&ufae@ awmif=uD;jrdK@ta&;ydkifrPwmvd(csvf)zdwfac:csuft& awmif=uD; jrdK@Y &Srf;/ csif;/ ucsif/ 0 paomawmifwef;a'orSapmfbGm;-'l;0g;acgif;rsm;wdk@ESifhawG@qHkaqG;aEG;&ef&Sdonfh twGufuEW&0wDe,ftwGuf OD;pdef/ pyfv0D/ pyfZDe/ pyfodef;/ OD;baomif;/ =u,fzdk;=uD;e,frS apmfbGm; apma&SG/ atjrav;/ abmvcJe,frS OD;vGD;ZD/ rdk;jAJe,frSodkif;b[ef/tpdk;&udk,fpm;apm*D;vfAwfu&mpl;whdk uoGm;a&muf=uonf? xdktpnf;ta0;udk 1946 ckESpf{jyDv(17)&ufae@awmif=uD;jrdK@wGifpnf;a0;=uI OUXtjzpfanmifa&SGapmfbGm;=uD;pyfa&SGodkuftm;4if;/ twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfrdkif;yGefapmfbGm; pyfpHxGef;tm; 4if;aqmif&Guf=uygonf? pnf;a0;wdkifyifonfhudPrSm awmifwef;a'o(z&ef;wD;,m{&d,m)wGifyg0ifa&; udPjzpfIxdkudPudku&ifeDe,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ujyefvnfpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;=u&OD;rnf[kajymjyD;jyefvm=u onf? (12)u&ifeDe,fvGwfawmfzGJ@pnf;vdkufjcif; 1946 ckESpf/{jyDv(30)&ufae@Y vGdKifaumfjrdK@uEW&0wDe,f&Hk;wGifu&ifeDe,fta&;onfta&; =uD;vmonfhtwGufOD;pdefuuruxjyKjyD;txl;tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfudkjyKvkyfonf?xdktpnf;ta0;onf u&ifeDe,faumfpD(vGwfawmf)zGJ@pnf;oifha=umif;OD;pdefut=uHay;I aumfpDOuUXtjzpfOD;pdeftm;4if;/ t wGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfOD;baomif;tm;4if; vSsmxm;jyD; tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSme,f&SifapmfbGm;rsm;tjyif vlxkacgif; aqmifrsm;wpfe,fvsSif(4)OD;xm;Ie,fav;e,ftwGuf(16)OD;xm;&efjzpfygonf? (13)jrefrmjynfodk@qif;vm=ujcif; 1946 ckESpf/{jyDv(24)&ufae@wGif jrefrmjynfodk@oGm;a&muf=uonfhvlrsm;rSm(1)uE&0wDe,f rSOD;pdef/OD;baomif;/apmodef;/OD;ndrf;/pyfv0D/pyfZDe (2)=u,fzdk;=uD;e,frSapmzsmapma&SG/atjrav;/armifzdk; (3)abmvcJe,frSpyfi,f'l;/ OD;vGD;ZD (4)rdk;jAJe,frSodkif;b[ef/ OD;bDc0g;wdk@jzpfygonf? xdktzGJ@onfawmif iljrdK@odk@acw0ifI 26/ 4/ 46 &ufae@wGifapm*sGefqif'Dzdk;rif;. u&iftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufavhvm =uonf? aemufwpf&ufwGif&efukefjrdK@odk@qufvufqif;vm=ujyD; apmbOD;=uD;aetdrfYwnf;cdk=uI&ef ukefjrdK@wGifjrefrmjynf zqyv tzGJ@csKyfOUXAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhoGm;a&mufawG@qHkaqG;aEG;=uonf?xdk@

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