Uht Ke3 Introduct.hp&He Rst 07

8/22/2019 Uht Ke3 Introduct.hp&He Rst 07

1/16

kuliah-UHT-24-10-07-RST 1

Introduction to

Health Behavior,

Health Promotion &

Health Education

Kuliah UHT Rabu 24-10- 200707.00-09.00


2/16


Introduction

Health problems havemult ip le & interrelated

causes, that are targets of

PH & HP programs.

Interventions aimed at onlyone cause is not likely to

be successful, because the

causes are interrelated

HP : set of changeprocesses directed

toward the causesof

health problem

Many public healthmeasures become the

ob ject ives of HPefforts,

because their

accomplishmentrequires behavior

change on the part of

patients, citizens,

technocrats, and policy-

makers.

HP objective can focus

on several societal levels


3/16


Concept of:

Health Behavior:

the actions of individuals, groups, and

organizations and to those actions determinants, correlates, and

consequences, including social change,

policy development and implementation,

improved coping skills, and enhanced

quality of life (Parkerson et al, 1993)

To be continued


4/16


Concept of:

Health Behavior:

Gochman (1982): personal attributes such

as beliefs, expectations, motives, values,

perceptions, and othercognitive elements;personality characteristics, including affective and

emotional states and traits; and overt behavioral

patterns, actions, and habits that relate to health

maintenance, to health restoration, and to health

improvement.

To be continued


5/16


Concept of:

Health Behavior: (B)

Gochman (1982):

- cognitive elements .: Knowledge (K)- affective and emotional: Attitude (A)

- actions, and habits..: Practices (P)

To be continued

B = K.A.P


6/16


Concept of:

Health Education(HE):

concern withpromoting healthfulbehavior &alteringthe condi t ion, thataffect: healthbehavior & health

directly

Health Promotion (HP):

Set of processes changecondi t ionsthat affect health

Concern specifically with thesociobehavioral processes for:

- improving personal healthbehavior

- implementing public

health measures

HP should be programmaticrather than incidental


7/16


EVOLUTION of the CONCEPT

Health promotion beginswith people who are basically

healthy and seeks the development of community

and individual measures which can help them to

develop lifestyles that can maintain and enhance thestate of Well-being (Healthy People, 1979)

PHfocusing on measures that improve the general health

of population, e.g. water fluoridation, and directed at mostat risk pop. pregnant teenagers, eldest people etc

To be continued


8/16



Equating H. behaviorchange with HP, (thesingle most damaging

misconception!!!),neglect the concept ofHP is change processconcerned withmultiple causes of

health problems.

Healthy People 2000emphasizing on healthbehaviorrather than onbehavioral change process has unfortunateimpediment to progress inH. Promotion i.e.

1. Blame personal behavior

2. Fails to emphasis changeprocesses for alteringrelated health services &environmental controls.

To be continued


9/16



Green & Johnson(1983): HP is anycombinat ion of

educational,

org anizat ional, econom ic,

and environmental

suppo r ts for behav ior

conducive to heal th.

The emphasis on a rangeofsupports is good, because isneeded for improvement inPH., but the definition can befaulted in two ways:

1. behavior conduciveto health, rather thanon health itself.,behavior is only one ofseveral intermediateoutcomes!!!

2. Confusing objectiveswith measures orapproaches; educ ., org,

econom ic, and env.suppor tsare PHmeasures & HPobjectives,

but clearly they are not

HP processes!!!To be continued


10/16



Bruce et al: HP is any combination of changeprocesses directed at educational,

organizational, economic, and environmental

supports conducive to health.

Minkler (1989): programs based on personal

H. Behavior, may be creative & effective, but

should not focu s on increas ing pro f its -or iented wellness p rogramm ing!!!

To be continued


11/16



Dorothy Nyswanders admonition (1982) to focus HPon empowering individuals and changing systems. Thesuccess of HE programs would not be measured onthe amount of H. behavior or Health status change, butthe extent to which they increase meaning, control, andquality of life!

WHO definition of HP (1984) as a process of enablingpeople to increase control over and improve theirhealth as mediating strategy between people andtheir environments, synthesizing personal choice and

social responsibility in health. Minkler (1989) & Freudenberg (1981) are attempting

Nyswanders idea of focusing on health within thecontext of democracy and social empowerment.

To be continued


12/16



According to Nyswander: HP is not only

measured by the improvement of H.

behavior, mortality, morbidity, but also by

changes in social structure, and theactual & perceived control that people

have over their lives ( control behavior,

and social & physical environmentsthat are most important, changeable, or

highest priority).

To be continued


13/16



Dwore and Kreuter (1980): HP is theprocess ofadvocat inghealth in order toenhance the probability that personal

(individual, family, and community),private (professional and business), andpublic (federal, state and localgovernment) support of positive health

practices will become a societal norm(emphasizing: advocacy, multilevel sociallevel and social norms)


14/16


The relationship of health education to the three major

categories of health & illness determinants

Personal

Behavior&

Lifestyle

HEALTH

EDUCATIONPublic Health

&

Medical Care

Environment


15/16


Pustaka

Glanz,Karens, Frances Marcus Lewis,

Barbara K.Rimer, editors, 1997. HEALTH

BEHAVIOR and HEALTH EDUCATION,

Theory, Research, and Practice. 2 ed.

Jossey-Bass Pulishers, San Franscisco,


16/16


Documents

Uht Ke3 Introduct.hp&He Rst 07