HOW PLANS WORK

HOW PLANS WORK

CONTENT

1. Different ways of how plans work:• Agendas, • Policies, • Visions, • Designs • Strategies

2. Investments and Regulations

3. Determining whether plans work

HOW PLANS WORK

AGENDA• An agenda is a list of things to do it works by recording a list to remind us what to

do or to share publicly a commitment to do these things.

• Example: Capital improvements program(CIP) or budget may function as an agenda. CIP keeps a record of a list that is too long to remember and known to be within the budget constraint set by projected revenue.

• Agenda identify issues or actions

• Whereas objectives identify valued attributes of outcomes.

HOW PLANS WORK

POLICY• It works on repeat decisions to save time or by ensuring that the same action is

taken in the same circumstances with fields fairness or predictability

• It works in three ways: Saving decisions costs Ensuring consistency Increasing predictability

HOW PLANS WORK

VISION• Vision is an image of what could be.

• Vision could be interpreted as a normative forecast.

(A desired future that can work if people can be persuaded that it can and will come true)

Firstly it focusses on outcome and then on the possibility of actions to attain the outcome

HOW PLANS WORK

• Designs fit situation in which there are highly interdependent actions that are easily inferred from information about the outcome, and there is little uncertainity about implementation of actions.

DESIGNS

STRATEGIES

• Strategies fit situations in which there are many interdependent actions under the authority and occurring over a long time in relation to an uncertain environment

HOW PLANS WORK

• Investment in physical infrastructure or facilities and regulations are widely recognised as the two major components of urban development plans.• In Investment, there are two kinds of decision matter: the decision to invest in infrastructure. the decision to use the resulting infrastructure in particular ways.• Investments occur in fixed locations and they create the physical

context within which locational choice and daily behaviours occur.

INVESTEMENTS AND REGULATIONS

HOW PLANS WORK

• In Regulations, two kinds of decision matter: decisions to regulate decisions to act the given regulations.• Usually, the decision to regulate will be collective and the decision to

act is individual.• Decisions should be made according to where to impose what

regulations.

REGULATIONS

HOW PLANS WORK

Observation if plans are working :• PLAN MAKING BEHAVIOURS : the things planners and their

collaborators do when they make plans.

• PLANS : information available at particular times to particular people

• PEOPLE USING PLANS : while making decisions.

• INVESTMENTS AND REGULATIONS : that may have affected by plans.

• OUTCOMES : in terms of activity patterns resulting from these investments and regulations.

DETERMINING WHETHER PLANS WORK

HOW PLANS WORK

• Effect: how does it effect the environment, strategy that were made had any positive outcome or not.• Net Benefit: the plan that the organisation made had any profit or it

not worth considering.• Internal validity: did the plan work as a dependent action or it includes

different actions creating interdependent action on which design works• External validity: all the regulations and ethics were followed during

the implementation or not

Broad criteria for assessing whether plans work :

HOW PLANS WORK

• Setting agendas and pursuing are the ways of affecting the decisions that will be made . Agendas keep our attention focused on important actions or issues rather than listening and comprising to the given situations• Prediction of the evaluation criteria in appropriate situation.• Pertaining to vision, design, and strategy aspects.

INFERENCES

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